It is especially carefully selected among San Fuji. Reason for high sugar content. It is also hung on “Mt. Fuji” after Fujisaki Town, Aomori Prefecture, which is the birthplace of training.
Yamagata’s “Fuji apple”, which has plenty of candy-colored honey in the flesh, is popular all over the country. In the past, it was common practice to cover the fruit with a bag when growing Fuji apples. However, although it is safe as a method to put a bag on each one, it takes too much time and effort. According to NARO, Okute matures in Morioka from late October to early November. Early fruit drop and pre-harvest drop are rare. The shape of the fruit is round to slightly oval, and oblique fruit is likely to occur. The size is around 300 g inside. The fruit color is dark red with bright red stripes, and depending on the year, it seems that cracks in the stem part can be seen. The flesh is yellowish white, hard, and slightly rough, but juicy and sweet with a good taste. Sugar content 14-16%, C4H6O5 (dicarboxylic acid (C2H2O4: characteristic formula (COOH)2): One of the intermediates in the citric acid cycle, reversibly synthesized in mitochondria from fumaric acid by fumarase. Or NAD-apple It reversibly degrades to oxaloacetate by acid dehydrogenase. The synthesis and decomposition of malic acid in the cytoplasm is also this enzyme. In the plastid, malic acid is synthesized from C4H4O5 by NADP-malate dehydrogenase. CAM-type photosynthesis is used in deserts, etc. In CAM plants, which is a form of photosynthesis commonly found in succulent plants and epiphytes that similarly inhabit environments with high water stress, malic acid accumulates in vacuoles at night and is decarboxylated during the day to produce malic acid. This decarboxylation process is also present in C4 plants, whose first photosynthetic fixation product is a C4 compound, and generates pyruvate from malic acid by NADP-malic enzyme and NAD-malic enzyme. NADP-ME in maize, etc. In type C4 plants, it is transported from mesophyll cells to vascular bundle sheath cells. Such C4 plants seem to be called malic acid-producing C4 plants. Malic acid is also present in the apoplast and opens and closes stomata. In addition, it is present in large quantities in vacuoles and also in phloem fluid as a translocation substance. In tissues such as germinated seeds, which are highly active in converting stored fat into sugar, In the glyoxylate cycle in the glyoxisome, malate is also synthesized from acetyl-CoA and C2H2O3 by malate synthase. The fruit has excellent storability and can be refrigerated for a long time. The shape of the tree is expansive, the tree is strong and grows vigorously, and it is productive. Appears to be moderately resistant to leaf spot disease. Kogyoku（Malus domestica ‘Jonathan’） Apple: An old variety native to New York, USA, it was called Jonathan Apple in the name of the discoverer at that time. Introduced in Japan in 1872, it seems to have been a representative variety of apples along with Kokko Apple until 1955. Among the major varieties in Japan, it has the strongest acidity but also has aroma, and it seems that it is also known as a variety suitable for cooking and processing. The 1965s was a period of renewal of varieties, and it seems that they shifted to delicious and Fuji Apple. Especially determined was the 1968 Kokko Apple mass dumping case. It seems that it was called the mountains and rivers market case because apples could not be sold due to consumer satiation and more than 10,000 tons were dumped into mountains and rivers. Bananas were liberalized in 1963, the year after the debut of Fujisaki Town, Minamitsugaru District, and the price of apples was high due to the abundant harvest of other fruits and the gourmet taste of the people who became rich due to high economic growth. Crash. Apples that cannot be sold even if they are put on the market lose their place and are discarded by farmers. This was a decisive turning point, and it seems that the renewal of apple varieties in Aomori Prefecture has progressed dramatically. It seems that apple cultivation in Yamagata Prefecture is trimmed and pruned every year from February to March to renew old branches and thin out excess branches in order to improve the sunlight of the whole tree. It seems that this trimming and pruning also has the purpose of making it easier for the grower to work. Pollination occurs in early May. Adorable white and pink apple blossoms. The flowers are expected to bloom in early May when snow still remains on the surrounding mountains. An apple has a “disk flower” and a “side flower” that blooms