Ehime Mandarin orange
【Type】
Citrus reticulata var poonensis (Hayata) H.H. Hu
【Within the jurisdiction of】
Yawatahama City, Ehime Prefecture, Ikata Town, Nishiuwa District, Mikame Town, Seiyo City (JA Nishiuwa, JA Zen-noh Ehime, Maruni Fruits and Vegetables Co., Ltd.)
【Derived from the name】
Sales and distribution network: Procurement from various sources such as producers and markets is possible. The strength of Maruni Seika (Tsuburi, Mikame Town, Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture) is its flexible sales system while maintaining close relationships with many wholesalers. A citrus fruit of the Rutaceae family, said to be native to India. The name comes from the place name Pune (Poona) in western India.
【Major features】
Once upon a time, three bottles washed ashore on the beach of Hiyoshizaki. A marsh snail that lives there pushed the bottle up to land. Believing it must be a gift from the gods, the villagers built a shrine with the bottle as sacred treasure. It seems that it was named "Mikame" based on this legend. A shrine called "Mikame Shrine" was built around Hiyoshizaki's "Monument derived from the name of Mikame Town", based on the legend that three bottles washed ashore in the past. This company is the origin of the town name Mikame. According to the inscription, "Long ago in the Genpei period, after a stormy night, three bottles, a sword, and a hand drum were washed ashore on the beach around here, carried by countless lizards. These are the gifts of the shrine, and a small shrine was built and enshrined in this area with these items as sacred objects, and it was called Mikame Shrine.” This shrine was enshrined together with Kokuzo Shrine in 1909, but the main shrine was left as it was. The shrine building was also demolished in 1973, and a monument was erected in 1978 with the words "Mikame, the place where the name of the town comes from." It is not clear where the sword was enshrined, but the three bottles, along with the legendary votive picture, were dedicated to Mikame Shrine in Iwaki, Uwa. When struck on the hill of Cape Hiyose (currently Hiyoshizaki), the drum was called the "high-pitched drum" because it echoed throughout Mikame Bay, and is still preserved as a treasure of Kokuzo. In 1615, Hidemune DATE, the eldest son of Sendai Masamune Date, entered Uwajima Castle and entered the Uwajima domain under his jurisdiction. In 1657, due to the division of the Yoshida clan, all villages except Tsuburi village, Kuranuki village, Kamuroura (Shimodomari) and Kagegahira village (Izumi) became Yoshida territory, and a Kocho government office was established in each village and ura. In 1885, due to the revision of the administrative district, it was integrated into Tsuburi Village Sotosangaura, Nioiura Sotosangaura, and Kuranuki Village Sotosangaura, and Kocho offices were placed in each of them. In 1890, the old administrative districts were left as they were, and the town and village system was established by renaming them to Mikame Village, Nikibu Village, and Mishima Village. In 1921, Mikame village implemented town administration as the former Mikame town. January 1, 1955, Former Mikame town (Asadatsu, Tsuburi, Azuchi, Ariajiro), Nikibu village (Nioh, Suuki, Habu, Nagahaya), Mishima village (Kuranuki village, Kuranukiura, Minae, Shimodomari, Aratachi) ), and part of Soiwa Village (Izumi and Shigyama) were merged into a municipality. Asahi Japanese puppet theater (Asadatsu, Mikame Town): Prefecture-designated intangible folk cultural property (designated March 26, 1964), redesignated January 11, 1977. Owner: Asahi Japanese puppet theater preservation society, location: Asadatsu (Asahi Japanese puppet theater Kaikan) It is said that in the early Meiji era, a man named Isuke Inoue of Asadatsu ura carved puppet heads out of pine and paulownia wood, and manipulated the puppets to match a ballad drama. After that, he purchased a full-fledged head, costume, and tools from Heiroku place, and it seems that it was gradually improved with the support of the Sofu family and local residents. In 1809, he purchased a male head and a female head made from Awa Province, and at the same time seems to have adopted Awaji puppetry techniques. In 1910, a playhouse called Asahi place was built on reclaimed land in Asadatsu, imitating the Asahi place in Dotonbori, Osaka. In the famous story of the three bottles that gave the name of Mikame, it is said that the bottles, drums, and swords drifted ashore, and many Batillaria multiformis lifted the swords, and the sword that washed ashore was called "Ninakirimaru." He said he called. On the other hand, Omphalius pfeifferi pfeifferi (Philippi, 1846) is said to be played at the Usa Hachiman ceremony of releasing captive animals in Oita Prefecture, so it is possible that people and goods flowed from Kyushu to Shikoku Nanyo, or there may have been a connection. Not