Copper Tocres, an agricultural venture in Westland, the Netherlands, cultivates vegetables called microvegetables, which are used as a side dish for cooking, and are popular for their nutritious and unique taste. Expo. Sales in the first year of the company's establishment in 2002 were 500,000 euros (about 60 million yen), but in 2016 it seems to have increased 60 times to 30 million euros (about 3.6 billion yen). It seems that it is now shipped to more than 70,000 restaurants around the world, including Japan. There are about 65 kinds of micro vegetables for shipping, but it seems that about 500 kinds of vegetables are cultivated separately. It seems that the chef of a famous restaurant regularly tastes the vegetables and sees the reaction to decide which vegetables to commercialize. It seems that there is no idea from the producer's point of view that the sales strategy comes first and “it should sell because we made delicious food”. The high management awareness of producers seems to lead to healthy competition in peripheral industries. The Netherlands is not a region / agricultural cooperative like Japan, so it seems that producers choose a producers' union that sells agricultural products under better conditions. If you are not satisfied with the sales conditions, you will move to another union. Regarding the trigeneration technology for efficient use of energy (technology that effectively utilizes CO2 in addition to heat and electricity), simply use electricity by generating natural gas, heat it with exhaust heat, and apply carbon dioxide gas with exhaust gas. It doesn't seem to stay in. In Westland City, energy-saving efforts that utilize heat exchange between low-temperature layers and high-temperature layers by utilizing stagnant water in the ground, and farmers who grow high-temperature crops share waste heat with farmers who grow low-temperature crops. Seems to be doing. Furthermore, by utilizing the geothermal heat deep underground, every production company is practicing new innovations for its own production and management every year, and it is said that the production area as a whole is constantly evolving.
【Product Name】
Hothouse Tosa Citrus Grandis
【Type】
Citrus maxima（C.grandis Osbeck forma Tosa.）
【Within the jurisdiction of】
Muroto City, Aki District Toyo Town, Nahari Town, Tano Town, Yasuda Town, Kitagawa Village, Umaji Village, Geisei Village, Aki City, Kami City, Kanan City, Nankoku City, Tosa District Tosa Town, Okawa Village, Nagaoka District Motoyama Town, Otoyo Town, Kochi City, Tosa City, Agawa District Ino Town, Niyodogawa Town, Takaoka District Sakawa Town, Hidaka Village, Ochi Town, Yusuhara Town, Tsuno Town, Nakatosa Town, Shimanto Town, Susaki City, Shimanto City, Sukumo City, Tosashimizu City, Kuroshio Town, Hata District, Otsuki Town, Mihara Village (JA Kochi Prefecture)
【Derived from the name】
Derived from Chinese, it refers only to pear-based and obovate-shaped ones. All are the names of the 文, 旦, actors who were planting trees. By Mr. Masao Iwamasa. He served as a agricultural faculty Prof. of univ., Which is known as the degree of kyushu university. Also, theory derived from Qing Dynasty ship master, Xie Citrus Maxima.
【Major features】
Kochi Prefecture is located in the southern part of Shikoku. The Shikoku Mountains are connected to the north, and the fan-shaped terrain facing the Pacific Ocean to the south has a total area of 7,100 square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the total area of Shikoku. And 84% of the prefecture's land area is occupied by forests, and the proportion of mountainous areas seems to have reached 95%. On the other hand, the average annual temperature is 17.0 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall is 2548 mm, and the annual sunshine is 2154 hours. Under such location and natural conditions, paddy rice, vegetables, fruits, livestock products, etc. are produced for agriculture, and Kochi Prefecture Agriculture is a facility gardening with high production efficiency that intensively uses narrow cultivated land. It seems that it is the core department of. In addition, ginger, eggplant, garlic, and sweet pepper occupy the largest share in the whole country, and okra and cucumber also occupy a high share in the whole country. It was. Going back about 7 or 8 years ago. In Kochi prefecture, forests occupy about 84% of the prefecture's land, and the area of farmland is limited, with the proportion of mountainous areas reaching about 95%. , Vegetables and fruits, livestock products, etc. are being produced. Among them, facility horticulture with high production efficiency that intensively uses narrow cultivated land is the core sector of agriculture in Kochi prefecture, and is one of the leading horticultural production areas in Japan. The prefecture is developing agricultural promotion measures in collaboration with related organizations and municipalities, improving production bases such as house facilities, ensuring safety and security through environmental protection agricultural technology such as characteristic IPM（Control all pests and weeds that are harmful to crops in a comprehensive combination of all available technologies (including pesticides). Integrated Pest Management does not completely deny pesticides, but means optimizing pesticide use and reducing or minimizing risks to humans and the environment by introducing other technologies. “Integrated pest control” or “integrated pest management” is used. In addition, in the related documents issued by the Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 2005, the translation “Integrated pest management and weed management” is newly