around it in one flower bud. During the flowering period, bees and wasps help pollinate other compatible cultivars. Apples with a lot of seeds appear to be larger, have better shape, and are of higher quality. Flower thinning, fruit thinning starts in May and mid-July, and in early May when the flowers bloom, unnecessary flowers are picked in order to improve the fruit set and enlargement of the “disk flower”. In mid-May, when it becomes clear that the fruit has stopped, the fruit is thinned out in a process called “fruit thinning,” which seems to allow more nutrients to reach the remaining fruit. In early summer, green berries begin to appear, and it is said that thinning is performed to produce berries that are rich in nutrients and sweetness. Coloration management starts from the end of August, and in order to improve the coloration of apples, “leaves thinning” is carried out by picking the leaves that cover the fruit. In addition, it seems that a silver sheet is laid out to shine light from below. Harvested from August to early December, the leaves turn bright red when exposed to a lot of sunlight. Yamagata Prefecture’s apples, which have large daily differences in weather conditions and highly skilled producers, ripen on the trees, giving them a different taste. The yellow amber that forms around the core of good produce is the result of C6H14O6, a type of sugar, overflowing from the cells of the pulp. The sweetness of C6H14O6 itself is not strong, but it changes to fructose, sucrose, glucose, etc., which are the basis of sweetness. As a result, moderate sourness is added, and it seems to be an apple with a good fragrance and outstanding sweetness. The history of Yamagata apples can be traced back to the warlord Toshinaga Kitadate, who ruled the Shonai region during the Warring States period. Appointed as the lord of the castle, he learned that the land was barren and began researching for irrigation. The research took 10 years, and the excavation of the “Hitadate Great Weir” began. The construction took four months. Approximately 8,000 hectares of paddy fields in the rice-producing Shonai Plain are still benefiting from this dam. It is said that there is a record of offering it. Although Japanese apples are a different species from modern Western apples, this is probably the oldest record of apples in the Tohoku region. Cultivation of Western apples began in the Tohoku region in the Meiji era. Cultivation was first started in Aomori Prefecture in 1875, and in the same year, Togoro Itagaki (1839-1883: Itagaki Shinden was cultivated in the northeastern part of the Yamagata Basin in the Murayama region, in present-day Jin Town, Higashine City). Located in the central part of the Midare River alluvial fan, the Murayama No River flows westward in the north. This time it has failed. Also in 1875, Charles Henry Dallas (1841-1894: went to mainland China as a mineral dealer and came to Japan for the first time in 1865. In October 1871, Yonezawa no Dallas was welcomed as the fourth foreign teacher in Japan at Yuzurukan Western School, and taught English, grammar, algebra, geometry, economics, geography, and history, as well as general modern sports such as cricket, high jump, and gymnastics. Fluent in Japanese and French, during his tenure in Yonezawa, he visited the people of Yonezawa wearing a crested haori, spoke to children in the Yonezawa dialect, understood humor, and was an inquisitive sportsman. While teaching at Yamagata Prefectural Yonezawa Kojokan High School (Sasano, Section of Village: Japan’s oldest public high school), he is said to have raised several cattle. When he brought one cow back to the foreign settlement in Yokohama and treated it to his British friends, it was well received for its delicious taste, and Yonezawa beef suddenly became famous. It is said that Mankichi planted apples in Yonezawa because he wanted to keep the beef culture in Yonezawa, and for the sake of the future, he funded and opened a japanese beef cow restaurant “Gyuman”. The following year, apple cultivation began in what is now the Tateyama district of Yonezawa City. This is said to be the origin of the current ‘Tateyama apple（In 1876, it was established as a prefectural Kangyo-ryo (an internal bureau of the Ministry of Finance responsible for agricultural promotion). Established in the Ministry of Finance on August 23, 1871 to manage land reclamation, etc. Present-day Yamagata Prefectural Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. It is said that it originated. Currently, it seems that about 50 ha is being planted mainly in the western part