It is said that in 1907, Mr. Chozaemon Yamamoto of Katsuragi Town ordered 50 “Fuyu” seedlings from a farm in Tokyo and planted them in paddy fields. In the same year, the Kudoyama Town Hall bought Fuyugaki saplings from Gifu prefecture and planted them in Kosawa. After that, it is recorded that Mr. Koichi Okuda of Hashimoto City was introduced in 1921 in Nyuno (currently Kawabe Town) in 1923 and in Ozu Village in Naga District in 1925. At that time, the introduction of no flat core. In November 1921, Mr. Koichi Okuda of Hashimoto City introduced 18 types of astringent persimmons from the Wakayama Prefectural Horticultural Experiment Station, and as a result of testing, it is said that Hiratanenashigaki is abundant and suitable for the area. After that, in 1925, it is recorded that seedlings were purchased and planted in Kudoyama Town and Katsuragi Town.

Yukimura participated in the war as a Toyotomi clan and was called “the best soldier in Japan” for the first time in a battle that put Ieyasu in a difficult situation, but there is also a theory that he “gentlely extended his head” around the end. In recent years, a copy of a letter written by Munetsugu NISHIO, the gunner of the Echizen Matsudaira family who participated in the 1615 summer camp as Tokugawa, was confirmed at the Fukui Prefectural Library. I heard that it was done. During the Siege of Osaka, he served Ieyasu's grandson, Tadanao Matsudaira. In the letter he sent to another vassal, Jinzaemon YAMAGAMI, during the Genna year, four to seven years after the summer camp, he said, “I met Mr. Sanada at the horse's tip of the lord, met him, and captured him. I will give it to the lord paramount (Ieyasu).” 旧藩士諸家覚書之写-松平文庫福井藩政史料目録: Was it copied or compiled in the early Meiji era? The person (predecessor) at that time is a solid proof. YASUKUNI Shrine attends the indispensable lantern festival every year: Since the arrival of Perry in 1853 at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, military personnel and civilian employees who have been killed in national affairs, such as domestic and foreign incidents and wars, are enshrined as “spirits of war”. Toast at the end of Nobushige-Ko, where he was resting his tired body leaning against a tree in the precincts of Yasui Shrine (Tennoji Ward, Osaka City).

【Product name】

Kinokawa persimmon

【Type】

Diospyros kaki Thunb.

【Production area】

Hashimoto City, Wakayama Prefecture, Kudoyama Town, Ito District, Koya Town, Katsuragi Town

【Origin of the name】

It is a special persimmon cultivated by Wakayama prefecture, which boasts the largest production volume in Japan, by taking time and effort to remove the tree. The Kinokawa River flows from Nara Prefecture to Wakayama Prefecture and supports the entire region as the main stream of the first-class water system that flows into the Kii Suido. The name of the river is from the ancient name “Kii Province”, and it seems that it was named to differentiate it from other production areas.

【Major features】

Persimmon is a famous natural doctor. The predecessor's teaching, “A Persimmon a day keeps the doctor away", Is great. After the unusual heat of the day (summer), a refreshing autumn begins. Kinokawa persimmons are “Hiratanenashigaki persimmon” or “Tonegaki persimmon” produced in the area along the Kinokawa River in Wakayama Prefecture and cultivated by a special method. These are actually astringent persimmons that are used to remove astringency as they are before harvesting. “Wase Tonegaki Persimmon” is a young tree that was cultivated from the root by “Yoshitami TONE” in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture, which was broken by the Isewan Typhoon that occurred in 1959. It is a variety that was born by being attached to a tree. Originally the same variety as Hiratanenashi persimmon, but it is also a variety that grows 10 to 15 days earlier than “Hiratanenashigaki persimmon”. Mr. Yasushi（Tamotsu）Iwahashi of Momoyama Town, Naga District, Wakayama Prefecture (currently Momoyama Town, Kinokawa City) applied for registration in 1978, and in 1980, the variety was registered based on the Seedling Law of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The size of the fruit is about the same as that of “Hirataneshigaki”, the fruit shape is oblate, the cross section is square, and the skin color is slightly darker orange than “Hirataneshigaki” and glossy. The calyx of the fruit is smaller than “Wase Sugita（Trained by Kiyoshi Sugita (1904-1993), who crossed Sado Island from Echigo in 1918 as an agricultural technician. He worked hard on the island's agriculture and persimmon cultivation, and was appointed as an agricultural technician in Ogi Town, a town in the southwestern part of the island. The high level of technical guidance in the town was bought, and in 1927 it was promoted to the Hamochi Village Agricultural Association in the neighboring town of Hamochi. In the same year, the Great Depression, which originated in the United States, caused a stock market crash in 1930. With the fall of the “cocoon market” as a fuse, the prices of agricultural products collapsed one after another, which had a great impact on rural areas in various parts of Japan. The following year, a terrible crop occurred due to cold weather, mainly in the Tohoku region.It was full of unemployed people, and in rural areas, selling Aoda (buying rice before harvest), selling girls, and skipping children became serious pro  blems. A discourse by Kiyoshi, a fruit that anyone can make and save everyone in the village. He is a person who has influenced not only Sado City, Niigata Prefecture, but Japan as a whole, no, the world, on the way.）”, and the tip of “Wase Sugita” is thicker and sharper than the elongated and sharp point. In addition, the color of the flesh, the quality of the flesh, the difficulty of de-astringency, the shelf life after de-astringency, the floweriness or the presence or absence of seeds, etc., do not seem to be different from “Hirataneshi”. The maturity period in the breeding ground (Tenri City, Nara Prefecture) is from September 20th to October 5th, but it is expected that the period will be slightly different due to annual climate change. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in climate change due to anthropogenic factors due to concerns about global warming, which is said to be caused by an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the large consumption of fossil fuels. The recent view by the Japan Meteorological Agency is that the factors include natural factors and artificial factors. Natural factors include changes in the ocean, increases in aerosols (fine particles in the atmosphere) due to volcanic eruptions, and changes in solar activity, as well as those inherent in the atmosphere itself. In particular, the ocean, which occupies 70% of the earth's surface, exchanges heat and water vapor with the atmosphere through the sea surface, and fluctuations in ocean currents and sea surface temperature have a great effect on the movement of the atmosphere. On the other hand, human factors include an increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide associated with human activities and aerosols (sulfates, black carbon, organic carbon generated by human activities such as industry and agriculture and biological activities, and wind. There is an increase in soil dust and sea salt particles that are blown up by the plant, and deforestation）. An increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide raises the surface temperature, and changes in vegetation such as deforestation affect the water circulation and the amount of solar radiation reflected on the earth's surface. I have some doubts, but if I have the opportunity, I would like to express my own sensibilities. As for Hiratanenashigaki persimmon, it will be easier to understand if you check the partially dried Japanese persimmon, which is a specialty of Koshu, Yamanashi prefecture, which I mentioned yesterday. The tradition of “Kinokawa kaki persimmon” is to remove the astringency of "Hiratanenashi persimmon" as it is made of wood. The cultivation method is to cover each persimmon with a plastic bag containing “Solid ethyl alcohol” before the “Hiratanenashigaki persimmon” begins to color, leave it as it is for about a day, and then cut off the lower half of the bag. , Waiting for the persimmons to color and being harvested. Ordinary “Hirataneshigaki persimmons” are harvested in a bitter state and then put in a de-astringent storage to remove the astringency, but in the case of “Kinokawa Kaki persimmons”, the astringency can be removed while they are still made of wood, so the sweetness is higher. Fruits that become stronger and contain brown sugar when the persimmon is cut (black sesame-like grains (persimmon tannins; By changing to C2H4O (eternal); acetaldehyde (tannin binding), antibacterial action, skin irritation, atopic dermatitis. In addition, it is expected to be effective by absorbing even a small amount in the body for atopy, athlete's foot, periodontal disease, and UV protection.) that look like shaken sesame seeds). It is cultivated only in the Kihoku region of Wakayama, and it seems that it takes a lot of time and effort because each bag must be covered. It is characterized by its crispy taste and sweetness like “Fuyugaki persimmon” : Completely sweet persimmon, harvest time is expected from mid-November to late November. The skin color is red. The fruit weighs about 280 grams. The sugar content is about 15 to 16 degrees. The flowering period is about 3 days later than that of “Wase Matsumoto Fuyugaki（Around 1935, he discovered a sport of “Fuyugaki” in the field of Mr. Yutaka Matsumoto in Shigasato Village, Ikaruga, District Kyoto (currently Ayabe City). Harvest is expected from mid-October to early November. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry certification was registered as a name in 1952.）” persimmon, and the flowers are only female flowers. The characteristics are that the fruit shape is good and the balls are well aligned, and the juice is abundant and the taste is excellent. Good astringency and wide adaptability to the region. Since there are some persimmon calyxes, it is important to manage the water so that it grows smoothly. Of great interest is the pruning of the resulting tree. Side branches are placed from the main branch and sub-main branch, and the branches on the side branches are said to bear fruit. I heard that if these side branches are used for many years, thick branches will increase and there will be no fruiting branches inside the crowded trunk, so it will be renewed in about 4 to 5 years. To renew the side branches, the sudden branches (long branches) generated from the main branch and sub-main branch are used, but the upright strong branches generated from the upper surface of the branch are removed, and the moderate branch generated from the side surface and slightly upper surface is used. It seems to do. As a result of the occurrence from the side branch, it seems that the maternal branch is organized and left in the required number. As a result, the maternal branch varies depending on the variety and the conditions of the garden, but it seems that Fuyugaki has about 5,000 to 6,000 and Hiratanenashigaki has about 6,000 to 8,000 per 10 ares. In order to produce large fruits, it is desirable that the side branches hang down a little as a whole when the fruits bear fruit, and it is advisable to pay sufficient attention to the timing of side branch renewal and how to select side branch candidates. In addition, in the case of such a tree type, it is said that leaving the long branch at the tip of the branch as a maternal branch leads to large fruit production. JA Kihoku Kawakami consists of Hashimoto City, Kudoyama Town, Koya Town, and Katsuragi Town (total area 463 km2) located in the northeastern part of Wakayama Prefecture. Adjacent to Osaka Prefecture, the south is a region with abundant nature and historical culture, looking up at the world heritage Kii Mountains and Mt. Koya. It seems that residential areas and rural areas are becoming mixed and part-time jobs. The main agricultural products are the best persimmon production in Japan, summer fruits such as plums, plums and peaches, and skewered persimmons（(Example) Yotsumizo persimmon: Completely astringent persimmon, harvest time In mid-November, it is a slightly reddish orange with a pericarp color. The fruit weighs 150 grams and has a sugar content of about 19 degrees. The flowering period is about 2 days later than that of Hiratanenashi. Female flowers are easy to reach, and male flowers grow a little as the tree ages. High parthenocarpy and fertility. The flesh is dense, not powdery and has a good taste. Excellent shelf life. The quality of dried persimmon is excellent because it is viscous and has a high sugar content. However, some coloring unevenness occurs, and the astringency is slightly inferior to that of Hiratanenashi.）and Sciadopitys verticillata that take advantage of the difference in altitude are cultivated in suitable areas. I am currently a scholar about fruiting management, which is important for growth, but I hope to be able to describe it again in the near future. Next is the creation of important soil. For deep cultivation, it seems desirable to add organic matter (soil improvement material) to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, since deep cultivation may cause root breakage, it is desirable to keep the position about 2 m away from the main trunk and go around the canopy in 3 to 5 years. Regarding fertilizer application, first of all, soil preparation such as deep cultivation and organic matter application is carried out to promote the expansion of the root area and the use of natural nutrient water, and the amount of fertilizer application is reduced by that amount, and the fertilizer does not have a rapid fertilizer effect. It seems desirable to use organic fertilizer as the main ingredient. The fertilizer is applied in the order of description, with the early harvests of “Wase Tonegaki” and “Hirataneshigaki” from late September to early October, and “Fuyugaki” from mid-October to late October to absorb the original fertilizer as efficiently as possible. I heard that early to mid-November is appropriate. Lastly, regarding irrigation, persimmons are deep-rooted but have low drought resistance, and if the change in soil dryness and humidity is large, various physiological disorders such as calyx are likely to occur, as mentioned earlier. Since the period from July to August is the period when the photosynthetic activity of leaves is the most active, it seems that it is preferable to dry the soil during this period to reduce the photosynthetic activity and suppress the fruit enlargement. In addition, since the amount of precipitation is small and the amount of transpiration is large during this period, it is easy to be damaged by drought. It seems that it is important to try to suppress the transpiration of soil moisture by using droughts and grasses. Let me introduce a little inside the jurisdiction of JA Kihoku Kawakami. On March 1, 2006, Hashimoto City, and Koyaguchi Town of Ito District were integrated to form Hashimoto City. It belongs to the Setouchi climate zone. Compared to Wakayama City, etc., the annual temperature difference is large, the climate is inland, and the amount of precipitation is relatively small. We continue to create a peaceful and bright modern garden city that is in harmony with the clear stream of the Kinokawa River and the beautiful green mountains. Improve lifestyle, education, welfare, and medical care with the recent large-scale Residential area development. Keep in mind a refreshing administrative-citizen dialogue. Realizing a town development where you can experience the blessed natural environment and the richness of harmony. Large-scale housing development on the river terrace that connects the Kongo Katsuragi Iwawaki mountain range in the north. The southern part is connected to the production area of ​​the Kii Peninsula and approaches the Kinokawa River. At the southern end is the scenic spot Tamagawa Gorge. It is famous as a town where the production of “spatula rods” by Japanese bamboo occupies more than 90% of the national share. Wakayama prefecture Traditional crafts No. 1 designated as a local industry that can be proud of in the world.etc. Kudoyama Town, Located in the northeastern part of Wakayama prefecture (Ito area). It is famous as a mountain town at the entrance of Mt. Koya. It is in contact with Koya Town, which has Mt. Koya, which was opened by the founder of the Shingon sect, Kobo Daishi. Yukimura SANADA is an ordinary name for Shigenobu SANADA in the novels and kodan storytelling that were popular in and after the Edo period. Although he is widely known as “Yukimura SANADA” due to the influence of kodan storytelling, there are no historical materials from the years when Nobushige was alive, including letters written by Nobushige himself, in which the name Yukimura is used. Because the name Yukimura spread within 100 years after Nobushige's death, it is assumed that he actually called himself Yukimura, inheriting Kataimina (taking a character from a person in the family) of Masayuki SANADA after Masayuki's death. It is said that “Sanada Juyushi,” famous as ninja of Yukimura SANADA, have their origin in the title of an omnibus of “Sasuke SARUTOBI”, a book in the “Tachikawa Bunko” series, which was based on “Sanada Sandaiki” and “Nanba senki” and lauded throughout the world in the Taisho era. The place where I spent the longest time in my life for 14 years before I left for Osaka. Exchanged ueda city（Former Sanada Town）, Nagano Prefecture as a friendship city since may in 1977. In autumn, the special product “Fuyugaki Persimmon”, which boasts the highest quality in Japan, is popular mainly in Keihanshin. However, without exception, the wave of declining birthrate and aging population is rapidly coming, and agriculture is also in short supply of successors. Since 2006, “Tourism” has been positioned as a new pillar of industry after Agriculture. Each site included in the World Heritage Site is visited by many tourists as an object of worship. kishukudoyama Sanada “Fagopyrum vulgare”, etc. 