used.）technology, and strengthening support for distribution and sales. Along with the promotion of horticultural agriculture, such as the improvement of sales power, it is said that it is working on “creating a new business by promoting sixth industry” along with measures for mountainous areas. Efforts as of 2014 are diverse depending on the item and business operator, and of course, the efforts to certify the comprehensive plan based on the “sixth industry / Local production for local consumption method”, which has been attracting attention in recent years, as well as the conventional products. There were farmers and businesses that had been working on the development and sale of processed products with the aim of increasing added value and effective utilization. In the field of horticultural agriculture in Kochi prefecture, a system was originally established to strategically sell as fresh products by utilizing the organizational strength of JA etc., and relatively stable agricultural management was continued, so producers It seems that there were not many efforts to work on processing by themselves and to sell it as a raw material for processing. As an example, looking at the certified businesses in Kochi Prefecture based on the sixth industry law, there were not many small and medium-sized enterprises that have been engaged in the production and processing of citrus fruits such as Citrus maxima for a long time in the agricultural field, especially in vegetable and fruit trees. That's it. In August 2014, there was a record heavy rainfall and lack of sunshine, especially in western Japan. From the end of July to the beginning of August, typhoons No. 12 and No. 11 were damaged by the northward movement, mainly in western Japan, but it seems that the damage in Kochi prefecture was particularly large. In the prefecture, due to the record heavy rain caused by typhoon No. 12 (August 1-6), tomatoes in Hidaka Village and Kochi City, Tosa City, Ino Town, Sakawa Town's ginger fields, Hidaka Village shipping area, and gardening Damage caused by flooding and flooding occurred mainly in the central part of the prefecture, such as the flooding of greenhouses. In addition, Typhoon No. 11 (August 7-10), which landed in Aki City in the eastern part of the prefecture, was hit by strong winds and heavy rains that have been rarely seen in recent years, causing many damages to the main body of horticultural houses and covering materials throughout the prefecture. At the same time, there is a great deal of damage that leads to a decrease in sales and profits, such as early rice lodging and ear germination that had entered the harvest season, lodging due to ginger stem breakage and flooding, and quality deterioration due to fruit drop and rubbing on fruit trees such as Pear and Citrus Yuzu. Seems to have occurred. The amount of damage was about 1.4 billion yen for facilities and about 900 million yen for agricultural products, totaling about 2.35 billion yen, and it seems that the government designated it as a catastrophic disaster on September 5. It seems that all the cities, towns and villages in the prefecture were damaged, and 13 cities, towns and villages were damaged by two typhoons. Among them, regarding horticultural greenhouses, 386 buildings were damaged, 37 hectares of the main body collapsed or partially damaged, and 12% of the prefecture as a whole, 178 hectares of damage to the covering materials. In addition, after the typhoon passed, cloudy and rainy weather continued, and the day when precipitation was not observed in August was only one day on August 31 in Kochi City, and the weather was unseasonable throughout the prefecture. It seems that there were also effects such as delayed planting of flowers and flowers, and poor growth of open-field items. Regarding the restoration of the gardening house, it seems that the disaster recovery classification of the existing prefecture projects (rental house maintenance project, gardening house utilization promotion project) was used to immediately support. As for the rental house maintenance project, as a result of a demand survey through the municipalities, as of September 2, there was a request for 3 hectares from 9 municipalities, so it is said that about 74 million yen was increased with the supplementary budget in September. Utilization of national support system; Active utilization of national support system. Regarding the restoration and repair of agricultural production facilities, it was decided to utilize the management body development support project for disaster-affected farmers, and it seems that the project was made known through briefing sessions and newspapers at five locations in the prefecture. Regarding the fruit selection line of the flooded tomato shipping site, it seems that the project was adopted in late August and the construction started by utilizing the aggressive agricultural practice emergency measures project. In addition, when using institutional funds such as modernization funds, it seems that they urged farmers to utilize the special interest subsidy project for disaster-affected farmers by the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Long-term Financial Association, which has no interest on borrowings. The house, whose covering materials and aggregates were damaged, was dismantled and removed with the help of neighboring farmers and JA staff, and it seems that it was restored early. I heard that the prefecture's subsidy project was used to restore the collapsed greenhouse. In this prefecture, vegetable, fruit tree, and flower horticulture accounts for about 75% of the agricultural output, and institutional horticulture