only did they come from over there, but they must have also left here. From the southern part of Oita Prefecture to Miyazaki Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture, many pottery from the Matsuyama Plain of the mid-Yayoi period have been unearthed. Every August 9th is the festival of "Konpira-sama" in the Tsuburi district of the 4th ward. Originally held on the 9th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar, worshipers pray for safe voyages and bountiful catches. Konpira is managed by the Tsuburi young men’s association with the cooperation of the ward, and the tradition of children's sumo wrestling and street food stalls has been passed down to the present day. The main building was completely burned down in August 2021 and was closed. Health exchange facility "Kamegaike Onsen (spring quality sodium chloride hot spring, (hypotonic neutral high hot spring)" spring temperature 42.0 ℃ (temperature 34.0 ℃) boiling Output 174 liters per minute (powered hot spring by excavation) Hydrogen ion concentration ph7.4 Efficacy, general adaptability: neuralgia, muscle pain, arthralgia, fifty shoulders, motor paralysis, joint stiffness, bruises, wrinkles, chronic digestive organs Disease, neuralgia, coldness, post-illness recovery period, recovery from fatigue, health promotion, etc. Adaptability by spring type: severance, peripheral circulatory disorder, coldness, depression, dry skin, etc., July 28, 2016.) "(Futami) resumed temporary business of the bathing facility on April 1, 2022 for the first time in about 7 months, and it seems that it was crowded with many long-awaited local residents. You can use the sauna, bubble bath, cold bath, open-air bath, etc., and it seems that guests from outside the town will be accepted after the 2nd. It seems that it was open to residents of the town for free. While the mayor of Takakado and others were welcoming, it seems that there was a line of about 50 regular customers before the opening at 1:00 pm. At the temporary reception in front of the passage to the dressing room, it seems that there were regular customers who enjoyed talking with the facility staff for the first time in a while. It is the westernmost hot spring in Shikoku on the Sadamisaki Peninsula, which is the longest in Japan. It is a new natural hot spring that Ikata town invested about 800 million yen in 2003 from the stratum of volcanic rocks and stalactites about 1,500 m below the shore of Kamegaike pond. Reopened in 2007, the site is fully equipped with a variety of baths such as indoor baths, open-air baths, private baths, bedrock baths, sauna barrel baths, and pottery baths. There seems to be a legend that there are 8 japanese straw floor covering mats of big crabs in Kamegaike pond. It is the largest lagoon in the prefecture where the legend remains. It was in the sea until about 400 years ago, but it seems that the earth and sand that was hit by the waves became a pile of ponds. A long time ago, a large crab that lived in the neighboring town of kucho pond moved to this pond, and with the joy of becoming the master of the vast Kamegaike pond, the large crabs swam around in the pond, and local boats often came. Legend has it that the troubled people were asked by the priest to confine the large crab deeply to the bottom of the pond because they were overthrown. Citrus reticulata is native to the Suntara region of India and is cultivated in India, Nepal, Southeast Asian countries, southern China, Taiwan and Japan. “Pon” seems to have been taken from the city of Poona in the Suntara region of India, where it originated. “Kan” is a citrus “Citrus nobilis”. From here, it was introduced to China in the Tang dynasty, and it seems that it spread to Taiwan in the 18th century. It is said that it was the first introduction to Japan in 1896 when General Sukenori KABAYAMA, the governor-general of Taiwan, sent the seedlings to Kagoshima and transplanted them. After that, excellent varieties were introduced from Taiwan and other countries, and while selective breeding was being promoted in warm regions, it was cultivated in warm regions such as Kagoshima, Miyazaki, Kumamoto, and Kochi. Mr. KABAYMA's father is a former Kagoshima feudal retainer or warrior. He served in the Satsuei War and the Boshin War. He was appointed Major in the Army in 1871. He served in Seitai no eki (Seitai Campaign: After the Saga Rebellion, the new Meiji government (educational policy: the policy of nationalization based on the Imperial Way Faction developed in the first year of the Meiji era. Therefore, it seems that the imperial way nationalization movement declined rapidly around 1872 and did not have a great power on nationalization. In August of the same year. In 1874, there was a rebellion against the abolition of the Daishogiri tax law in Yamanashi Prefecture, but due to the need for territorial ambitions to reflect