Wakayama's specialty has a sweetness with great care. When Miscanthus sinensis blows in the wind and you can hear the footsteps of winter, there are bright red fruits that are finally harvested in the mountains of the Kinokawa basin that flows through the fruit town. It is a persimmon that boasts the largest production in Japan. Now, in the autumn Kinokawa area, the colors of persimmons and autumn colors create a brilliant scenery. Born and raised here, Kinokawa Kaki is a very delicious handmade persimmon that is made by carefully hanging vinyl sachets on each astringent persimmon and removing the astringency on the tree.

The JA Kihoku Kawakami mascot character “Kakitan” is a god who appeared on the way to Kumano Kodo Street from Mt. Koya, and was born to promote the sales of persimmon, which is a special product.

Hiratanenashi persimmon, a specialty of Koshu, Yamanashi Prefecture, has been transformed into a partially dried Japanese persimmon by rich nature and skilled producers! It is an autumn daily routine that Japanese people are looking forward to tasting this ingredient every year.

It is true that seeds have been excavated from the remains of the Jomon and Yayoi periods, but the amount seems to be increasing as the times change. After all, did continental culture come and spread as it spread? Also, it is thought that the large persimmons as they are now came from China during the Nara period. In Japan, there are persimmons that have been cultivated for more than a thousand years, and many are sung in Japanese poems and haiku poetry. Among them, Hitomaro's Mr Kakinomoto has a family relationship with Kasuga, Oyake, Awata, Ono, etc., with Ameoshitara Shihiko no Mikoto, the prince of the 5th Emperor Kosho（Empress Yosotarashi Hime）, as the ancestor, according to Kojiki. (Newly Compiled Record of Clan Names; 815 CE) states that the name of Kakimoto came from the fact that there was a persimmon tree in the family gate during the Emperor Bidatsu era. Cultivation was encouraged during the Nara period, and it seems that there were a large number of varieties that grew naturally in various parts of the Japanese archipelago except Hokkaido. Hitomaro's work may have only one tanka, but in many cases, long songs and tanka are combined, and several tanka songs are devised as a series, and the greatness of having a long composition can be felt. Also, regarding expression techniques, antithesis and makurakotoba are frequently used rhetorically, and it is impressive that the traces of elaboration and sculpture are kept in each phrase. Overseas people may also be interested in Manyoshu (8th century anthology of Japanese poetry) (689-700), which represents Japan.

【Product name】

Persimmon 'Hiratanenashi', Partially dried Japanese persimmon (Koshu specialty, Yamanashi prefecture) 

【Type】

Diospyros kaki Thunb.

【Production area】

Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture 

【Origin of the name】

It is said that what was called “Ama dried persimmon” has changed.