of the city, Nishiyama, and Ohinata multi-unit apartments. Many old-fashioned sour Jonathan apples are also planted.）’, and is considered to be the first case of Western apple cultivation in Yamagata prefecture. Later, pioneers such as Hanjuro Takeda and Saburo Nakajima appeared in the Jin Town district, and started cultivating apples in the middle of the Meiji era. In the late Meiji period, immigrants from other areas joined the area, and the area on the east side of Jin Town, including Itagaki Nitta, developed as a fruit farming area for cherries, apples, etc. Currently, a road called “Fruit Line” passes through the place. In the Taisho period (1912-1926), it began to be cultivated commercially outside of Tateyama and Jin Town. After the war, the production volume increased further, and it seems that some production areas, such as Asahi Town, Nishimurayama District, have attracted the attention of market players across the country due to improvements in farming methods. In the 2022 JA jurisdiction, about 180 producers of the wide-area cucumber group, mainly in Yamagata City, are cultivating in greenhouses and outdoors. On April 4th, this year’s shipping work began in earnest in Yamagata City, the prefecture’s number one cucumber producing area, and has been well received. The JA Yamagata Seibu Agricultural Center cucumber sorting plant in Minamiishizeki, the city, is in operation, and cucumbers harvested in the morning are sorted one after another according to standards and delivered to the market, related companies, and consumers. The largest cucumber production area in the prefecture leading the promotion of large-scale horticultural complexes: Yamagata Agricultural Cooperative Wide Area Cucumber Section (Yamagata City). The sales amount was 570 million yen, accounting for about half of the handling volume of JA Zen-noh Yamagata. A subcommittee was established in March 1998, and the prefecture’s first large-scale cucumber sorting facility was constructed in the center of the cucumber production area in Yamagata City. As with other production areas, due to the aging population Although the number of members decreased, the shipment volume per department member was maintained, and the sales amount per department member seemed to rise steadily. In the subcommittee, young people visit farms, conduct training sessions, conduct nutrition diagnosis, etc., and promote the making of friends. It seems that they are trying to get young producers to settle down. As a characteristic activity, we have established a long-term shipping system by combining cropping types, and by combining greenhouse cultivation and open-field cultivation, we are building a long-term shipping system that is not found in other production areas in the prefecture. With long-term shipments from mid-March to late November, it plays a role as a budding Tohoku production area in switching from Kanto to Tohoku in relay shipments nationwide. It seems that the production area is trusted by the market. In order to ensure stable production, in greenhouse cultivation, soil disinfection such as solar heat disinfection is incorporated between forcing cultivation and restraint cultivation, and it seems that they are working on measures against soil diseases. In addition, as a countermeasure against physiological disorders, it seems that they are working on fertilization and soil preparation based on soil analysis. It seems that young producers are working on real-time nutrition diagnosis that can be measured quickly in the field or greenhouse as fertilizer management based on nutrition diagnosis, and the results are used for fertilizer management and grass growth management. With a strong desire to secure and nurture young agricultural successors who will be responsible for the production area as a direction for future development, the group and the Yamagata Agricultural Cooperative have started the concept of a greenhouse complex. A 1 ha greenhouse complex was developed near the cucumber sorting field, and the greenhouse was rented out to bearers. “Stealth Omicron; BA.2 (since there is del / 69/70, SGFT method (Suspended Glass Fiber that is finely crushed and mixed with water. A technique for concentrating DNA using the property of adsorbing DNA)” Is it an Omicron strain? It is indistinguishable. It has been replaced in multiple countries such as the United Kingdom and Denmark since January 2022.) ”It seems that this is the first time that infection has been confirmed in Yamagata Prefecture. In the prefecture, as a result of genome analysis of one patient who was confirmed to be infected