the intentions of the complainers (notice in connection with educational ideas and policies since the 1877s). An incident in which troops were sent to Taiwan for the murder of a Ryukyu sailor who had drifted to Taiwan.). He was active as the Kumamoto Garrison chief of staff in the Satsuma Rebellion. He is the chief of staff, chief of metropolitan police and two-star general. He moved to the Navy in 1907, becoming Navy deputy minister, vice-minister (Meiji period) in 1916, and Deputy Minister of the Navy in 1919. He was appointed as the sea minister of the 1st Yamagata Cabinet and the 1st Matsukata Cabinet. The “recklessness speech（He defended the politics of the Meiji oligarchy, which was criticized at the time, and strongly criticized the Liberal Party and the Rikken Kaishinto Party. The content of his speech caused strong opposition from the People's Party side, and it seems that the first Matsukata Cabinet at that time had to dissolve the House of Representatives.）” given at the 2nd Parliament in 1924 is controversial. During the Sino-Japanese War, he was the commander of the Navy General Staff. In 1928 he became Admiral and the first Governor-General of Taiwan. Since then, he has served as a Privy Councilor, the Second Minister of the Cabinet of Matsukata, and the Second Minister of the Cabinet of Yamagata. Occupation / Status Army soldiers, Navy soldiers, politicians Birthplace is current Kagoshima prefecture, date of birth and death, December 9, 1837 to February 8, 1922. Let's move on. Normally, ponkan is harvested around February of the new year, but Ota ponkan orange can be harvested in December, so it is famous as the earliest ponkan in Japan. The sweetness and richness of mandarin oranges and the unique refreshing aroma of Ponkan orange open your heart. The skin is easy to peel off and the endothelium is thin, so it is very easy to eat. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration homepage, types of agriculture, forestry and fisheries plants, Citrus L. (Japanese name: citrus) registered variety name, Ota Ponkan, variety name at the time of application publication Application number 557, filing date 1982/03 / 30, Date of publication of application, Registration number 413, Date of registration 1983/05/30, Duration of breeder's right 18 years, Date of extinction of breeder's right 1995/05/31, Name of breeder's registrant and Address, Shimizu City Agricultural Cooperative (old Ihara Town, Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture): Name of the person who bred the registered variety, Mr. Toshio Ota, Outline of plant characteristics: This variety is a branch of “Ihara Ponkan”. It is a precocious cultivar that colors the skin and reduces the acidity of the fruit juice quickly. The appearance of the tree is a little open for Ponkan, the tree vigor is weak, and the size of the tree and the size of the leaves are small. The wing lobes are small and linear. The fruits are oblate and have a fruit shape index of about 123. The shape of the fruit apex is recessed, there are few radial grooves in the fruit apex, the shape of the fruit stem is slightly concave, almost no neck is seen, and the radial groove in the fruit stem is clear inside. The color of the pericarp is orange-yellow to orange, and the smoothness of the fruit surface is medium. The size of the fruit is medium-sized, and it is about 150 g when early fruit thinning with a leaf-fruit ratio of about 100 is performed. The pericarp is thin and the peel is easy. There is a lot of juice, the sweetness is medium and the acidity is low. The number of seeds contained in the fruit is small, and especially under self-pollination conditions, a large number of seedless fruits are produced, and the average number of seeds per fruit is also extremely small. Coloring of the pericarp is early, starting in early November in the growing area (formerly Shimizu City), coloring for 8 to 9 minutes in late November, and complete coloring from early to mid-December. In addition, the acidity of the fruit juice is reduced quickly, and the citric acid content becomes 1.0% or less in early December and close to 0.5% in late January, and the taste becomes pale. Compared to “Ihara Ponkan”, “Yoshida Ponkan” and “F-2428”, the maturity period is earlier, so the acidity of fruit juice is reduced from an early stage compared to “Morita Ponkan”, and self-pollination Under the conditions, it is said that the distinction is recognized due to the small number of seeds contained. In general mandarin orange cultivation, it seems that the mainstream cultivation is to bring out the sweetness by giving as little water as possible to the tree. However, it is said that this method reduces the acidity and does not add depth to the taste. On the other hand, mandarin oranges grown in their natural state seem to have a deep taste that has both sweetness and acidity. Even at