is the basis of it. The reality is that there may be no income at all until the facility is restored, production is resumed and harvesting begins. For this reason, as a self-defense measure against sudden disasters, it seems that they actively promoted participation in agricultural mutual aid (facility and horticultural mutual aid), and the participation rate was about 90%. However, the mutual aid money paid after the disaster is not enough compared to the cost required for restoration, and it may take a certain amount of time for coordination and administrative procedures with related organizations for national and prefectural subsidies that can be utilized in the event of a disaster. It was a big challenge. It has been evaluated to a certain extent by horticultural farmers who have recovered by utilizing the disaster classification of the rental house maintenance project implemented in the prefecture, but in the case of forcing cultivation, if the planting is delayed by one week, the harvest is one month. It is said that it will be delayed, and it seems that the major issue is how to recover smoothly after the disaster. In recent years, damage such as typhoons, tornadoes, and torrential rains have occurred almost every year, so that we can support early recovery in cooperation with municipalities and JA so that horticultural farmers can continue farming with peace of mind. I also heard that they are working on it. Kochi Prefecture, where institutional horticulture is popular, has learned about hydroponic cultivation and control techniques using natural enemy insects through many years of technical exchange with the Netherlands. Since Shimanto Town, Takaoka District, Kochi Prefecture was adopted for the 2013 next-generation facility gardening introduction acceleration support project, we will do our utmost to utilize the technical know-how learned from the Netherlands for the development of a model housing complex for next-generation facility gardening. It seems that they are working on it. In addition to this initiative, it is also promoting the development of successors, aiming to disseminate the results of technological exchanges with the Netherlands throughout the production area. As of 2015, the Netherlands was almost the same area as Kyushu, but the export value of agricultural products was the second largest in the world after the United States. Above all, the production technology of tomatoes, paprika, etc. by institutional cultivation is extremely high, and the yield of them seems to be two to three times the average of this prefecture. Therefore, it seems that this prefecture has continued activities to learn the high technology from the Netherlands for more than 30 years now. In particular, the hydroponic cultivation technology that has spread to 519 houses and 120 hectares in the prefecture seems to have been learned from the Netherlands and spread. In addition, prefecture researchers, extension instructors, and many farmers visit the Netherlands every year to learn about the technology for controlling natural enemy insects instead of chemical pesticides and for using flower-visiting insects in eggplants. It seems that they have learned and evolved the technology in a way that suits the environment of this prefecture, leading to its widespread use. In November 2009, a friendly horticultural and agricultural agreement was signed with the city of Westland, the largest horticultural production area in the Netherlands, while grass-rooted technological exchanges continued for many years. The Friendship Horticultural Agriculture Agreement with the City of Westland includes the development of environmentally friendly horticultural agriculture and related industries, the promotion of student exchanges between schools, producers and companies to foster motivated successors who will lead the next generation. It includes the content of promoting mutual prosperity and development through exchanges and cooperation between them, and it seems that they will deepen mutual understanding and trust and promote mutual friendly exchanges in the future. After the conclusion of the agreement, the prefecture has further expanded the exchanges up to that point, and every year, farmers, university students, and agricultural officials from the prefecture and JA form an official visit group, and by 2015, 253 people have formed. It seems that he visited the city of Westland and learned about the latest horticultural technology and management, distribution mechanism and energy saving measures. In addition, it seems that long-term study abroad programs for seedling companies and agricultural training facilities have been realized by researchers at the prefectural test site. On the contrary, I heard that they are accepting the city's agricultural vocational school students and instructors to the agricultural university, and are continuing efforts such as interaction and guidance with engineers at the test site and production site. Due to the influence of the new Corona, it may have been canceled now. It seems that more than 90% of producers of 2000 houses or more of eggplants and shishito green peppers, which are the main items, used natural enemy insects to reduce the density of pests to the extent that they do not cause damage. In the Netherlands, stable management is carried out by releasing a large amount of factory-produced natural enemy insects on a schedule, while this prefecture, which is hot and humid and has many types of pests, has a blessed natural environment. It is said that by making the best use of biodiversity, the native natural enemies that naturally inhabit the wild mountains are collected and