【Major features】

“Hiratanenashi Kaki Persimmon” : In the Shonai region of Yamagata prefecture, a farmer in Tsuruoka Town（In 1885, now; when Mr. Shigemitsu Suzuki of Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture purchased several kinds of seedlings from a merchant in Niigata and planted them, it is said that only one seedless persimmon was produced. It is said that a kind of seedless persimmon made in Niigata was mixed. “Choryo SAKAI” old man, who sensed the future of a mysterious seedless persimmon tree, cultivated seedlings and worked hard to popularize them, which produced the fruit (Shonai persimmon) that represents autumn in Shonai today. “Shonai Kaki persimmon” is not a carbon dioxide gas deastringency, but an old-fashioned manufacturing method “shonai deastringency” that emphasizes sweetness, and each one is carefully deastringent. It features a smooth texture and a rich, natural sweetness.）, Yamagata Prefecture, cultivated a mixture of saplings that could not be seeded originally among the saplings purchased from a sapling dealer in Niigata Prefecture. It is said that it spread as. Now, the log of “Shonai persimmon” (Hiratanenashi Kaki persimmon) was found in the residence of Mr. Eisaburo Kawazu of Akiha Ward (former Niitsu city) in Niigata city, Niigata prefecture, and in 1962, “Hacchin persimmon” It is designated as a cultural property（In 1931, Koda's Kawasaki family's persimmon tree is recognized as a log because it is a seedling that does not depend on grafting. It is a large tree with a height of 16 meters, a trunk circumference of 2 m, and a branching area of ​​2 al. It is said that it bears many fruits every year even though it is an old tree estimated to be about 300 years old. As the name suggests, this persimmon is characterized by its seedlessness, and is said to be the sweetest of all the persimmons because it has a lot of juice and soft meat. Sado started producing this Hacchin; Eight delicacies persimmon as a product and shipped it to Hokkaido for the first time in 1936. Currently, it is cultivated mainly in Sado as the “Okesa Kaki persimmon” brand in the prefecture, and in Niigata city, Akiha Ward and Nishikan Ward are the production areas. It is said that Koyama, who was working for the Niigata Prefectural Office at that time, was named in 1909.）of Niigata Prefecture as a log of. “Hacchin Kaki persimmon” is called “Echigo seven wonders”, which is a collection of seven rare things that are handed down in Echigo (present-day Niigata prefecture), and means that the rare persimmon without seeds is the next eight rare. It is the name given by. It is called “Hacchin” in Niigata, “Shonai persimmon” in Yamagata, and “Okesa Kaki persimmon” in Sado. It is widely known as a seedless variety that is juicy, soft, and has a strong sweetness. Let's also introduce the persimmons that have been cultivated mainly around the Kofu basin in Yamanashi prefecture since ancient times. “Koshu Hyakume” was originally called “Koshu Monme”, and it is said that it got this name because it has a size of 100 monme (= about 375 grams). It is a bell-shaped, incomplete astringent persimmon that weighs more than 500 g when it is large. It is a variety that has been cultivated in Yamanashi prefecture for a long time. It is de-astringent and eaten raw, and it is also processed into dried persimmons. Also known as “hundred eyes,” “bee shop,” and “Japanese persimmon.” Carefully peel each “Koshu Hyakume” by hand, expose it to cold air on a drying shelf, and lay it flat to make a sweet dead dew persimmon. Peel the raw persimmon carefully and dry it in the sun, dry it for about 40 days and make it the highest peak that has been prized since ancient times. When dried, the astringency is gone, and when the astringency is gone, the sweetness is felt. The culmination of the predecessor's outstanding efforts. “Yamato Hyakume”, along with “Koshu Hyakume”, is popular as a raw material for large-sized dead dew persimmons that represent Yamanashi Prefecture to this day. It is also one of the many varieties produced in the southern Alps. The history of the “Yamato Hyakume” variety is said to have started with a persimmon tree in the bamboo forest of Mr. Tezuka of Kamiimasuwa, which is close to the Nishino area. Although it is said to be a substitute for branches, the size of the fruit is larger, the number of nuclei (seed) is small, and it ripens faster than “Koshu Hyakume”. When used as a “dried persimmon”, the flesh is very smooth and tasty, and the color tends to be vivid. Mr. Mitsuaki Tezuka of the Nishino area, who was fascinated by the persimmons of this tree, took the scion from the raw wood of Suwa and made it into a sapling. Around 1918, more than 100 years ago, 50 seedlings were planted near the current Momonooka housing complex, creating a rare persimmon garden. Returning to the story, the true identity of the astringent taste is Persimmon tannin. Among various plant-derived tannins, ”persimmon tannin” is a huge molecular structure in which four types of catechins (EC, EGC, ECg, EGCg) are bonded like a chain, and many “phenolic hydroxyl groups: (-OH) ”. Tannins are considered to have antioxidant and antibacterial effects, and are a member of the well-known “polyphenol” substances in recent years. It is recognized that it has a high deodorizing effect that eliminates the malodorous component from the original (root) by chemically binding to the malodorous component and changing to another component. Moreover, it has bactericidal and antibacterial effects that repel microorganisms and viruses, suppresses the decomposition and fermentation of sweat and old keratin, and can be expected to have the effect of suppressing the generation of foul odors. Among the six major carotenoids of “α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene”, only “β-cryptoxanthin” was found to have a significant lung cancer risk reduction effect. There are several reports of new bioregulatory functions that stand out from “β-cryptoxanthin”, such as a series of reports. “Zeaxanthin”, a type of carotenoid, has the function of maintaining the amount of macular pigment in the eye, and there are reports of improving the tone of the eye by improving contrast sensitivity and protecting it from light stimuli such as blue light. “Catalase” is a heme enzyme that is widely present in the body and decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The flesh is carefully squeezed and then dried, and the flesh has a deep yellow color that looks like golden and looks very elegant and beautiful. Partially-dried Japanese persimmon: Among the dried persimmons, the water content is relatively high, and the flesh is soft and sweet. As a guideline for drying in a well-ventilated place, dry the raw persimmons to 35% or less of 100 (depending on the size and condition of the persimmons) after peeling. However, no matter how good the conditions are at home, it will be difficult to improve the quality to this state. After all, it can be done by reading the weather and using skillful techniques. The Isazawa district of Yanagawamachi, Date City, Fukushima Prefecture is a famous place in Japan as the birthplace of partially dried Japanese persimmon. The Abukuma River, which went north in the central part of the prefecture, gently flows down the Fukushima Basin (Shindatsu Basin) in the northeast direction, and before reaching the gorge at the border of Miyagi Prefecture, when the northern coast of the river opens, it carries a mountain to the north. , It is a place between the river and the mountains. Persimmons have been cultivated in this area since the Edo period, and it seems that dried persimmons have been produced since that time. It seems that the persimmon tree was planted in Isazawa from 1751 to 1763. In the Edo period, Isazawa was called Kamiisazawa in the western half and Shimoisazawa in the eastern half. There is a person named Shichiemon in a cluster called Mine in Kamiisazawa, and it is said that this person brought a persimmon tree from somewhere and planted it, which was named Shichiemon persimmon here. Agriculture is the main industry in the region, and rice and sericulture are the main industries. Sericulture has been practiced for a long time, but I heard that there was a village headman and a village head who made a fortune, especially in the Edo period. It seems that it was shipped to Kyoto, Osaka and Edo under the brand Nobose thread. In the late Edo period, a breakthrough technological innovation in Yanagawa, Date District, led to the completion of warm-up education, and it seems that mass production of high-quality raw silk became possible. Of the 250,000 silk moth seed papers produced nationwide in the latter half of the Edo period, 180,000 are from the Shindatsu region (currently Date City, Date District, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture). Isazawa, which was a village next to Yanagawa, was also very active in sericulture, and it seems that the economy was booming from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji era. Even if it snowed, the peak period of shipment was not the off-season, and it seems that Date City tended to have few migrant workers thanks to the partially dried Japanese persimmon. Since it is a special product, it is less likely to lose its price than ordinary agricultural products such as vegetables and fruit trees, and I hear that it is a valuable stable income for producers. In the area, the climate with moderate amount of sunshine and large temperature difference may be suitable for persimmon cultivation. Although it could not be made during the Pacific War, it grew to represent the dried persimmon producing areas nationwide during the period of high economic growth, and played an important role in the former Isazawa village, then in Yanagawa town, and in Date city. I've done it. Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture merged with Enzan City, Katsunuma Town, Higashiyamanashi County, and Yamato Village on November 1, 2005. Also known as “Kai no Kuni”, “Concerning municipalities which changed characters for names and adopted old provincial names virtually, there are Mutsu City (Aomori Prefecture), Iwaki City (Fukushima Prefecture), Sanuki City (Kagawa Prefecture), Oushu City ( Iwate Prefecture), and Koshu City.” Located on the east side of the Kofu basin, The South Alps cover an area of ​​over 300,000 hectares across Yamanashi, Nagano and Shizuoka Prefectures. Hokuto City): Designated date, November 29, 1993, Located in the southern foothill of Yatsugatake, Henmi manor had Henmi-no-maki, a livestock grazing land for ancient officials, spreading in the area, and Kiyomitsu-Ko settled in present Seikoji Temple area (Nagasaka-cho, Hokuto City) (alleged otherwise to be located at Wakamiko, Sudama-cho, Hokuto City) and built Yato Castle (Oizumi Village, Hokuto City, Yamanashi Prefecture) as tsume-no-shiro, a retreat and backup It is a suitable place for cultivating “FRUITS” surrounded by lush mountains such as castle.). 武田信玄公の菩提寺として, 名高い「恵林寺（His family temple was the Erin-ji Temple in Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture.）」, 子の勝頼（四郎）公の菩提寺である「景徳院」, 風林火山（During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, which was about 200 years earlier than the period of Shingen, the banner was used by Akiie KITABATAKE as a Jinki (the flag for a camp) containing the emblem, Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan. Akiie KITABATAKE-Ko used this emblem on his flag and fought against Takauji ASHIKAGA-Ko until Takauji at one time was driven to take his own life in an instant. “Shingen TAKEDA” was not the first to use the battle flag of Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan.）で, お馴染みの「孫子の旗; 兵法（The Art of War (military text by Sun Tzu, 512 BCE): Dou XIN said, the Art of War by Tzu SUN tells us that an obstinate attitude leads a small army to being captured by a large army. If the small army fiercely fights against the large army without considering the deference of their fighting strength, it will end up being captured. It is not a perfect plan to force tired soldiers to fight against the enemy that is increasing in number. We should withdraw. “The art of warfare of Sonshi (Chinese books about tactics) in the ancient China is famous in Japan, too. Hatajirushi: A flag of Sonshi (also known as a flag of Fu-Rin-Ka-Zan which literally means “Wind, Forest, Fire, and Mountain,” which was the motto of the feudal lord Shingen TAKEDA, quoted from Sonshi (Chinese books about tactics), meaning “swift as the wind, quiet as a wood, fierce as fire, and immovable as a mountain.”), a flag of Suwa Myojin (The Suwa Deity) ）」や, 日本最古の「日の丸御旗（flag with a red circle on a white background）」を所蔵する「雲峰寺（臨済宗妙心寺派-裂石山,（関連; 影武者: 黒澤明 監督, 大菩薩峠: 中里介山（弥之助）氏）」, 武田家代々の家督の印とされる国宝「楯無鎧」を預かる「菅田天神社」（Tatenashi (no shield) (Kanda-tenjinja Shrine) – handed down from the Takeda clan.）There are many shrines and temples closely related to the Takeda family. The major cultivars of astringent persimmons used for Hoshigaki include Ichidagaki persimmon (from Inadani（Ina Basin）, Nagano Prefecture), Beni Kaki persimmon (originally from Kaminoyama City, Yamagata Prefecture), Dojo-Hachiya Kaki persimmon

(originally from Mino area, Gifu Prefecture), Sanja Kaki persimmon (Fukumitsu Town, Toyama Prefecture) and “Koshu-Hyakume（甲州百目（匁））”. The results of research show that people have lived in the land of Yamanashi prefecture for about 30,000 years. In the 12th century, Kai Genji emerged, and in the Warring States period of the 16th century, “Shingen TAKADA” dominated the unification of the world. When the seclusion was lifted in the 19th century, it changed from Kofu to “Yamanashi” in the first year of the Meiji era, and continues to the present day with rapid modernization. I love Yamanashi prefecture. “Yamanashi's complex fruit tree system adapted to the basin: Yamanashi Prefecture Goto area (Fuebuki City, Yamanashi City, Koshu City” March 2017, Japan Agricultural Heritage Certification (Food and Agriculture Organization: FAO (established in 1945). A UN specialized agency in the fields of food and agriculture, forestry and fisheries. (Japan joined in 1951), Associate Member States and the European Union (EU). Formulation of international rules in the field of agriculture, forestry and fisheries for the purpose of developing the world economy and freeing humankind from starvation. Information gathering, transmission, analysis, preparation of statistical data, provision of a forum for international consultation, technical advice to developing countries, technical cooperation, etc.): Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan): A system in which the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries certifies areas in Japan that operate important and traditional agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Saito area; With more than 300 varieties, it serves as a storehouse for Japanese fruit varieties. Toward World Agricultural Heritage Certification (2019 (October 8, 2019)): Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems; FAO, 2002: Biodiversity Sustainable agriculture (There is an urgent need to advance research and development efforts to respond to the improvement of the food self) and Sustainable agriculture (There is an urgent need to advance research and development efforts to respond to the improvement of the food self) -sufficiency rate): geographical indications: GI mark etc.