the time of harvest, the green color of the leaves is dark and photosynthesis is carried out firmly, so the sweetness and richness tend to become deeper. For example, Wase Okitsu is said to have been selected from nucellar embryony obtained by pollinating trifoliate orange with “Wase Miyagawa”. Compared to Wase Miyagawa, the tree is stronger, the fruiting is good, and it seems to be fertile. The maturity period is from late October to early November, and it seems to have excellent taste. As of 2012, the cultivated area is about 4760 ha, and I heard that it is one of the main varieties. Agriculture and forestry certified varieties (former: named registered varieties), registration number: mandarin orange agriculture and forestry No. 1, registration date: July 1, 1963. Compared to Wase Miyagawa, it has stronger tree vigor, better fruiting and fertility. Fruit coloring is slightly faster than Wase Miyagawa Mandarin Orange, and the fruit shape is flat. The maturity period is from late October to early November, and the sugar and acid in the juice seems to have a higher and richer taste than Wase Miyagawa. Even after complete coloring, the taste is less likely to be blurred and the flavor increases, so it seems that ripe cultivation is possible. In recent years, functional components such as β-cryptoxanthin contained in Satsuma mandarin have been attracting attention. In addition, it seems that the preventive effect of osteoporosis can be expected. JA is a nickname for agricultural cooperatives. The symbol mark is a design that combines the green alphabets J and A, and seems to represent the image of a solid earth and a bond between people. JA is a cooperative organized for the purpose of protecting and enhancing farmer's farming and livelihoods and building a better society in the spirit of mutual aid (the spirit of people's solidarity and mutual help). It is an organization established by gathering people (union members) and sharing money (investment). JA provides agricultural management / technical guidance and lifestyle advice, as well as joint purchase of production materials / living materials, joint sales of agricultural and livestock products, acceptance of savings, lending of agricultural production funds and living funds, and necessary for agricultural production and living. It seems that they are engaged in various businesses and activities such as setting up shared facilities and mutual aid in case of emergency. Furthermore, it seems that they are engaged in activities to strengthen ties with the local community, such as welfare activities for the elderly, farming experience learning for children, and farmers' markets. It seems that JA's membership qualifications include regular members (farmers) and associate members. For this reason, I heard that even non-farmers can obtain membership qualifications as associate members and use various businesses if they pay the investment according to the enrollment procedure stipulated by each JA. The citrus fruits that bloom and bear fruit in the steep hills of the warm southwestern Shikoku, where typhoons hit, are the result of strong family farming. The goal of the mechanism to support it was the postwar specialized agricultural cooperative. As of 2016, the agricultural working population of farm household members was 1.92 million, falling below 2 million for the first time due to the progress of farmers leaving the farm, and it is said that it has decreased to nearly half compared to 20 years ago. On the other hand, the number of farm households with employers (regular employees) has increased 1.9 times compared to 10 years ago, and it seems that the composition of the labor force in the farm households has changed from household members to employers. In addition, the number of agricultural enterprises such as agricultural cooperative corporations is increasing year by year, and the number of employees in agriculture as a whole has increased 1.7 times in the last 10 years and exceeded 200,000 in 2015. Although agriculture is becoming more mechanized these days, it is becoming difficult for so-called farmers alone to maintain agricultural production, and it seems that employers have become a valuable force and leader in supporting Japanese agriculture. However, due to the declining population and the declining birthrate and aging population, it is becoming more difficult to secure human resources year by year, and the ratio of job offers to applicants in the agricultural sector has exceeded the average for all industries. To reflect these effects, it seems that the number of employees in 2017 has fallen below the previous year's level, contrary to the recent growth rate. Based on the fact that the actual situation of agriculture that has not been able to secure the necessary human resources has been highlighted, it is said that agricultural organizations and local