preserved by the producers and settled in the crops. I hear that this is a successful example of the evolution and dissemination of Dutch technology, which is to protect crops while creating a mini-ecosystem in a house, to a new technology that suits the environment of Kochi. In addition, following IPM technology, it seems that environmental control technology is currently being put into widespread use with the greatest effort. In the Netherlands, for all horticultural items, in a large-scale glass greenhouse with a high eaves height, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, CO2, and water supply, which are necessary for crops, are taken into consideration not only in the amount of solar radiation but also in the direction of the wind. I heard that the management aiming at the highest yield is thoroughly controlled by optimally controlling the growth stage and situation of the crop. Every year, many producers and horticultural people are actually witnessing the advanced environmental control technology in the Netherlands, and the awareness that they want to apply this technology and make use of it is increasing year by year. Seems to be. First, at the Agricultural Technology Center of the prefecture, we will work to establish the technology as a “new facility horticultural system”, and for 7 major items of this prefecture such as eggplants and peppers, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, CO2, and amount of solar radiation will be introduced. It seems that it was measured throughout the cultivation period at the producer's house on site. As a result, it seems that there is a state where the CO2 concentration in the house during the daytime is insufficient, especially in the severe cold season. Furthermore, when a demonstration test of CO2 application was conducted for the same 7 items between September 2013 and August 2014, a 5 to 37% increase in sales could be obtained in all 15 demonstration fields. It seems to be new. The average yield of producers has gradually increased due to the conversion to new varieties and the volume increase of shipping standards, but it seems that all items have already reached a plateau. That is, each producer grasps the environment in the house during the cultivation period with data, and gradually reviews his own cultivation management every day from where possible, so that the limit yield of the area so far can be reduced. It was proved that it could break through and was cultivated as a track record. It seems that there is still a difference compared to the Dutch environmental control technology, but if individual producers evolve this technology in existing houses in a way that suits the environment and conditions of Kochi, all items will be all. It has also been clarified from the verification that it can be spread to producers. Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries will develop next-generation facility horticultural bases nationwide, modeled on Dutch horticultural agriculture with strong international competitiveness, in order to develop facility horticulture toward the next generation. The facility gardening introduction acceleration support project has been underway since 2013, and it seems that Shimanto Town has been adopted as one of them. This project is to introduce a large-scale facility in the Netherlands as a base almost as it is, and the target for increasing yield is about 10 to 30% by the new gardening system. It seems that they are aiming for a high level of 100% or more. In this project, cost reduction by large-scale consolidation of facilities, anniversary by advanced environmental control technology utilizing ICT, planned production will be realized, and seedling raising facilities and collection and shipping facilities will be integrated. It seems. By fusing advanced technology and strong sales force, it seems that it will be possible to raise income and create local employment by performing everything from production to preparation and shipping. In addition, in light of the recent rise in fuel prices, it seems that it is aiming to break away from fossil fuel dependence and reduce costs by utilizing the energy of local resources such as woody biomass. This project seems to have been a long-awaited model project for this prefecture, which has a large forest area and has been promoting agriculture by specializing in facility horticulture. I heard that in this prefecture, the consortium consisting of industry, academia and government, and the working team set up in the prefectural office have been the center of efforts, and the business has been developed based on the 4.3-hectare model complex in Shimanto Town. This housing complex is a large-scale production base with high quality and high yield by advanced environmental control, and at the same time, it is also a base facility that shows a successful model of large-scale management in order to spread advanced technology throughout the prefecture. Taking advantage of what the prefecture has learned from the Netherlands, it seems that all the people involved have worked together to improve the farming process in preparation for the start of farming in 2016. The story jumps, but in order to support matching with the production area so that the trainees who will be responsible for agriculture in the future can start farming more smoothly when they start farming, we will exchange information and support regarding acceptance after the training is completed. It seems that they are going. Currently, in order to strengthen the matching function, instead of listening passively to the needs of new farmers, the producers in the production area are firmly