with the new coronavirus last month, it is called “BA.2”, which is pointed out that one of the Omicron strains has stronger infectivity than before. It was announced on March 5, 2022 that it was confirmed to be infected with a strain of virus. Don’t worry, the citizens of the prefecture are thoroughly preventing and calling attention. I hope that we will return to a society where people can feel at ease and that people’s lives will return. Thank you for demonstrating leadership from politicians. The eastern part of JA Yamagata’s jurisdiction borders Miyagi Prefecture with the Ou Mountains in the background, and the Murayama Basin spreads out in the western part, and the Asahi-gassan Mountain Range shows a beautiful mountain range beyond that. It is adjacent to the Okitama district in the south and Tendo / Sagae City in the north. Although it is a separate union from the Yamagata City Agricultural Cooperative, which has its head office in Saiwai Town, Yamagata City, the business areas of the entire Yamagata City overlap. The Yamagata City Agricultural Cooperative Association mentioned above registered the geographical indication (GI) as “Yamagata Celery” in April 2018. In addition to GI registration, it seems that they are making various efforts to make Yamagata celery a production area. Together with JA Zen-Noh Yamagata, we have launched the “Yamagata Celery“ Agricultural Mirai Base Creation Project, forming a greenhouse complex to secure new farmers and increasing the shipment value of Yamagata Celery. By passing on the skills of skilled producers to young producers and continuing a certain amount of shipments, it seems that they were aiming for GI registration as a brand building that survived as a production area evaluated by the market and looked ahead. The history of celery cultivation in Yamagata is that in 1968, four young producers were the leading celery cultivators at that time in order to acquire the celery cultivation technology that was difficult to cultivate. It is said that the start was to go to a stay-over training under (Edogawa Ward, Tokyo). After that, it seems that the training members will play a central role in establishing the Yamagata City Western Vegetable Production Association, which will be the predecessor of the current JA Yamagata City Vegetable Horticulture Expert Committee Celery Department in 1972. Yamagata’s celery cultivation is a combined management with paddy rice, and is carried out in two seasons, the spring crop from May to June and the autumn crop from October to November. The cultivars cultivated are popular large-scale varieties cultivated in other production areas (trademark registered name “Tono Celery” based on Cornell 619) and Yamagata is the only production area that has been cultivated since 1986. It is a small cultivar (trademark registered name “Hime celery” derived from Wakatake). In 1997, it seems to be the only production area in Tohoku with 26 celery members and a shipment value of over 100 million yen. With the assistance of Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture, the national government, etc., we are proceeding with the development of a base for the house complex with the aim of fostering new leaders such as new farmers and large-scale accumulation of horticultural complex, and 18 cultivation houses in FY2015. (5258 m2), 17 cultivation houses (5157 m2) in 2016, 1 seedling raising house (1914 m2), 32 cultivation houses (10,193 m2) in 2017, totaling 68 buildings (including seedling raising greenhouse) . The JA will rent 4.79 hectares (47,900 m2) of agricultural land by 2019, develop 74 buildings in the entire cultivation house, and increase the celery shipment value to 150 million yen, which is about 1.5 times the peak value. It seems that he had a plan. After the construction of the greenhouse complex started, the shipment value seems to have increased steadily to 48.43 million yen in 2015, 66.12 million yen in 2016, and 78.31 million yen in 2017. The JA seems to have created a situation where new farmers can easily start farming by renting agricultural land and developing a cultivation house for Yamagata celery. Those who want to start farming for celery cultivation receive two years of training under the celery staff. It seems that two skilled members in their 60s were in charge of the training. After two years of training, it seems that you can start farming immediately by renting a cultivation greenhouse in the house complex. Although it is said that celery is difficult to cultivate, it seems that new farmers first cultivate a small variety of celery, “Hime celery”, which