It is said that the dictation of Masanobu Kosaka, a military commander who served as an aide to Shingen, was written down by Masanobu's man, Soujiro Kasuga, and edited by Kagenori OBATA（It seems that he absconding in 1595 and traveled around the world to learn military art. He later belonged to the East Army of the Naomasa Ii Army and challenged the Battle of Sekigahara.）in the Edo period. The “Koyo Gunkan” (record of the military exploits of the Takeda family). I heard that it was made by It consists of a main volume consisting of 20 volumes and the final volume of the upper and lower volumes. Up to 18 volumes are mainly Shingen's achievements, and the remaining 2 volumes are mainly Katsuyori's achievements. The history of the Takeda clan's battle from Shingen to Katsuyori, family law, military law, and the customs and attitudes of the Koshu samurai are described in detail. Time changed, the Edo Shogunate was opened, and it seems that it was read carefully by the samurai of the Edo period. It was used to inspire and discipline oneself. It is a fact that while making the image of the samurai depicted as an ideal image, he sought out what the samurai should be in a peaceful world and elaborated the world-class spiritual culture of Bushido. What is talked about is martial arts on the battlefield, having dauntless courage work and inseparable. However, instead of a world without war, our close ancestors not only act as warriors, but also as officials of the public administrative organizations (shogunate government and clan) that govern the territory, thereby taking on a new social role. I will find out. That is, the functions of security and police, the creation of laws, the development of a court system, and enlightenment activities. These are samurai-like roles, but they are not limited to the development of transportation infrastructure such as the restoration of roads and bridges, hydraulic irrigation, newly reclaimed rice field development, cultivated land improvement, fire prevention and disaster prevention, disaster recovery, etc. It will also be responsible for fields such as breeding industry, hospitals and pharmaceutical affairs. It is conspicuous that he deceives people, thinks only about his own interests every day, forgets etiquette, and loses his respect for others. As a patriot with a global perspective, Inazo Nitobe (establishment of the foundation of Taiwan's sugar industry, proposal to eliminate racial discrimination, etc., 1862-1933) always considers Japan's prosperity, friendship between Japan and the United States, and world peace. Continued to send out with the aim of realizing. His life may be due to his respect for the good old the Soul of Japan, which values ​​duty, honor and homeland. He is an agricultural scholar and educator from Iwate prefecture, and has served as Deputy Secretary-General of the International Federation, President of Tokyo Woman's Christian University, and Professor of Agriculture, Tokyo Imperial University. It seems that the old samurai valued righteousness and were ashamed to move on the profit and loss account and calculation.

Contributed to Hakubunkan “Taiyo” Vol. 1, No. 5 on May 5, 1895. From “Yuku Kumo”, a work by Ichiyo (Ms. Natsuko) in his later years (23 years old). Lamenting her self and her future without her freedom, he sent her thoughts to her, who resembled her life, not because she entrusted her hope to escape from her destiny. However, without her illusion, she gives up on her reality and does not respond, and her pondered love chills over time and returns to her reality. I miss the loneliness of tearing like a cloud. My adaptive family (adopted child of a sake brewery) is Nakahagihara in Ofuji Village, and as far as I can see, Mt. Tenmokuzan（Tano at the southern foot of the mountain is where Katsuyori-Ko suicided）it shows a blemishes, it's cold in the winter without hesitation, and the fish and the fish and the fish take the Gori（19.6364 km）road to Kofu, and the sliced ​​raw fish of the tuna is finally in the mouth. Higuchi entered the Haginoya coaching school of Utako Nakajima at the age of 15 and learned waka poetry from the Keien school (represented by Kageki Kagawa (1768-1843), a poet in the late Edo period). His father died in the year, and he decided to become a professional writer in order to support the family's livelihood as a female poet. She is said to have been inspired by the fact that Kaho, who belongs to the same school, announced her “Yabu no Uguisu” and was welcomed by the literal circles. In 1891, she hit the gate of the exclusive writer Nakarai of “Tokyo Asahi Shimbun” and asked for guidance on novel production, and the following year she published her maiden work “Yamizakura” in the first magazine “Musashino” run by Tosui. In 1893, recognizing the difficulty of using the novel as a livelihood, he moved from Hongo Kikuzaka Town to Shitaya Ryusenji Town, which borders the Yoshiwara red-light district, and opened a general store. However, he went to Edo at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, and although his father became a status of samurai and became concentric, he became an official working for the Tokyo prefectural government at the time of the Meiji Restoration, and was also engaged in the financial and real estate businesses at the same time.

【Product name】

Shine Muscat

【Type】

Vitis L.

【Production area and jurisdiction】

Yamanashi City, Yamanashi Prefecture Koshu City Fuefuki City Kasugai Area (excluding Shizume, Ko, Tokujo District)（JA Fruit Yamanashi）

【Origin of the name】

Muscat comes from “musk” and means the strength and splendor of the scent. Also, when the color is ripe, it is close to yellowish green, so it shines.