informed to those who wish to start farming about the human resources needed for the maintenance and development of the production area. It seems that they are having discussions that can be told. In addition, it seems that they are studying a mechanism to collect and provide more specific information such as the development of agricultural land and cultivation houses to actually start farming, and housing information. In addition to these efforts, it is expected that the advanced large-scale management that will actually be carried out in the adjacent next-generation facility gardening complex will greatly inspire new farmers, farmers, and leaders studying at the center. It is practiced. In addition, it seems that businesses that farm in the housing complex also have the advantage of participating in advanced training held at the center and receiving technical support from the center's specialist staff. Due to the synergistic effect produced by both parties, it is expected to become a major base that has the functions of fostering farmers and promoting the spread of advanced technology. In this prefecture, from 2008, we have established “learning and teaching places” in about 200 places in the prefecture so that we can spread the technology of local farmers as the technology of the whole production area with “cohesion of production area”, and we are a leader of the area. I heard that they are working to spread new technologies with the cooperation of serious farmers. Kochi's green thumb (How to make money, how to make money ) And “a mechanism to learn and teach each other with the cohesiveness of the production area”, it seems important to make a diligent application while sharing information with everyone. “Tosa Pomelo” : Hoga, Kajiki Town, Former Aira District（Present: Aira City）, Kagoshima Prefecture : It originated from an old tree that was there. It is considered to be the same variety or group as Citrus Otachibana of Experiment Station. Hoga Pomelo label on Kochi Fruit Tree Experiment Station-Asakura, Kochi City opened in 1929. In 1943, Mr. Fumiya Miyaji, a farmer in Tosa City, made a sapling that was made at the “Agricultural Experiment Station Asakura Experiment Station (currently the Agricultural Technology Center Fruit Tree Experiment Station)” in Kochi City in the early Showa period. It started when I planted it in the Miyanouchi area of No. Since 1946, the brothers Mr. Masanori Miyaji and Mr. Kazuo have inherited and laid the foundation for cultivation. This is a raw tree sapling. Kochi Prefecture accounts for more than 90% of the national total, of which Tosa City accounts for about half. Expected to be harvested from trees and stored and ripened before shipping in December and January. When grown late, the sugar content increases. It tends to be easily damaged by the cold and does not have a unique flavor. In the case of overwintering on a tree, it is in a ‘granulation’ state due to the cold. Therefore, it is stored and shipped in the ‘field burial.’ The fruit is astonishingly large and has a warm color like the sun. In addition, the unique refreshing scent that floats in the air is pleasant.
Kochi Prefecture's specialty citrus is now sold as a specialty at fruit and vegetable stores throughout the prefecture from early spring to spring. It seems that the log was found at the entrance of the Horticultural Department of Kochi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station (currently the Fruit Tree Experiment Station of the Agricultural Technology Center), which was established in 1929. It seems that all Tosa Pomelo cultivated in the prefecture grew from this tree as a mother tree. This log is said to have died due to transplantation during the construction of the main building of the Fruit Tree Experiment Station in 1962. There is a record that the size of the tree is 65 cm around the trunk, which is 30 years old, and the height of the tree is 3.4 m. It seems. Saplings grown from this log were introduced to farmers in Tosa City, Tosa City in 1943. It is said that Mr. Tsuneo Watanabe, the director of the Horticultural Department of the Kochi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, introduced a variety called “Hogen Buntan (originating in Kajiki Town, Aira District, Kagoshima Prefecture)” in 1927. Kochi Prefecture is a production area where shipments account for 80% of the national market share.
It seems that the germination period, the beginning of flowering, the peak and the end of flowering in 2021 were early. The beginning of fruit drop is normal, and the end is earlier than normal. It seems that the amount of shoots is large, the amount of flowering is medium, and the amount of fruit set is medium. The beginning and end of coloring seems to be later than normal. As of December 16, 2021, the sugar content (Brix) and citric acid content seemed to be normal.
It is a fruit with a high rare value because it is cultivated less frequently than Crystal Pomelo. It is delicious and can only be enjoyed during the very short period of the year-end and New Year holidays, and it is very popular as a winter gift / gift for the year-end and New Year holidays. The charm of Tosa Pomelo is the unique scent of Pomelo. Just leave it in your room and it will give you a refreshing and pleasant scent that is strong enough to become a natural perfume in your room. When the peel is peeled off, the scent fills the room. The sugar of the yellow pomelo is fructose, which is the sweetness of honey, but the sugar of the red mandarin (Citrus unshiu, Iyokan, ponkan, etc.) is sucrose, which is the sweetness of the sugar component. The elegant sweetness is a gift from Kochi, Shikoku.
