Specific nuclease are used for genome editing, and are broadly divided into artificial nucleases and RNA-guided nucleases. An artificial restriction enzyme is an artificial restriction enzyme that combines a DNA-binding domain designed and produced to specifically bind to a target sequence with the DNA-cleaving domain (nuclease domain) of the restriction enzyme FokI. When a pair of artificial nucleases bind to adjacent target sequences, they form dimers in the nuclease domains and induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the spacer sequences between the target sequences. On the other hand, in the RNA-induced type, a short-stranded guide RNA binds to the target, It seems to be a system that induces DSB by CRISPR-associated 9 with two nuclease domains.

【Product name】
Cauliflower
【Type】
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
【Producing area】

Kasuya Town, Kasuya District, Fukuoka Prefecture (JA Kasuya, JA Zennoh Fukuren)
【Origin of name】
Dérivé de cauli fleuri, qui signifie chou fleur.
【Major features】

Momochihama store was broadcast live on TNC TV West Japan on December 11th at Mr. Shinsuke Hakoda’s farm in Kasuya Town, Kasuya District, which is under the jurisdiction of JA Kasuya, and promoted the appeal of seasonal cauliflower. Located in the section of village Okuma, Kasuya Town, ‘Nanomi no Sato’, which is popular with everyone, operates as a direct sales place for JA Kasuya district producers. In addition, it seems that they carefully select seasonal agricultural products from the Karatsu area of Saga Prefecture and sell them directly. In addition, it seems that they try to make sure that customers can enjoy seasonal items throughout the year. In the future, it seems that they will continue to create shops that are rooted in the region so that producers and consumers can be truly pleased. JA Kasuya has jurisdiction over Koga City, Shime Town, Kasuya County, Umi Town, Sue Town, Kasuya Town, Sasaguri Town, Hisayama Town, and Shingu Town. In formulating the 5th Koga City Basic Comprehensive Basic Concept, we have been working to improve the social structure of Japan due to changes in the demographic structure due to the rapid progress of declining birthrate, aging population and population decline, and increasing awareness of crisis management against various risks such as natural disasters. The economic situation has changed significantly. Under these circumstances, there is a need to make the most of the city’s strengths, regional characteristics, and useful resources cultivated by its predecessors, connect it to the future, and create a sustainable city that stably supplies necessary citizen services. Seems to be Based on a medium-to long-term perspective, we have formulated a basic concept as a guideline for sustainable urban development that indicates the future city image that the city should aim for and the basic policy to achieve it. As a plan for the conception period and promotion, the conception period is his 10 years from 2022 to 2031. Formulated an action plan showing specific measures and business operations to be implemented in order to realize the future city image positioned in the basic concept. In order to respond to changes in socio-economic conditions and to be effective, flexible, and responsive, the action plan will last four years and will be reviewed annually in a rolling manner. I will extract the rough form, but I would like to note the important items here. Policy 3-2 For the promotion of agriculture and forestry, aim (the image of the town that the policy is aiming for) to manage agriculture in a stable and sustainable manner, and create an excellent environment that maintains multifaceted functions such as agricultural production infrastructure, water resource cultivation, and disaster prevention. A town where farmland and forests are preserved is ideal. As measures and their direction, in order to conserve and effectively utilize farmland, improve agricultural productivity, and improve agriculture in the city, we will secure cohesive and excellent farmland through infrastructure development projects, Promote accumulation. In addition to being a place for agricultural production, it is also a place for the formation of rich rural landscapes, conservation of biodiversity, places for environmental education and learning, and water sources. In order to conserve farmland with multifaceted functions such as recharge, disaster prevention and mitigation, etc. as a valuable asset, support for activities to conserve farmland that is currently in use, promotion of farmland lending and borrowing for matching with appropriate farmers, cultivation. Elimination of abandoned farmland and systematic development and maintenance of agricultural facilities such as waterways and reservoirs are promoted. In addition, in order to promote sustainable farm management, new farmers, women farmers, community farming organizations, and other diverse actors to be motivated to engage in agriculture, we will provide support for training and establishment according to needs. At the same time, in order to enable sustainable agriculture in