【Major features】

“Shine Muscat”: A large, good-tasting diploid grape grown by crossing “Grape Akitsu No. 21” (Stuben × Muscat of Alexandria) with “White South”. The skin color is yellowish green, the flesh is disintegrating and hard, and the scent is Muscat scent. It is a new variety that was registered in 2006 as a new variety, which was born in the Fruit Tree Tea Industry Research Division of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. It's been only 15 years since it first appeared on the market. Since 2014, the cultivation area has become the fourth largest among grape varieties, and its popularity is rapidly expanding nationwide. It is a beautiful yellow-green large grape that can be produced without seeds. It has a sweet and muscat scent, and its high quality is attracting attention, as it has a thin skin and an excellent texture that can be eaten together with the skin and crumbles in the mouth. In addition, it has excellent characteristics that farmers can cultivate with peace of mind, such as easy cultivation and good storage of harvested grapes. It is a yellowish green that matures at about the same time as Kyoho. It is weak against Elsinoe ampelina, but has a certain resistance to downy mildew (Peronosporaceae: It is a water-type biotrophic phytopathogen containing 21 genera including more than 600 species. Parasitic on host plants as intercellular mycelium using Haustoria to invade host cells.) and strong resistance to downy mildew. Cold resistance is evaluated as Kyoho. The trees are strong and the yield seems to be higher than that of Kyoho. The grain weight varies depending on the cultivation method, but it seems that it can be cultivated to about 13g. It is easy to chew (disintegrate), has a hard meat quality, and has a high sugar content of 18% or more. The acid content is as low as 0.3-0.4g / 100 ml, and the aroma is Muscat aroma. In seedless cultivation, it is a little difficult to peel, but the skin is not thick and there is no astringency, so you can eat the whole skin. Like Kyoho, it generally does not split. It is harder to shed than Kyoho and tends to last longer. It seems that it can be produced as seedless grapes by spraying 200 ppm of streptomycin before flowering and dipping in inflorescence (fruit bunch) of 25 ppm of gibberellin at full bloom and 10 to 15 days after full bloom. Use about 4 cm at the tip of the spike. I heard that it is effective to add Fulmet solution at the time of the first gibberellin treatment to stabilize the grain formation. In an unheated house, seedless treatment (hormone treatment) on the lower 3.5 cm results in a triple bunch of grapes 10 cm long. Muscat, one of the representatives of historic fruits, is said to have loved Cleopatra. However, in Japan, where it rains heavily, it is difficult to grow European grapes such as Muscat, and the reality is that so-called Muscat-scented grapes have not been cultivated very often. It is a well-known fact that even when crossed with American grapes suitable for cultivation in Japan, the scent is generally peculiar to American grapes (similar to Kyoho and Campbell Early) and not the scent peculiar to Muscat. Meanwhile, “Shine Muscat” was cultivated by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization over a period of about 30 years. It is growing rapidly as an epoch-making variety that can be cultivated in the open field in Japan while having the characteristics of European grapes that have a firm chewy muscat scent. Since it was registered as a variety in 2006, it has been attracting attention not only from grape farmers but also from consumers because of its deliciousness and ease of growing. However, because it was not supposed to be exported, the variety was not registered outside Japan. The International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants stipulates that fruit varieties registered outside the country should be registered within a certain period of time (6 years for grapes) after registration in the country, so the application was submitted in 2012. The deadline has passed. For this reason, there is a reality that it is legally cultivated outside Japan without the need for permission from Japan. The UPOV Convention stipulates basic principles such as protection conditions and contents of new varieties, minimum protection period, and preferential treatment for nationals. It was adopted in Paris, France in 1961, came into effect in 1968, and was significantly revised in 1978 and 1991. With the adoption of the new treaty draft at the treaty revision diplomatic conference, it is necessary to revise the relevant domestic laws corresponding to the treaty, and it is also reported that the seedling law revision bill will be submitted. Biotechnology has made dramatic progress in recent years, and is expected to become a core field of technological innovation in the 21st century, and the reputation of progress in Japan is rapidly increasing internationally. And it goes without saying that guaranteeing the rights of breeders is indispensable for sustaining this progress. In the past, it was repeatedly emphasized at the Diet deliberations related to the UPOV Convention and variety registration that the relationship between intellectual property rights and variety registration should be smoothly adjusted to avoid the harmful effects of dual administration. Not always satisfactory. It is an urgent task to summarize the conventional process at the opportunity of the revision of the UPOV Convention, clarify the goal, sort out the problems, and find the direction of the solution. Japanese politician. October 4, 1991, Submission Question No. 11, Question on the Protection of New Plant Species Proceedings, Submitter: Masao Yoshida. Former member of the House of Representatives of the Japan Socialist Party (1st term) and member of the House of Councilors (1st term). Only the minimum agreements in each country are stipulated, and breeders'rights (breeders' rights protected by the Seedling Law) must be acquired in each country. In other words, it does not mean that breeders' rights can be acquired internationally in a lump sum. Two years ago, in 2019, it was an international treaty to protect new seedlings, and 75 countries including Japan are members. Although many countries are members in Europe, the main member countries in Asia are Japan, China, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Agriculture has multiple functions such as national land, environmental conservation, and living environment as well as food supply. Looking only at the food supply aspect, it is possible to improve productivity by using chemical fertilizers and chemically synthesized pesticides. However, if too much chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used for that purpose, soil and rivers may be polluted and the ecosystem balance may be disturbed. It is certain that it can go around and adversely affect human health. “Environmental conservation type agriculture” is a sustainable agriculture that takes advantage of the material circulation function of agriculture, paying attention to harmony with productivity, and reducing the environmental load by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides through soil preparation. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can pollute the land and destroy the ecosystem. It is good to plant cover crops (green manure) during the period when the crops are not cultivated for sustainable agricultural production in harmony with the environment. “Conservation Oriented Agriculture” : Organic farming, natural farming, alternative farming, low-input sustainable farming, etc. are included, but from the strictest standpoint of pesticide-free and chemical-free fertilizer cultivation, the use of chemical materials is not permitted at all. , There is a range to the position of reduced chemical fertilizer. The national government enacted the Sustainable Agriculture Law in 1999 to provide support by lending agricultural improvement funds to certified farmers and providing special measures for taxation of agricultural machinery. In addition, the law states that “agricultural production method with high sustainability” is “a rational agricultural production method that is recognized as contributing to the maintenance and promotion of the productivity of agricultural land derived from the nature of soil and other favorable farming environments.” Defined, specifically, technology related to the application of organic materials such as compost that has a high soil improvement effect, technology related to the application of fertilizer that has a high effect of reducing the application of chemically synthesized fertilizers, control of weeds and pests, etc. Among the technologies related to this, the ones that are highly effective in reducing the use of chemically synthesized pesticides are listed. GAP is an acronym for Good Agricultural Practice, which is usually translated as Good Agricultural Practice or Agricultural Production Process Management. GAP is like ISO (International Standard) and means the norms of production process control and hygiene control such as whether pesticides are used correctly, safe fertilizers are used, and they are washed with clean water. In addition, an agricultural management entity recognized as having cleared these norms by examination by a third-party organization can obtain GAP certification. Since GAP is a norm for process control, it is expected to have the effect of preventing problems and facilitating the investigation of the cause, compared to conventional result control. Now, let me introduce you to the climate and climate of Yamanashi. The shape of Yamanashi Prefecture is generally circular, with a length of about 90 km from east to west and north to south, and a total area of ​​4,465 km2. Except for the central Kofu basin, there are very few flat areas, and about 86% of the total area is mountainous. From the north to the east, the Kanto Mountains including Mt. Kobushi are connected, the Doshi Mountains and Misaka Mountains are connected to the south, the Akaishi Mountains to the west, and the steep mountains represented by Mt. Fuji in the south. The river basins in the prefecture are roughly divided into three first-class water systems, the Fuji River basin, the Sagami River basin, and the Tama River basin, which flow down from these mountains, and three second-class water systems, including Lake Motosu. It is located in the southern part of Fossa Magna (Shizuoka-Itoigawa Tectonic Line), and many fault branch lines are distributed around it. The oldest strata are the Shimanto Group, which was deposited from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic Paleogene, and is distributed in the Southern Alps and the Kanto Mountains, and is subjected to severe folds. The next deposit was the Miocene Miocene Group of the Cenozoic Tertiary, which is mainly composed of green tuffs and is distributed in the Misaka Mountains and the Koma Mountains. Subsequently, from the Miocene to the Pliocene of the Cenozoic Era, the Fuji River Group centered on mudstone, sandstone, and conglomerate was deposited in the Gonan area. All of these are marine strata, and are fragile geology that is prone to collapse and landslides due to structural movements that accompany landing after formation. From the central part to the northern part of the prefecture, plutonic rocks (granite), which are thought to have invaded in the Tertiary period, are widely distributed. From the end of the Cenozoic III to the Quaternary, Mizugamori volcano, Kurofuji volcano, and Yatsugatake volcano are active one after another in the northern part of the Kofu basin, and these volcanic ejecta are deposited over plutonic rocks. The sediments in the Kofu basin are characterized by a predominant gravel layer and a small clay layer, indicating that the relative ground movements of the subsidence of the Kofu basin and the uplift of the surrounding mountains were intense. The climate is generally inland because it is surrounded by mountains, and there is a lot of rainfall in the summer, which is affected by the rainy season and typhoons. However, due to its complex terrain, its characteristics differ from region to region. I heard that the average temperature in Kofu is 15 degrees Celsius and the annual rainfall is 1,165.8 mm. Midai River hydraulic engineering business: The history of flood damage is old, and it is said that “Yamato Takeru no Mikoto was hit by flood damage at the time of the eastern expedition.” Is famous for having done. Shingen Takeda-Ko became the landlord of Kai at the age of 21 in 1541, but the following year, the Miteshi River flooded and the Kofu Basin became a riverbank. Having witnessed this, he felt the need for a hydraulic control project, and carried out hydraulic control work such as shogi heads and stone unloading, including the Shingen-Ko embankment, in an effort to enhance domestic affairs. These construction methods are said to be the ancestors of river and sabo engineering in Japan and are called the “Koshu Style River Defense Method”. At the top of the alluvial fan (Komaba, Minami-Alps City), Namoto was also built in a gantry pattern, and the flow was directed to the northeast. In Arino, Minami-Alps, a masonry embankment called Shogi-to was built to divide the torrent. About 500 m downstream, the water was split again by a shogi head to weaken the water force, and then joined the tributary Wappazawa. The somewhat weakened water force was merged with the Kamanashi River (Fuji River) and struck toward the high rocks on the opposite bank. Downstream to Takaiwa, a flat land extends from Ryuo Town to Kofu City, so a Shingen-Ko embankment was built to protect this. The earlier Midai River（Originating at Karamatsu Pass (GL = 1,650 m), which is connected to the Alps mountain range, it flows down Ashiyasu (formerly Ashiyasu Village) in Minami Alps from west to east and flows into the Kamanashi River (Fuji River). It is a 18.8 km first-class river. In the lower reaches, the Miteshigawa alluvial fan, which is known as one of Japan's three major alluvial fans, spreads, and one side of fruit tree farmland spreads out. On the other hand, in the mountains in the upper reaches, it seems that the mountain stream forms a V-shaped valley and has a steep mountain stream with a slope of January 10 or more.）, which diverged upstream, was merged with the water that bounced off the Takaiwa, and the water was controlled by the water so that the water could flow through the center of the river. Landslide that occurred in 2000 (Yumura district, Kofu city): It occurs prominently in the geology of the Neogene Miocene, and is characterized by being deeply involved in the tectonic line. The distribution area is concentrated in the middle basin of the Fuji River from Nishiyatsushiro District to Minamikoma District and the Tsurukawa River-Katsura River basin from Kitatsuru District to Otsuki City. The landslide prevention area is an area designated based on the “Landslide Prevention Law（1958 Law No. 30）”, and it seems that the act of inducing and promoting landslides is prohibited in this area as in the case of sabo designated areas. Mt. Fuji is a volcano that has grown through repeated large eruptions in the past. In recent years, it has been in a calm state, and the recent eruption dates back to the 1707 Hoei eruption in the middle of the Edo period, about 300 years ago. The life of a volcano is long, and the rest period of about 300 years is only a moment for the volcano, and it is possible that it will erupt in the near future. From October 2000 to February 2001, there were many “Low Frequency Earthquakes” on Mt. Fuji, which are thought to be caused by the movement of magma beneath Mt. Fuji. This indicates that Mt. Fuji is a living volcano, and it can be considered that the sleeping Mt. Fuji is in a rough state. However, since February 2001, the number of low-frequency earthquakes has decreased, and there seems to be no sign of an eruption so far, but peace of mind is forbidden. It is known that people have lived in the land of Yamanashi prefecture for about 30,000 years. Kai Genji was born in the 12th century, and Shingen Takeda-Ko aimed to unify the world during the Warring States period in the 16th century. When the seclusion was lifted in the 19th century, it changed from Kofu to Yamanashi in the first year of the Meiji era, and has been rapidly modernized to the present day. It has been about 30,000 years ago that people's activities have been recognized on the earth. The primitive society progresses from the stage of hunting, catching fish, and collecting nuts to the stage of rice cultivation, and the unevenness is integrated to form a country. From the end of the 4th century, the Daimaruyama Tomb and the Saikozuka / Maruyamazuka Tomb were built, and it is speculated that a large force existed in the Sone Hill Hills in the Nakamichi district of Kofu City. Yamanashi in the 8th century is called Kai Province and consists of 4 groups of “Yamanashi, Yashiro, Kokuma, Tsuru”. , It is said that it was near Ichinomiya Town. In the 12th century, the system of the ancient nation by the Kuge fluctuated, and it was the samurai who emerged from it. Around 1131, Minamoto no Yoshikiyo-Ko and Kiyomitsu-Ko's parents and children entered Kai Province and came to Kai Genji. Among Mr. Kai Genji, Mr. Takeda, Mr. Ogasawara, and Mr. Nanbu prospered until posterity. In the 16th century, Mr. Takeda developed as a warring lord, built the Tsutsuji-gasakikan and the castle in Kofu, and based on this, proceeded with the four neighboring routes, aiming to unify the world. When Mr. Takeda was destroyed in 1582, the rule of Kai Province was transferred to Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa, and the Kofu Domain (Kunichu) and the Yamura Domain (Gunuchiho) were established under the Edo Shogunate, but in 1724 the Shogunate was established. It will be under direct control. The development of Koshu Kaido and Fuji River shipping promoted the distribution of goods and the influx of culture. In the 19th century, due to the contradiction of the shogunate system, a lot of riots occurred in various places, and the Tenpo riot（It originated in the Gunuchiho district (Tsuru) in the eastern part of Kai, and spread to the Kuninaka district, causing a nation-wide turmoil. Also known as the Gunuchiho riot, Kai whole country riot, and Koshu riot. Kai Province was made into an imperial fief in 1724, and was controlled by the Kofu duty number and the third daikan who had jurisdiction over the town of Kofu. In the Kuninaka region, which embraces the Kofu basin, the development of newly reclaimed rice fields progressed in the modern era and became a breadbasket. , Was sent to Edo through Fujikawa Ship Transport. On the other hand, since there is little cultivated land in the Gunuchiho region, which is a mountainous area, there is a strong dependence on inter-farm work such as mountain earning and production of Gunuchiho, and the necessary rice grains are from all over the country, Sagami Province, and Suruga Province. I relied on imports. During the Kansei era, Kofu wholesaler friends weakened, rice dealers in Kajikazawa inn (currently Kajikazawa, Fujikawa-cho) bought up and the number of rice grains exported as rice was increased, and merchants purchasing from Shinano also advanced, so the rice price There was a soaring price. In the middle of the night of August 17, 1836, a farmer in Shitatani Village broke the rice storehouse in Yamura Village, which started the turmoil. Yamura Village is loved by Tanimura Daikansho, a business trip camp of Ishiwa magistrate's office, but Sanai Hashimoto-Ko, a former clerk, is absent. The villages are cracked down and collected. On the other hand, at the same time as the destruction in Tanimura, Takeshichi (Mr. Jizaemon) in Shimowada Village, Tsuru District (Nanahomachi, Otsuki City), and Inume Village (Inume, Uenohara City) in the same county, Torizawa Village (Inume, Uenohara City) When they joined in (Otsuki City), they planned a strong appeal for a reduction in rice prices and became the head of the riot. In addition, Dr. Taijun, the village head of Kuronota Village (Kuronoda, Sasago Town, Otsuki City), drafted the platform. Mr. Takeshichi was 70 years old at the time of Tenpo 7th year. His family of five had a height of Rokuto Ichiishi, but it gradually decreased and he was engaged in a quiet business. He also said that he was a boss who followed uninhabited and unreliable people. Mr. Hyo（Hei）suke was 40 years old in 1836. His surname is Mr. Mizukoshi and he is a family of three. He runs a Edo period lodging for travellers at Inume-inn. His name is “Paddy shop”. The management of the paddy shop has deteriorated since its predecessor, and Mr. Hyosuke has issued a divorce letter to his wife during the uprising. The trends after the turmoil of both Takeshichi and Hyosuke will be described later. Mr. Takeshichi and Mr. Hyosuke borrowed and lent rice and gold from “Unsuitable People” for the relief of the poor on a five-year basis, and were represented by the Kuninaka Village (Kasugai Town, Fuefuki City) and Mr. Okuuemon family. The plan is to have wealthy farmers in the country stop buying rice and release rice grains into the county. Mr. Okuuemon Okugawa of Kumanodo Village is a grain dealer who sells rice grains to the county, and it is said that he bought up rice grains during the Tenmei famine and was recognized as the cause of the soaring rice prices in the county. When both of them urged the gathering of the peasants in the county and led the county, they set out for the whole country targeting Okuuemon in Kumano-do Village, Manriki-suji, Yamanashi District, and smashed them all over the road. I returned to the village when I destroyed the house of Emon. Initially, the Gunuchiho were led by Mr. Takeshichi and Mr. Hyosuke, and were engaged in activities in accordance with the manners of revolt. Intensify and disorder. When the Chusei, led by the non-residents, separated from the Gunuchiho, they became mobs, armed with guns and bamboo spears, and deviated from theft and fire, forcing the villages to participate in the rebellion. When the national forces attacked Isawa-juku (Isawa Town, Fuefuki City) on August 22, they broke up into two, one heading from Koshu-dochu to Kofu Town (Kofu City), and the other heading south along the Fuefuki River. On August 23, the following day, the rebellion that proceeded along the Koshu road broke into the castle of Kofu when it broke through the defense battles of Kofu duty number Nagami Isenokami-Ko, Kofu deputy officer, Inoue Juzaemon's hand, and so on. He broke the mansion of the grain brokers and the virtuous people, and also set fire. The rebellion that destroyed the castle of Kofu was further divided into two, and one move proceeded from Enkoji Village to Saijo Village (Showa Town) in Naka District, Koma County, continued to destroy Iida Shinmachi from Nishiaonuma Town, and Kitayama, Koma County via Arakawa. I proceeded to Kamiishida Town (Kofu City), Nishiyahata Village / Ryuo Village (Nishiyahata / Ryuo, Kai City), and when I smashed and ignited, I continued to smash at the Fuebuki River without crossing the Kamanashi River. On the other hand, one move south of Tokoji Village was partially arrested by the pursuit of Kofu taking turns on duty (esp. daimyo's retainers on duty in Edo) Nagami Isenokami-Ko, and this was also divided into two moves in Nakagunsuji Otoguro Village. One went to Otawa Village, Naka District, and the other went to Saijo Village. When the turmoil broke down in Naka District Sujifuse Town and Imafuku-mura, they joined in Otawa Village Magome, crossed the Fuefuki River, passed through Yashiro District Nishi District Ueno Town (Ichikawamisato-cho), and Ichikawadaimon where Ichikawa cantonment exists. Reach the village. Tetsugoro Yamaguchi-Ko, Daikanyama Ichikawa, is in a sickbed, and the command of the suppression was done by Jinzaemon Takashima-Ko, but he moved out before many people. It is said that the turmoil was also destroyed in Ichikawadaimon Village, and Kyubei, the president of Kami-yui, was a blank gun but threatened with the gun he brought, forcing him to mobilize to participate in the turmoil. The turmoil further broke down at Kajikazawa inn when going south on the Surshu return, but after that, it returned to the north and went north at Nishigunsuji Aoyagi inn, Saishoji village, Tenjin Nakajo village, Nagasawa village (Fujikawa town). Continued to break down and reached Nishi-gun muscle Kajikazawa inn. At Ogisawa-juku, the villagers counterattacked, but the turmoil further crossed the Yamaguchi station from Nirasaki-juku to Nishi-Otakegawa-mura (Hakushu Town, Hokuto City) and reached the vicinity of the Koshin border. On August 23, Kofu working number Nagami Isenokami-Ko and Kofu Edo-period prefectural governor (magistrate,bailiff)