is relatively easy to cultivate. Here, a system for receiving cultivation guidance has been put in place, and it seems that there is no need to worry about finding land, which is difficult when starting farming. The cultivation greenhouse in the house complex is also equipped with irrigation equipment, and it seems that tractors, management machines, transport vehicles, work houses, etc. can be used only by paying an annual fee of 1000 yen per tsubo as a greenhousing complex usage fee for the cultivation greenhouse. For example, if one cultivation house is 100 unit of land measurement, it seems that it can be used for 108,000 yen including tax. This housing complex usage fee is also exempted for the first year of farming. In the same JA, the sales amount of “Hime Apium graveolens var. dulce” for spring and autumn crops is 738,390 yen, and the expenditure is 229,123 yen for seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides and corrugated cardboard materials, and freight and market fees of 109,364 yen. With a total of 338,487 yen, it seems that it was possible to secure an income of 444,903 yen after deduction. After cultivating “Hime Apium graveolens var. dulce” in the house in spring and autumn, the house will be open for 3 months from December to February, so it seems that some producers grow leaves such as spinach during that time. Celery is a vegetable that people like and dislike, so it is expected that not many households usually use it for cooking. Proposals for various ways of eating through such efforts seem to be considered to be an effective way to increase overall consumption. In addition, from the spring of 2016, under the total coordination from Mr. Daisuke NAKAYAMA, a professor at Tohoku University of Art and Design at that time, large varieties will be sold under the brand “Tono Celery” and small varieties under the brand “Hime Celery”. It seems that it became. It seems to be a brand strategy that seeks to differentiate itself from other celery producing areas. Furthermore, it should be noted that it is based on the “Act on the Protection of Names of Specified Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. (GI Act)” which started about 7 years ago as Japan’s Geographical Indication Protection System (GI) and came into effect in June 2015. , It seems that it was an effort aimed at GI registration of Yamagata Cellully. Okahijiki was originally born in Nanyo City, Yamagata Prefecture. In the early Edo period, the seeds of Okahijiki harvested at Shonai Beach climbed the Mogami River, which was the main transportation route at that time, and the landing site was Sunazuka Village (currently Ringo, Nanyo City: former Ringo Village is Yamagata Prefecture). It was in Higashi-Okitama district. It is said that the cultivation started when it was planted in the area around Ringo Station on the Yamagata Railway Flower Nagai Line at the southwestern end of present-day Nanyo City. A very nutritious vegetable that was hard to find outside of Yamagata prefecture. Nowadays, it is cultivated in various areas such as Chiba and Fukuoka. It’s in season, but I heard that it’s around April and May, but it seems that many farmers are currently cultivating in the greenhouse and harvesting until winter. Especially in the Okitama area, greenhouse cultivation and tunnel cultivation seem to be the mainstream. I heard that you can harvest about 5 times a year by harvesting and sowing seeds each time. Since it has been a wild species for a long time, it has a strong vitality, and it seems that a lot of yield is expected if the soil is suitable. Even if it is picked once, the leaves will sprout immediately, so it seems that it could be harvested many times depending on the care. However, high-quality cultivation seems to be difficult because there is no successor to the producer. “Sun Korin apples” are grown with lots of sunshine and love. Also, since they are exposed to wind, rain and direct sunlight for a long time, they do not look as good as normal Korin apples, but they are said to have a rich and mellow taste. This excellent fruit can be stored normally for about one month in a refrigerator, and is classified as Nakate species and contains characteristic honey. In addition, it has a good balance of sweet and sour taste, and the size and shape is 300-350 g. The whole fruit is irregularly colored with red stripes. The flesh is yellowish white and juicy, and the texture is dense and hard. It is also considered one of the Wase Fuji apples and is commonly called the same. It seems that it is shipped in Yamagata Prefecture from around