the future, we will produce rice, wheat, and other high-value-added horticultural crops, promote smart agriculture using robot technology and ICT, and prevent damage from harmful birds. Supporting efforts to stabilize agricultural management. In order to ensure that citizens and businesses can use local agricultural products as ingredients and ingredients with peace of mind, we are working to strengthen the functions of the cosmos museum and disseminate information on the appeal of agricultural products, promoting local production for local consumption. In addition, we support the expansion of sales channels in Japan and overseas by taking advantage of the proximity to large consumption areas and excellent transportation convenience. Together with producers, we will focus on the various functions and roles of agriculture, develop an interest in agriculture, food, the environment, etc., and make it possible for consumers to incorporate health promotion and environmentally friendly actions into their lives. Providing places and opportunities to experience farming. Promotion of forestry that protects forests, utilization of ICT based on the forest management system, efforts to clarify owners and boundaries, maintenance of healthy forests by clearing undergrowth and thinning, etc. Motivated and capable forestry managers In addition to promoting the consolidation of forestry operations in the forestry sector in the future, forests that are not suitable for forestry management will be diverted to forests that are closer to nature to maintain multifaceted functions. Agriculture in Kasuya Town is a suburban agriculture centered on paddy rice, and because it is adjacent to Fukuoka City, an ordinance-designated city, urbanization has progressed, and the farmer population seems to be decreasing year by year. The city has a long history of growing vegetables. In the old days, it was known as a production area of cabbage, but in recent years it seems to be famous as a production area of broccoli. In addition, Kayoicho Park (a symbol of the town, a sports and recreational space rich in nature where you can experience the workings of the four seasons. It seems that it is possible to use the field for light exercise such as walking and picnics while enjoying nature. From children to the elderly, it is used to improve health and refresh the mind according to the physical strength and age of each townspeople.) It seems that the roses that can be seen in the inner rose garden are also being cultivated. In addition, a large-scale commercial complex in Sakado Ward has a “Kasuya Agricultural Cooperative Specialty Corner” where vegetables harvested in the morning are exhibited. Hyakunin mound: Built near the entrance of 徳鳳山崇月院 Senzoji Temple. In 1732, the famine that swept across western Japan caused many victims in Sakado village, and it seems that 197 people lost their lives. It is said that this monument was erected seven years after the Kyoho famine, with the young people of the village playing a central role in collecting funds and praying for the well-being of the deceased. Eki Shrine: Located on the right side of Sannomiya Shrine worship hall. It is said that the shrine was built in hopes of warding off the epidemic that killed many people during the Kyoho era of the Edo period. The festival is held on May 8th every year, and until the end of the Meiji period, many people from other regions also attended the festival, and it seems that the food stalls were bustling with people. Since the number of epidemics has decreased, the role played by the plague shrine has become smaller, and festivals are no longer held. Fiscal 2022 Kasuya Town Paddy Agriculture Promotion Council Vision for Strengthening Paddy Profitability. It seems that the main type of agriculture is suburban agriculture. Apart from paddy rice, broccoli and other vegetables are the main crops. In recent years, the liberalization of imports of agricultural products, sluggish prices, and the expansion of the Fukuoka metropolitan area have led to demand for residential land, as well as land for commercial facilities and distribution facilities. It seems that both the number of farmers and the area of arable land under management are declining as a result of the expansion of demand for land, the conversion to residential land and commercial and industrial land is conspicuous. Along with this, there are concerns about a shortage of agricultural successors and an increase in dilapidated farmland. Policies and goals of efforts as a production area to strengthen profitability by introducing highly profitable crops and improving added value such as crop rotation. Planned production according to demand, barley and oatmeal. Relations with the Kasuya Agricultural Cooperative, etc., regarding the consolidation of farmland to farmers to improve the yield and quality of beans, the introduction of complexes and low-cost production technology, and the expansion of cropping of highly profitable horticultural items such as broccoli and soft vegetables. It seems that the agencies are working together and providing support. In addition, policy