Juzaemon Inoue-Ko, who allowed the destruction in Kofu town, requested the Suwa domain of Shinano Province to send troops, and slaughtered all the villages in Kuninaka. The villages in the Kofu Basin, which received the news of the destruction, collect information independently and work for defense. In addition, there were some who actively participated in the suppression of the turmoil, such as the masters of Mt. Ontake Kanazakura Shrine. The Shinano Suwa clan dispatched clan soldiers during the 24th, but when it was confirmed that the county's return to the village and the turmoil had subsided, he visited Kofu on the 28th and returned to Shinano. The Shogunate has also ordered the Numazu Domain of Suruga Province and the Takato Domain of Shinano to dispatch troops, but both domains have withdrawn shortly after confirming the suppression of the turmoil. Hidetatsu Egawa (Tarozaemon)-Ko, who has jurisdiction over the territories of Izu, Suruga, Musashi, and Sagami provinces, is also working to collect information about the turmoil. Egawa learned of the turmoil when he returned to Nirayama Daikansho after finishing the village of Suruga in Izu in August 7th, when the turmoil occurred. He is heading to Kai with Yakuro Saito-Ko and others. Egawa-Ko returned in August when he learned of the suppression of the turmoil from Kofu's deputy officer, Tozaemon Inoue-Ko, on September 3. After the turmoil has subsided, the Shogunate will dispatch a scrutiny officer to investigate at the Ishiwa magistrate's office. Mr. Takeshichi and Mr. Hyosuke, who became the leaders of the uprising in the county, left the riot after destroying Okuuemon-Ko's house and returned to the village, but Mr. Takeshichi was guilty and self-confessed and was arrested. Mr. Takeshichi is decided to be crucifixed at Isawa-juku (Isawa Town, Fuefuki City), but he is dead in prison. On the other hand, Hyosuke has escaped from Kai and is wandering from Kanto to Hokuriku, Kinai, Shikoku, and China. A travel diary still exists in Hyosuke, and before 10 years of Tenpo, he returned to Inume Village, took his family to Kisarazu, Awa Province (Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture), changed his surname to Nara, and changed his name to Terakoya. Is said to have run. According to interviews with the sectarians' book and descendants of Hossho-ji Temple in Inume, Uenohara City, the Hyosuke family returned from Anbo to Kai before the 5th year of Ansei (1858), and Hyosuke died during the Keio era.）occurred in Yamanashi prefecture. Around this time, Japan began to break the isolation and become a modern nation under the pressure of Western countries. After entering Kofu Castle in March 1868, Koshu became Yamanashi Prefecture on November 20, 1868, after passing through Kai Province and Kofu Prefecture. In the first half of the Meiji era, the silk reeling industry and the wine brewing industry will be fostered by the Fujimura Prefectural Ordinance's solicitation policy. In the second half, the Chuo Line will open and industry and culture will develop. Farmers have a high rate of crofting, and there are many crofting disputes from the Taisho era to the Showa era. Fujikawa boating declined sharply due to the opening of the Chuo Line, and its history closed in the early Showa period when the Minobu Line opened. In 1945, the end of the war was reached, and after the war, the land reform led to a system centered on self-produced farming, and the subsequent agricultural management was significantly converted to fruit trees. Commerce and industry developed during the period of high economic miracle. Last but not least, JA Fruit Yamanashi has the highest production of grapes in Japan and is made with great care of various varieties of grapes. In addition, fruit trees such as peaches and cherries are also actively cultivated, and more than 3,500 producers of fruits are engaged in JA as a whole. It is one of the largest fruit tree producing areas in Yamanashi, the fruit kingdom, and accounts for more than 40% of the production in the prefecture.

Sasebo is famous as a town that was born and grew with the construction of a military port. A place with a good natural port suitable for it is surrounded by steep rocky mountains and has few flat areas, which is a characteristic of the topography, and Nagasaki and Sasebo can be said to be representatives. In the war between Japan and Russia, it became a gathering place for the Combined Fleet, and the commander of the navy base was Heihachiro Togo（Born in Kajiya, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima Prefecture, 1848-1934）, who later became the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, Mitsumasa Yonai（Born in Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, 1880-1948）, who became Prime Minister, and other heavyweights of the Imperial Japanese Navy. During the Pacific War, it prospered more and more as a naval city crowded with military ports and shipyards. It is a well-known fact that Sasebo became a base for overseas salvage vessels immediately after the end of the war. Withdrawals from overseas and Uragashira on Hario Island due to the end of the war also landed from mainland China and the Southern Islands. Currently, this place is being maintained as a memorial peace park. After that, it developed as a peace industry port city, and after going through “shipbuilding” and “coal mine”, it is now energizing the Kyushu region as the center of the commercial service industry in the northern region of the prefecture along with the manufacturing industry.