the end of September, about a month earlier than “Fuji Apple”. The Junasan apples introduced this time are nostalgic for their small size, bright red skin, firm flesh, and old-fashioned sweet and sour taste. Ever since they were imported in the Meiji era, Kogyoku apples have been cultivated to the extent that apples are synonymous with Kogyoku apples. The sourness is strong, but the more you chew, the more sweetness comes out and it is delicious. Apples, which decorate our dining table, have been cultivated all over the world for a long time, and it seems that in Turkey, apples were found in a carbonized state around 6000 BC. Apples are native to cold regions such as Central Asia, and apples prefer cool climates. After the Heian period, small apples called “Japanese product apples” with a strong sour taste were brought to Japan from China, and it seems that they are different from the apples cultivated today. In 1871, Vice Minister of Development Kiyotaka Kuroda purchased saplings from the United States and planted 75 varieties of apples in the Aoyama Government Garden in Tokyo, which is said to be the beginning of apple cultivation. Starting in 1874, the Kangyoryo of the Ministry of Home Affairs began distributing apple saplings nationwide, and prototypes were made in various places. In 1875, three saplings were distributed to the Aomori prefectural office from the Kangyoryo of the Ministry of Home Affairs and planted on the premises of the prefectural office. In 1878, it first fruited in Aomori Prefecture, the birthplace of Sun Fuji. “Western apple” saplings were imported from the United States, and the large apples that are commonly available today have been cultivated. Sunfuji apples, which are mainly harvested in Japan, are the most produced variety in Japan, accounting for more than half of the apple production. To be repeated again, it weighs 300-350 g, and the color of the fruit is dark red with bright red stripes. It has a strong sweetness and aroma, and the flesh is firm and chewy. It has a lot of juice, especially the ones with honey. It also has good storability. In addition, this “Fuji apple” is cultivated by the Fruit Tree Research Institute of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.
2022 marks the 82nd anniversary of the birth of Fuji apples, a representative variety of apples. Aomori Prefecture Apple Research Station (Kuroishi City: current Aomori Industrial Technology Center Apple Research Institute) ) in 1940, the seeds obtained by crossing the pollen of the “Delicious apple” provided by ) were sown in the following year, 1940.
In 2021, Yamagata Prefecture’s apple production will rank fourth in Japan. Mainly “Fuji apple”, “Shuyo apple”, “Shinano sweet apple”, “Orin apple”, “Tsugaru apple” etc. From the Wase variety to the Okute variety, a wide variety of apples with excellent taste are cultivated. In addition, Yamagata’s “Fuji apple”, which has plenty of candy-colored honey in the flesh, is popular all over the country. In the past, it was common practice to cover the fruit with a bag when growing Fuji apples.
Yamagata City has been actively producing rice, vegetables and fruits since ancient times. It is said to have been built years ago.) Thanks to Mamigasaki River (Yamagata Zao), irrigation canal maintenance, and farm field reorganization. At present, irrigation canals and old weirs built by the “National Mogami River Midstream Agricultural Irrigation Project” and “Prefectural Irrigation and Drainage Project” seem to reach every nook and cranny of the vast beneficiary area. Approximately 70% of this water supply comes from the Mogami River, and the others come from the Mamigasaki River, Hosawa River, Gomyozawa River, and Hataya Onuma in Nishiyama. In 1987, the water of the Mogami River passed through a tunnel of 9.1 km from Dewa Hills from Shinosawa, Asahi Town, Nishimurayama County to Negiwa, Yamanobe Town, Higashimurayama County, and flowed into the Yamagata Basin for the first time. In addition to the existing five weirs in Yamagata, the water from the Mamigasaki River seems to be newly drawn under National Route 286 from Myokenji to the South Building by pipelines. These are managed by the Mogami River Midstream Land Improvement District in Iizawa, and enrich the farmland in the Yamagata Basin. Thanks to these irrigation projects, the “water conflicts” between farmers during droughts have disappeared, and the long-desired problem of water shortages has been resolved. In addition, the Sugawa River flows to the west, but it seems that it could not be used as agricultural water because of its strong acidity.