governments are focusing their wisdom to secure stable human resources in order to break through this situation. As the agricultural working population declines, employers are said to be a valuable force to support Japanese agriculture. In the production areas, it seems that JAs with different farming seasons are building a cooperative system to deal with issues such as securing year-round work for employees and temporary labor force during the farming season. Efforts are continuing in each production area, such as JA Nishiuwa, to secure a labor force by utilizing diverse human resources including foreign human resources. In addition to the alliance with JA Koshimizu (head office location: Koshimizu, Koshimizu Town, Shari District, Hokkaido), JA Nishiuwa has two production areas with different farming seasons, Furano Agricultural Cooperative, and Okinawa Prefecture Agriculture as one of the efforts to secure a labor force. In cooperation with the cooperative, it seems that they are working on mutual introduction and information sharing of farmers (albiters, helpers, workers). For the production area, it leads to the stable securing of work skills and highly conscious human resources, and for the farmers, it seems that it is an initiative that is beneficial to both sides, such as reducing the labor of searching for the next job and the burden of hiring. When accepting farmers, I hear that improving the working environment by improving the working environment, such as securing accommodations and improving the acceptance system based on communication with farmers, has led to securing repeaters. By securing supporters in collaboration with other production areas, we will eliminate the labor-intensive mandarin orange harvesting work and the aging of producers. JA Nishiuwa covers parts of Ikata Town, Yawatahama City, and Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture, and has a total area of 26km2, with a cultivation rate of approximately 20.2%, and 95.8% of the total cultivated land, centered on Satsuma mandarin and 中晩柑; Medium late-ripening citrus. It seems that fruit trees are being cultivated. Within the jurisdiction, it has one of the leading brands of Citrus unshiu, such as Nishiuwa mandarin and Maana mandarin, and is a leader in the citrus kingdom of Ehime prefecture, producing about half of the Citrus unshiu mandarin in Ehime prefecture as a whole. Due to the extremely high weight of the citrus sector, the busy season of agricultural work in the jurisdiction peaks from November to December when the harvest of Satsuma mandarin begins, and continues until the beginning of April when the harvest of midnight citrus ends. According to JA Nishiuwa, among the cultivation of these citrus fruits, labor saving by sprinklers is progressing for management work, but for harvesting, it is necessary to determine the optimum harvest time and handle the fruits carefully, so we have to rely on human power. It seems that it will not be obtained and will be a bottleneck for expansion. As of 2014, the age composition of farmers in the jurisdiction exceeded 60%, and the number of farm households was 579 houses between 2006 and 2015, with an average annual decline of over 60 households. In addition, relatives and local acquaintances who came to help with the harvest are also aging, and it seems that it is becoming more difficult to secure a labor force during the harvest season. JA Nishiuwa seems to have begun to secure a labor force during the farming season from an early stage due to the sense of crisis that it will be difficult to maintain the production area if the labor force continues to decline. Since 1994, it seems that it has been conducting a “mandarin orange arbiter recruitment project” that recruits mandarin orange arbiters from all over the country and engages in harvesting work for about 40 to 50 days during the farming season. Furthermore, in 2014, we launched the “Nishiuwa Mikan Support Team” consisting of prefectures, municipalities, agricultural committees, and jurisdictions, providing information to applicants and providing comprehensive support for farming and farming. It seems that the parties concerned are working together to secure a labor force during the farming season and to secure, train, and retain the leaders. Also, in 2015, it is said that the accommodation facility Mandarin will be in place. The number of employees employed by the mandarin orange arbiter business mentioned above has increased year by year from 32 in 1994 and has increased to 287 in 2018, but it seems that the number has not yet reached the number requested by producers. In order to secure more arbiters, we interviewed arbiters from all over the country, such as "where did you work before" and “where will you go after this?” It seems that they have been actively recruiting in other production areas, such as going directly to the