The selection of the 157th Akutagawa Prize and Naoki Prize (sponsored by the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Literature) was held on July 19, 2017. “Moon waxing and waning” (Iwanami Shoten) by novelist Shogo Sato (Mr. Kanetaka), who lives in Sasebo City, has been selected as a prestigious award-winning work for the Naoki Sanjugo Award. In front of me is a little 7-year-old girl, who is actually my deceased child, now my deceased lover, now my deceased wife, and if not, who is this child? A story of a strange love that one girl and three boys are born from the overlap of 30 years of life. I will die a little as a suicide note. He talks about himself as trying to die, and maybe he will be reborn as a different person from death, and a chain reaction of dying and being reborn like the moon. Leave the word to the man. After a while, the woman died in a train accident, but he continued to believe in the woman's last words and Struggling. If you are reincarnated, what do you want to be? 輪廻転生: Even if you die, you will be reborn as a new body. The fact that this reincarnation story is still widely supported and worshiped in countries around the world in modern society. Reincarnation is thought to be related to bad deeds during life, and accordingly it is reborn in one of the six worlds: the six realms (Deva realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Naraka realm). Is it?

【Product name】

Ajimaru

【Type】

Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcow.

【Producing area】

Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture （JA Nagasaki Saikai）

【Origin of the name】

I heard that the word “Miccan” was coined to mean “Kanji / Koji”, which is sweet like honey, because the varieties introduced from China during the Muromachi period were sweeter than the citrus fruits that had been used until then. 1603 to 1604 Nippo Dictionary; Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam com a declaração em Portugues: Published in Nagasaki by the Jezus Society (Oxford University Library, Portuguese Ebola Public Library, French National Library, Brazilian Rio de Janeiro National Library) As it is written as miccan in “(confirmed storage in)”, it seems that it was pronounced miccan in the old days. This dictionary has 25,967 words in the main story and 6,831 words in the addendum when calculated using headwords. Excluding duplicates, the total number seems to be 32,293 words. As expected, this amount cannot hide the surprise in a short period of time. “Ajimaru mandarin oranges” are carefully selected under strict quality control and have successfully cleared the standards for delicious satsuma oranges.