and goals as a production area for the effective use of paddy fields, including conversion to upland fields Production of upland crops only through on-site confirmation of fields based on the items described in the farm management plan submitted by the producer and the paddy field ledger. It seems that the state of paddy use will be inspected, such as whether there are any paddies that have not been planted for a long time as regulated paddies. Based on the results of the inspection, it seems that they will consider and promote the block rotation of paddy rice and vegetables, etc., and the conversion of paddy fields to upland fields where there is no prospect of paddy rice cultivation in the future. Regarding the policy for each crop, as for staple food rice, since the cultivation unit area of paddy rice is small and mainly farmers for self-consumption, Although it is difficult to make it a production area for use, it seems that they will continue to ask farmers for their cooperation in producing rice that meets demand. As for cultivation, we will thoroughly implement cultivation techniques such as the introduction of excellent varieties and appropriate fertilization management, and promote environment-friendly production such as soil preparation by applying organic matter. Currently, we are mainly planting varieties of ‘Yumetsukushi rice（Meshimaru Yume Tsukushi is a rice variety from Fukuoka, born from Koshihikari Park, which has a reputation for its deliciousness, from its father, and Kinuhikari rice, which is hardy and easy to grow, from its mother. The year of adoption was 1994, and the “dream” of Yume Tsukushi rice entrusts us with our dreams and hopes for the future. Seems to be included. Yume Tsukushi rice was born 20 years ago, and is the most popular rice produced in Fukuoka Prefecture, boasting the largest production volume in the prefecture, surpassing many others.）’, ‘Genki Tsukushi rice（An original variety from Fukuoka Prefecture, developed over 10 years to produce rice that grows well even in the high temperatures of summer. His mother is “Tsukushi Roman rice” and his father is “Wase Tsukushi Rice”. “Genki” means delicious rice that can withstand the heat and grows vigorously, giving energy to those who eat it.）’ and ‘Hinohikari rice（It was raised in 1989 at the Miyazaki Prefectural General Agricultural Experiment Station, and has “Koshihikari rice” as its father and “Koganebare rice” as its mother. Aiming for a delicious variety, we added two generations of selection to select strains that are as glossy as Koshihikari rice when cooked in a beaker. Yang represents western Japan and Kyushu, and it seems that the name comes from the fact that rice shines like the sun.）’. It seems that it promotes the cultivation of rice desired by consumers and actual users by guiding planting according to the use of the farmers. In addition, it seems that they are trying to improve the quality by thoroughly implementing countermeasures against high temperatures and switching to “Genki Tsukushi rice”, which is a breed grown in the prefecture. Although it is a highly profitable crop, it seems that vegetables and flowers for farmers’ markets are being planted in the conversion paddy fields. Currently, we are promoting the production and sales of a wide variety of crops, mainly through direct sales of agricultural products. Going forward, we will continue to promote the planting and sales of highly profitable vegetables and flowers by taking advantage of our location in the outskirts of the city. It seems that they will try to maintain and expand the area and expand their local production and consumption efforts. ‘Mugikurabe’, a cafe that offers breads made with Kyushu-grown barley and menus that use domestically-produced barley, such as barley drinks, is scheduled to open in Kasuya Town, Fukuoka Prefecture on February 1, 2023. It seems to be an antenna shop-like cafe aimed at expanding the use of domestic wheat. In addition, this facility is a type B facility that supports continuous employment, and I have heard that it is an “agriculture-welfare collaboration” type operated mainly by people with disabilities. “Agricultural welfare collaboration” is one of the initiatives that leads to the solution of problems in both the welfare field related to people with disabilities and the agricultural field, which is suffering from a shortage of successors. Business planning, etc., is carried out by Katabo Co., Ltd. under contract from the Japan Association for Improving Rice and Wheat, and zero medical Co., Ltd. (headquartered in Higashiyama, Meguro Ward, Tokyo) handles facility management, including the employment of staff for people with disabilities. The content is management consulting that promotes realization and CSV management, planning and operation of media using the Internet, and related production work, information provision services related to medical care, welfare, nursing care, etc. obtained through own media, sales support and sales promotion In addition to the production of websites for the purpose of, proposal, planning and development of various tools) seems to be