city to distribute and post leaflets and hold recruitment briefings. In the jurisdiction, we do not think of arbiters as a mere labor force, but to have them revitalize the region by interacting with producers and the region, to let them know the charm of Ehime, and to become a fan of Nishiuwa oranges. Was the purpose from the beginning. It seems that this attitude is pervading each producer on the receiving side, which leads to the enrichment of local life for arbiters and is one of the attractions other than wages. From April 2019, it seems that the movement regarding the utilization of foreign human resources has reached a major turning point. The amendment to the Immigration Control and Refuge Law has created new status of residence for foreigners in 14 industrial fields where labor shortages are becoming more serious, making it possible to accept foreigners as workers. In the agricultural sector, the government seems to have expected to accept up to 36,000 people in five years. Under this system, there is no limit to the number of people that can be accepted per business establishment, the range of work that can be engaged is expanded, and employment in the form of dispatch is also permitted. In addition, it is possible to change jobs, and it seems that foreigners who are hired have a higher degree of freedom in working styles than the technical intern training system. Some have been considering accepting it from the previous year, and it was expected that it would start accepting it by the end of the year, but it seems uncertain that the path is unclear due to the corona virus around the world. Now, let me introduce a little about the wonderful jurisdiction (production area). “Yawatahama City”, Ehime Prefecture”, It is located in the western part of the prefecture, at the base of the Cape Sadamisaki Peninsula, with a total area of 132.65 km2. The north faces the Seto Inland Sea, and the east is Ozu City. Adjacent to Seiyo City in the south and Ikata Town in the west. The southern half of the west side is for Kyushu across the Bungo Channel (Uwa sea). The coastline forms a rias coastline（A submergent coastline with a complex narrow bay.）. Scenic landscape.City flower: Narcissus L. (1753)（Narcissus tazetta bulb）, It grows naturally in the mountains throughout the city, and the fragrance and appearance of the flowers symbolize the city. The place name is from the Yoro era (717-724), and it is said that the origin is that Hachiman Ogami（From samurai families nationwide, such as Seiwa Genji and Kanmu Taira, the god of luck (the god of martial arts) “Yumiya Hachiman”） was erected on the beach of this place. The district was based on the delta area of the Senjo River that runs through the center, and reclamation work was already carried out during the Tensho era (1573-1592). Since then, the city has been expanded from sea to sea due to repeated landfills. Goby（Gobioidei）cultivation and shipping industry have been active in the former Honai area since the Edo period. In the Meiji era, commerce and industry such as mining, shipping, and spinning developed under the new government's policy of promoting the breeding industry. “The development of the wholesale market for marine products and the expansion of production of mandarin oranges and other citrus fruits”. After World War II, the fishing industry developed dramatically and is famous as a base for the trawl fishery. After that, while expanding the facility as a connecting port connecting Kyushu and Shikoku, the production of citrus fruits, mainly mandarin oranges, will become the main crop of the city. In the latter half of the 1970s, the fish market facilities in Okishinden were improved and it became a popular marine product distribution base. From 1980, the Nanyo Water Supply Authority started supplying water supply, and the water shortage in summer was alleviated. On March 28, 2005, the former Yawatahama City and the former Honai Town will be added to create a new Yawatahama City. “Ikata Town, Nishiuwa District”, Located on the Sadamisaki Peninsula, the westernmost tip of Shikoku. The Uwa Sea side in the south forms a coast with gentle white sand, and the Seto Inland Sea side in the north forms a ria coast. People's lives are alive in beautiful nature. Known as a hometown blessed with a warm oceanic climate with an annual average temperature of 16 ° C. In order to inherit and nurture this hometown full of warm humanity and pass it on to tomorrow, each of us strives to create a city full of vitality and moisture. The towns of Nishiuwa District (Ikata, Seto, Misaki) merged on April 1, 2005. It is famous as a city of primary industries, mainly agriculture and fisheries. Mandarin oranges and other sweet potatoes are cultivated in terraced fields of masonry inherited from predecessors on steep lands and fields carved out on steep mountain slopes. Lively fish such