【Major features】

The history of Nagasaki mandarin is that in 1780 (Tenmei era), the lord of the Omura domain, 'Sumiyasu Omura-Ko', introduced the Satsuma domain's ”Nagashima mandarin” (Izumi District (former: Azuma Town) Nagashima-cho's Wenshu mandarin) to Ikiriki Village. It is said that it was first cultivated by Mr. Yuiemon Tanaka, Mr. Rinemon Tanaka, and Mr. Tsuguemon Nakamichi (Chudo) (currently Tarami Town, Izumi District). “Egami Buntan” was born in Sasebo City, “Hirado Buntan” was born in Hirado City, and Citrus unshiu cultivation started in Ikiriki (Isahaya City) and Nagayo Town. Citrus Unshiu has heard that the seeds brought back from China by the envoy to Tang China began to bear fruit and were found in Kagoshima. It is said that “Ikiriki-based Citrus unshiu” has been cultivated from the “Ikiriki region” and has been cultivated, and saplings have been shipped nationwide. In 1876, mandarin oranges were sold by hand in the castle town. In addition, from around 1887, the production area of ​​mandarin oranges was expanded in “Ikiriki Village”, and even today, the area is the main production area in Nagasaki Prefecture. From 1961 “Fruit Tree Agriculture Promotion Special Measures Law Enforcement (Cabinet Order No. 145)”, the Nagasaki Prefecture Citrus Promotion Plan was formulated, and the citrus cultivation area is rapidly increasing throughout the prefecture. Demand for fruit trees in Japan is generally declining and stagnant, and there is a growing tendency for small quantities to be sold as other items and for good quality. Many fruits, including mandarin oranges, are in overproduction. There are increasing demands from other countries to expand imports of fruits and fruit products. In order to achieve sound development, it is necessary to deal with the overproduction trend of fruits. Induce production that responds to trends. Fostering independent fruit tree farmers who can be the core players in the production area. And it is necessary to further strengthen the constitution of fruit tree agriculture. The system for promoting fruit tree agriculture was strengthened（Partial amendment of Law No. 15, July 1, 1985）. To the prefectural governor, the then Vice-Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries（After retiring, he will assume the post of chairman of the Norinchukin Bank.）. In 1974, the cultivated area of ​​Satsuma mandarin reached 14,900 ha, and the production volume exceeded 200,000 tons. However, after peaking around this time, the cultivated area and production volume continued to decline, and after the liberalization of imports of orange fruits and fruit juice, the cultivated area as of 2013 was 3,300 ha and the production volume was 60,900 tons nationwide. It is the fifth largest production volume. In 1597, Nagasaki was the first onion to land in Japan by a Portuguese ship. The production of early-maturing onions is thriving, and it has a good reputation for its freshness and good taste. I hear that potato was introduced from Jakarta to nagasaki by a Dutch ship in 1598. It boasts the second largest production volume after Hokkaido, and Minamishimabara City is one of the leading production areas in the prefecture. Cultivation started in earnest in the Meiji era, and now it is cultivated based on two crops, spring and autumn, taking advantage of the warm climate. Asparagus officinalis was introduced to Nagasaki as ornamental from the Netherlands during the Edo period. There are spring and summer seasons, and spring asparagus grows slowly over time, so it has a strong sweetness and is rich in minerals and especially vitamin C. Summer asparagus has a beautiful light green color because it grows at a stretch due to the blessings of the daytime sun, and it is soft to the vicinity of the root. I hear that the bright red tomatoes were introduced to Nagasaki from the Netherlands at the end of the 17th century”. City jurisdiction, Kuidetsu, Takematsuhonmachi, Ozato Town, Matsubarahonmachi. City designated historic site : Ozato-伝 Mr. Doi Suzuta's Tomb, Conflict with ‘SUMIYASU Omura’-Ko : Master-Slave Relationship. Citrus varieties born in Nagasaki Prefecture: “Wase Haraguchi” was discovered in 1969 by Mr. Seiji Haraguchi of Nishisonogi-cho, Nishisonogi-gun, Nagasaki Prefecture (currently Saikai City) as a sport of “Wase Miyagawa” in his own garden. NS.  (Close to Haraguchi Mikan: Coral reef: Limestone: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) calcite and aragonite) It is said that it was formed by uplifting from the seabed about 30 million years ago. “Tsugama Limestone Cave” : (Designated as a national natural memorial in 1936.) The group has completely different characteristics from other limestone cave due to its material and new generation age, and the world But it is rare. (Our ancestors: Mandarin was born about 3 million years ago. There are historical theories about primates, 70 million years BC, and human beings 5 ​​million years ago ... Mysterious romance.) “Wase Miyagawa” is believed to have occurred around 1909 (Meiji 42) as a branch of the traditional (ordinary) Citrus unshiu planted in the residence of Mr. Kenkichi Miyagawa in Yanagikawa City, Fukuoka Prefecture. From 1923 (Taisho 12) Dr. Chozaburo Tanaka (1885 (Meiji 18)-(Showa 51) 1976) (A Monograph of the Satsuma Orange) Taipei Imperial University, 1932 (Showa) 7)) (“Citrus Research, Vol. 16” 1927 (Showa 2) Yokendo (published in 1933 (Showa 8)) after a detailed investigation, and since it was named, it has been expanded. It is a nationally well-known representative variety of early-maturing Citrus unshiu and ordinary Citrus unshiu. The tree vigor is strong, it tends to be fertile and easy to grow. It has a rich taste and is considered to be the most suitable as a new species for institutionalization. The characteristics of “Haraguchi” mandarin, which is a representative of early-maturing varieties in Nagasaki Prefecture, are large, soft and sweet. Products that form the basis of various researches, such as soil improvement methods using red soil and special sand using the technique of covering with white sheets, and homemade fertilizers devised by our own theory (cultivation manager: Mr. Haraguchi). From the (love for people) Philanthropic spirit (Philanthropy) by Yuen. The “Wase Haraguchi” mandarin orange is a log that only about 30 exist in the Haraguchi Orchard (Saikai City). It is said that only “Son Mikan” is a seedling that is divided into stocks. “Wase Iwasaki”, 1968, Mr. Denichi Iwasaki of Nakaura Nango (currently Saikai City), Saikai Town, Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki Prefecture, was discovered as a sport of “Wase Okitsu” in the field. It is an early-maturing variety. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Seedling Law has not yet been confirmed. In the field of Mr. Tsugio Ozaki of “Sasebo Unshu”, Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, a branch change was confirmed from a 15-year-old tree of “Wase Miyagawa”, and it was discovered in 1975. In 1993 (Heisei 5), at the Nagasaki Fruit Tree Experiment Station, virus-free: Once infected, plants cannot be excluded from immunity and cannot escape the virus for the rest of their lives.) Was carried out, and in 1998, the sale of seedlings to the mikan production area in Nagasaki Prefecture became popular. The harvest season is expected from late November to early December, and it is a mesophyll system that is about 10 days later than “Wase Miyagawa”. “Shiranuhi Orange: Sumo Mandarin”, You have to give a lot of nutrition, and you need to irrigate and fertilize well when the flowers bloom and become young. Born in 1972 in Minamishimabara (Kuchinotsu), Nagasaki. It is famous as a fruit born by crossing “Kiyomi Orange（Citrus unshiu × Sinensis）” and “Ponkan（Nakano No. 3: Citrus reticulata var poonensis (Hayata) H.H. Hu）”. After ripening well on the tree, store for half a month to a month. It seems that the sourness will be removed and the sweetness will increase. Cultivation of Citrus Unshiu, which uses less water to increase sugar content, requires a slightly different cultivation method. The process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy obtained from light from the sun; The process plants use to take the energy from sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into food- Photosynthesis. “Amakusa（Kumamoto Prefecture）” Crossing combination, old strain name (Kiyomi × Wase Okitsu) -No. 14 × page. The old strain name is Citrus Kuchinotsu No. 16 and the crossing year is 1982. The registration number and registration date of Tangor Norin No. 5 as a certified variety (former: named registered variety) is 1993 (July 1, 1993). The variety registration date is 1995 (August 17, 1995), and the variety registration number is No. 4596. “Setoka”, It is famous as a tangor that was bred by crossing “Murcott” with kiyomi with Angkor No. 2 of the breeding system. A small-nucleus variety with large fruits, soft and juicy, aroma, high sugar content and good taste. Middle-aged Citrus L. matures from January to February. The fruit surface is smooth, the fruit shape is oblate with a high waist, and the skin is orange to dark orange. Thin, easy to peel, with a medium aroma similar to Angkor or Murcott. The flesh is dark orange, the sac is thin, the flesh is soft and juicy, and the number of seeds tends to be small, about 0-5. And it seems that parthenocarpy（Ovary wall and flower bed enlarge and form fruit without fertilization）is strong. The fruiting is good and it is easy to get results every year. Strong tendency to streptomyces spp., Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. It is Susceptibility against citrus tristeza virus (ctv), and the incidence of stem pitting（Easily propagated by Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy（Aphids that gather in citrus fruits. Body color and black horns and tail pieces. The antennae, the base of the thighs of the legs, and the shins are pale yellow. The larva seems to be reddish brown.  It is similar to Toxoptera aurantii of the same genus, but the aphid is a little smaller, and in the winged type, the pterostigma of the anterior wing is black and the middle vein branches once, whereas in this species, the pterostigma of the anterior wing Is pale, and the aphid is said to branch twice.）, and also propagated by cotton aphids at a low rate）is high. Since one ball is heavy, it is necessary to manually support it so that the branches do not break due to its own weight as it grows. Application No. 10852 Date of application 1998/04/09 Date of publication of application 1999/03/18. Registration number 9398 Registration date 2001/10/18. Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act, Act No. 83 of May 29, 1998: 25 years of breeder's rights; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO. Unique sweetness, chewy texture, and wonderful fragrance. I have introduced several types, but I will trace the history in the near past. In the Meiji era, citrus cultivation became popular with Ikiriki, and it seems that there is a record that it started exporting Satsuma mandarin to Vladivostok. In 1900, he started a citrus cultivation test at the Nagasaki Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station and started to support the production area. The Fruit Tree Research Division (Isahaya City) of the Nagasaki Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Technology Development Center has been developing and nurturing the first new variety of “Satsuma mandarin” in the prefecture after about 15 years and research results from 2000 (Heisei 12). The long-awaited “Nagasaki Kaken Sasebo No. 1” has been trained. Based on the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Variety Registration and Seedling Law, application for registration was made in 2013, and Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture was registered in 2015. Greenhouse oranges April-September-Goku Wase September-November-Nakate from late November to mid-December-Normal / Okute December-March  Mandarin oranges with leaves December (Ripe mandarin oranges because they are harvested late). It is good to store at a temperature of 3 to 7 degrees and a humidity of about 85%. Also, open the cardboard box, reduce the fruit to less than half, and leave it in a well-ventilated place. Wase / Nakate seeds are prone to putrefaction, so it seems better to eat them early. Also, if you store it with the hand-held part on the cardboard box facing down, it tends to last longer. City designated memorial : Matsubarahonmachi-Shaso at Matsubara Hachiman Shrine Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, The 15th Emperor Ojin; 品陀和気命, 大物主神-Mt. Miwa in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture ; （Koshinto）, There are some shrines even today, such as Omiwa-jinja Shrine, which enshrines Mt. Miwa in Nara Prefecture, that regard mountains themselves as the kami's Shintai or Yorishiro (an object capable of attracting kami). Assuming from the high possibility of large kofun (tumulus) being a tomb of leader (great king) of the time by the chronological order of kofun and others, the following kofun tumulus show there was a sovereignty in this region (present day Sakurai City and Tenri City): Yamato-kofun Tumulus Clusters and Yanagimoto Otsuka Tumulus built at the foot of the Mt. Miwa, in the southeast of Nara basin in the early Kofun period (from about the middle of the third century to the early fourth century), and large scattered kofun with the hill length of 300 meters to 200 meters such as Shibutani Mukoyama-kofun Tumulus (identified as a mausoleum of Emperor Keiko), Hashihaka-kofun Tumulus (surmised by some researchers to be a grave of Himiko: There is a theory that Unabi Hime no Mikoto, the sixth-generation Hikohoakari mentioned in A Family Tree of the Amabe Family（A shrine house of ‘Kono Shrine’ located in Miyazu City, Kyoto Prefecture. ‘籠名神社祝部氏係図’ with ‘籠名神宮祝部丹波国造海部直等氏之本記’ : Designated as an important cultural property in June 1975 and a national treasure in June 1976.）, was Himiko. ), Andonyama-kofun Tumulus (identified as a mausoleum of Emperor Sujin), Mesuriyama-kofun Tumulus, and Nishitonotsuka-kofun Tumulus (identified as the grave of Tashiraka no Himemiko）. It is said that women's clubs, youth clubs, and JA staff are playing a central role in conducting food and agriculture education activities for children who will lead the next generation in various parts of the JA Nagasaki Saikai jurisdiction. The purpose is to make people feel the importance of “agriculture” that supports Japan's "food" and the importance of locally produced safe, secure and high-quality agricultural and livestock products. I would like to give you a brief overview of Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, which is the production center of the products introduced this time. Located in the northern part of the prefecture, it is a city blessed with abundant nature, represented by Saikai National Park “Kujuku Island”. It has a history of prospering as a military port of the former Navy, and now has a US naval base, and is also an international port city. It is also widely known as a tourist city such as Japan's largest theme park “Huis Ten Bosch”. The facility covers 152 hectares and is said to be about 1.5 times larger than Tokyo Disney Resort, and is famous as the largest theme park in Japan. When you visit the park, you can feel the retro atmosphere of the Dutch cityscape, and you can enjoy the atmosphere of Europe as a whole. “Saikai National Park and Kujuku Island” float in a row in the calm sea. There are 208 islands over a range of about 25 km. Most are uninhabited islands, but four of them are inhabited by people. The scenery of Kujuku Island, which is long from north to south, seems to change greatly depending on where you look. The islands in the quiet area are rounded and look kind. In areas where the waves are rough and the wind is strong, the shaved rock surface is rough and it seems to be awesome. There are many observatories in the city to enjoy Kujuku Island, which has many expressions, and you can see the rich scenery. Also, in the center of the city, “Saruku City 403 Arcade”, which has a total length of about 1 km, is a lively shopping street with about 160 stores. In the immediate vicinity, there are shopping spots where you can feel the food culture of Sasebo and the humanity of the citizens, such as the “Tonoo Market”, which is lined with old-fashioned shops such as butcher shops and fish stores, and the market “Tonneru Yokocho” that uses the ruins of an air raid shelter. Since the Taisho era, it has been popular with the citizens as a kitchen in Sasebo. There is a side street along the national highway, and it is a market made by making the best use of the air raid shelter during the war. Are lined up. The good old Showa scent comes from there. Various cultures are rooted in Sasebo, such as Hirado ware; Mikawachi（The 28th Hirado feudal lord, Takanobu Matsuura (a warring lord of Hizen Province, Saga Genji's first-class Matsuura, 25th head)-Ko ordered Sannojo to open a pottery factory for the feudal clan. In 1638, Shigenobu-Ko, the 29th feudal lord, appointed Sannosuke as the lord and daikan of Sarayama, and in 1643, it seems that he set up branch offices of the Sarayama government office in Kiharayama and Enagayama. The Hirado Domain, which had abundant finances due to Nanban trade, lost its trading interests because the Dutch trading house moved to Dejima, Nagasaki. Therefore, with the encouragement of the clan, when the kiln became larger with the years, the clan sought sales channels overseas, worked to develop ceramics for export, and developed thin coffee bowls and the like. In 1804, it was exported to the Netherlands and China, and was loved by royal aristocrats overseas.）, which used to be a kiln for the Hirado domain and has a history of more than 400 years, Kuroshima Catholic Church, which tells the culture of hidden Christians, and valuable naval heritage and remains of the former Navy era. It's a city. After the war, it developed as a US Navy base town, and now, in addition to the Japan-US exchange event, the new YOSAKOI Sasebo Festival is also an annual autumn event. Blessed with a warm climate and abundant natural environment, “Saikai oranges” in the southern part of Sasebo City are produced in an environment overlooking Omura Bay and Huis Ten Bosch. Garden registration system: In order to cultivate Saikai brand oranges “Ajimaru" and "Ajikko”, it is necessary for each producer to voluntarily register which brand to cultivate. Cultivation conditions and cultivation management are set by the brand, and quality checks and cultivation management guidance are conducted on a regular basis to maintain the quality of branded oranges. In the registered cultivated gardens, the whole family uses fertilizers that are mainly organic, and the white sheet mulch that covers the entire garden controls the intrusion of rainwater to dry the soil and dazzle the reflected light. Thorough management is carried out every day to raise the sugar content, such as giving plenty of bath. The mandarin oranges grown through the collaboration of the producer's affectionate daily management, the mineral-rich sea breeze, and the bright sunlight become “Saikai satsuma oranges” that contain plenty of nutrients such as amino acids. The taste is very sweet and has a strong impression. Thorough selection is carried out in order to ship Saikai mandarin oranges that are not only delicious but also safe and secure. Producer: Timely harvest based on quality standards, check for scratches and rot by producers, bring in fruit sorting station. Fruit sorting station: check for scratches and rot by workers, check for scratches and rot by fruit sorting machine (sensor) , Fruits are sorted by size and brand (appearance, sugar content, acid) using a fruit sorter (sensor) before shipping. “Ajimaru” and “Ajikko” are gems that pursue deliciousness by designating a garden where you can get the most delicious oranges in “Sasebo Unshu”. Among the sweet and ripe oranges, we select only those that contain a lot of amino acids in addition to high sugar content and have “umami” and “richness”. In addition, there is the famous “Dejima no Hana” as the top brand unified in Nagasaki prefecture. Ajimaru has a sugar content of about 12 degrees (shipping time: early November to late February) Ajiko has a sugar content of about 13 degrees (shipping time: mid-November to late February) Dejima no Hana has a sugar content of about 14 degrees. (Shipping time: from mid-December to late January). “Saikai mandarin” boasts one of the highest quality and production volume in Japan, and has been highly evaluated, with the market transaction unit price being the highest in Japan in the Kanto region and other regions. It will be the effort value of the producer and the related parties who follow. The season is from October to January, but it seems that they use the house and ship tangerines in August (heated cultivation), February, and March (unheated cultivation). Citrus fruits are shipped almost all year round, including midnight citrus fruits. It is rich in “Vitamin C”, which has a high antioxidant effect, and “β-cryptoxanthin,” which is attracting attention as a substance with a high carcinogenic suppressive effect. It is not only sweet and delicious, but also good for the body. 100% natural fruit juice made by squeezing ripe oranges harvested at the most delicious time of the season as they are, and additive-free straight juice is also famous. It doesn't contain a single drop of water. Naturally, you can enjoy the taste of the ingredients themselves rather than the concentrated and reduced juice. The criteria for mandarin oranges, which are defined as delicious, are that they have a high sugar content, that they have a good balance of sweetness and acidity, and that they have a thin skin.