as horse mackerel and mackerel are landed throughout the year. In the Uwakai, it is said that “dried young sardines fishing” by drift nets is actively carried out.etc. “Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture”, Located in the southern part of the prefecture. Beautiful mountains covered with lush greenery and the deep blue sea are eye-catching. It is famous as a city with a variety of nature in the vast land. In Old town, industry and human exchange have been actively carried out while sharing the soil of culture.It is a geographically blessed area from 0m to 1400 m above sea level, with a total area of 514.34 km2. Forests account for 75% of the total.It has a vast area even in the prefecture, and it ranges from traditional cultural characteristics to industrial characteristics in proportion to the area.I admire the unique and diverse culture. Many cultural heritages such as historic buildings and burial mounds remain in each region. Folk performing arts and traditional events are preserved and handed down. Ehime tea chest mandarin oranges JA Nishiuwa's mandarin orange. There are several fruit sorting plants in the jurisdiction. We also handle oranges with their own characteristics. In Yawatahama City, the Hinomaru co-selection in the Mukainada area and the Maana co-selection in the Maajiro area (Maajiro area and Anai area). Kawakami co-selection in Kawakami Town. Hachikyo co-selection consisting of four districts: Mikame Fruit Sorting Center in Mikame Town, Seiyo City, Yawatahama Co-selection (joint fruit sorting plant), Yanozaki, Senjo, Futaiwa, and Kamiyama. The fruit sorting fields of Yawatahama, Hachikyo, and Hinomaru are in the same place. The co-selection of Mitsuru in Honai Town, Yawatahama City includes “Mitsuru satsuma oranges”, which is famous for its black boxes, and mandarin oranges in tea chests. It seems that it was called Honai co-election before. Isozu citrus co-selection, Ikata Town, Nishiuwa District, Minatoura, Ikata Town, Nishiuwa District, Futanazu, Misaki co-selection, other than the above marks If you see just a circle and the letters “Maruwa; ○和”, it's the mark of Nishiuwa. Advanced Cultivation Techniques and Appropriate Land for Diverse Varieties: The Nanyo region has favorable conditions for cultivating high-quality citrus fruits, such as a warm climate and good drainage due to its steep slopes. On the other hand, because the park is located on a steep and intricate coastline, work efficiency is low and it is difficult to expand the scale. It seems that there is a constraint on farming that the cultivation conditions of the orchards differ greatly from one plot to another. For this reason, citrus farmers in the region have been working on citrus cultivation for many years to overcome these constraints and seek ways to increase yields and improve quality in order to maximize and stabilize profits in small family businesses. We have accumulated a variety of know-how, such as technical improvements for farming and management that strategically incorporates various varieties, and have realized sustainable farming. "Nankan No. 20 Citrus'', which is estimated to have been planted around 1900 as a sophisticated citrus production technology that has been refined along with traditional varieties, is still widely cultivated as the main variety of Unshu mikan cultivated in the Nanyo region. This cultivar has excellent cultivar characteristics such as good taste, high yield, and easy to grow. For this reason, in this area, in the process of producing this variety over many years, the producers and the Ehime Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Nanyo Citrus Research Station (now the Mandarin Orange Research Institute) worked together to further improve yield and quality. Pruning for planning. Various cultivation management techniques such as cropping, thinning, and fertilization have been explored and introduced repeatedly, and have contributed greatly to the establishment of high technical capabilities, which are the foundation of citrus production in the Nanyo region, and to the improvement of farmer's profits. In addition, the citrus farming system in Nanyo, which was formed under such unique topographical conditions, such as the knowledge system and social organization that was formed, overcame the severe topographical conditions and enabled sustainable farming by family management. , seems to be characterized by various ingenuity and know-how. The steep slopes of the citrus orchards due to the ria coastline have forced farmers to work hard and hard. The masonry walls prevent soil erosion as well as lightening the labor load. In addition, windbreak fences built in terraced fields reduce the risk of salt damage from the sea caused by typhoons and winter monsoons. In addition, it has been thoroughly refined in the midst of major restrictions on farming, such as the difficulty of expanding the scale due to low work efficiency, and the different cultivation conditions (temperature, sunshine, etc.) depending on the location of the citrus orchard. Advanced cultivation techniques and the right cultivation of various varieties in the right place based on the conditions of each orchard are treated with great care as a valuable knowledge system that supports the profits of small-scale family businesses that make up the majority of the region. In addition, it is also an important feature that such ingenuity and know-how have been drawn out and inherited by the unique social infrastructure that was born or protected in this area in the course of its history as a citrus production area. In this region, many small family businesses in each district are tightly united, which is not found in other production areas. A unique group with a long history, such as a “co-selection” organization that promotes the development of production areas proactively and strategically, and a fruit tree research association that was born in this area and spread throughout the country as a place for producers to study their techniques. Local organizations still exist. In addition, in order to maintain and strengthen the competitiveness of production areas in the future, various traditional varieties are preserved as genetic resources indispensable for the development of new varieties. The citrus farming in the Nanyo region is based on a strong determination to survive in harsh topographical conditions and spontaneity. It has grown on the foundation of a rich and strong traditional family business. The various ingenuity and know-how accumulated by this system, as well as the social infrastructure and stock that have created this, have brought about sustainable farming in this area and ensured sustainability as a citrus production area. Since the mid-1970s, citrus-producing regions across the country have faced drastic changes in the environment, such as the plunge in the price of Satsuma mandarin oranges and the subsequent liberalization of citrus imports. It is an undeniable fact that we have been able to prevent decline as a production area by supporting the challenge of improving new technologies and introducing new varieties. In addition, it has high resilience against various environmental changes that are expected to affect agriculture in the future, such as global climate change and shrinking food demand due to the aging and declining population of Japan. It will contribute greatly to the world as a model that shows not only the continuation of farm management but also the form of farming that can earn a solid profit.
The Nishiuwa oneco mandarine, which the producers proudly deliver, is characterized by its soft flesh, rich aroma and juiciness. The outer skin can be peeled by hand, and the bag containing the fruit can be eaten whole. Yawatahama City in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku, is said to have the “three suns” with excellent conditions for cultivating citrus fruits. The first is the shining sun shining down from the sky, the second is the reflection from the calm surface of the Uwa Sea, and the third is the reflected light from the stone walls of the mandarin orange orchard that has been handed down from the past. It seems that Yawatahama's proud, rich and delicious citrus fruits are grown with plenty of blessings from nature.
It is believed that the plant was first introduced to Japan in 1896 when General Sukenori Kabayama, the governor-general of Taiwan, sent seedlings to Kagoshima for transplantation. After that, excellent varieties were introduced from Taiwan and other countries, and Yoshida, Morita, Ota Ponkan Orange, etc.
Akehama Town, Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture, grows on the south-facing mountain slopes facing the Seto Inland Sea. The sunshine hours are long and the steep slopes provide good drainage. It seems that the land is very suitable for growing citrus fruits. There are many conditions common to excellent production areas. Tangerines are said to be sweetened by three suns. The town is located in the western part of the prefecture, bordering Yoshida Town , Uwajima City to the east, Uwa-cho and Mikame Town , Seiyo City to the north, and facing the Uwa Sea to the west and south. Mountains in the 300 to 500 m class form a watershed in the background, and the 14.1 km long coastline is located in the center of the Sadamisaki Peninsula Uwakai Prefectural Natural Park, creating a beautiful landscape of typical rias coastline. The town is famous for its rape blossoms, which are in full bloom even in winter, and is a mandarin orange producing area located at the same latitude as the world's orange belts. However, due to the scarcity of flat land, settlements are densely packed with their eaves on a small piece of flat land along the coast.