done. Agriculture-welfare collaboration tends to be understood in the narrow sense of collaboration between agriculture and welfare (persons with disabilities). Diverse people with social difficulties, such as those with disabilities, the poor, and the legally handicapped, are included. In the vision for promoting agriculture-welfare collaboration, etc., announced in June 2019, “Agriculture-welfare collaboration is not limited to efforts to promote the active participation of persons with disabilities in the agricultural field, but as a universal initiative, it can be applied not only to agriculture but also to various industries. At the same time, it is also important to broaden and reconsider support for employment and social participation support for the elderly, the poor, and those in a state of social withdrawal, as well as recovery support for those who have committed crimes or delinquency.” Is specified. After that, in many situations, the expression “agriculture-welfare collaboration” changed to “agriculture-welfare collaboration, etc.” is the expectation for new value that will be created by expanding the meaning of agriculture and fortune. It seems empty. It should not be forgotten that people with disabilities may not be able to do all the work due to the characteristics of their disabilities. After ascertaining what can be done, it seems that sometimes it is necessary to separate the work and give guidance. In addition, it seems that it is difficult to acquire skills if employment is unstable. Depending on the weather, there are days when farm work can be done, and there are days when it cannot be done. If you can’t ask for work continuously, it seems that it may be difficult for people with disabilities to acquire skills. It also seems that special attention should be given to safety. Agriculture uses agricultural machines and tools. In order to work safely, it is necessary to explain how to use and operate the machine in a way that people with disabilities can understand. Excerpt from JA Kasuya. Cauliflower is said to grow at temperatures between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius, making it a heat-tolerant and cold-tolerant vegetable. Summer sowing and autumn / winter harvesting are the easiest times of the year to grow, and in warm regions, the sowing season is from mid-July to late August. As for cauliflower, flower bud formation depends on the size of the foliage and a certain amount of low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to use different varieties in order to enjoy a long harvest. Wase varieties such as “Baroque” (Sakata seed), “Snow Crown” (Takii seedling), “Yukimatsuri” (Musashino Seedling), etc. Nakate variety “Teruzuki” (grass appearance, flower buds are pure white. Special quality) Mid-season species. December to February in general flat and warm areas. Outer leaves are dark green and grow vigorously. The grass is upright, and the core leaves wrap the flower buds well to prevent discoloration due to sunburn. The flower buds are pure white and swell. Good firmness, firmness and slow loosening. It is sown in August in generally mild areas and harvested from December to late February.)” (Nozaki Seed), “Snow Dress” (Takii seed) Misei® (cultivar for dense planting with very compact stems, leaves and flower buds). Wase cultivar with excellent heat resistance that can be harvested around 70 days after planting. It has a weighty feel, is juicy and delicious, and is suitable for eating raw. It exhibits its characteristics best when harvested with flower buds with a diameter of about 10 cm (350 g)” (Sakata Seed), “Cauliflore” with stick-shaped flower stalks (Tokita) It seems that there are also unique varieties such as seedlings).

Cauliflower is thought to have its roots in wild kale, and is said to have branched off from its ancestors in the cruciferous family, which is the same as Chinese cabbage and cabbage. Cauliflower is thought to be a mutated form of broccoli, which eats flower buds and is related to broccoli. Originally from the Mediterranean coast, it was introduced to Japan in the Meiji era, but it seems that it did not become very popular at the time. Demand increased with the westernization of food after World War II. Kayocho (Originally a gayo for a noble person to ride, it refers to a person who carries Horen or a palanquin. The person who carries Horen or Mikoshi is a lower-ranking official who belongs to the Japanese Imperial Court. Nowadays, Kakoshicho means a portable shrine. Kayocho Pond that spreads throughout the ward (It is written in an ancient document that it was built by Shigeemon Kawamura, who was a county shogunate administrator, in 1697 during the Edo period and became the current shape.) It used to be one of the three major ponds in Chikuzen.However, various relics such as stone tools from the Paleolithic and Jomon periods can be collected from the bottom of the pond. It seems that traces of people’s habitation can be confirmed here.) It is counted as one of the three major ponds in Chikuzen. It seems that it was sung as “Kayocho of Kasuya”. In addition, it is said that this pond, which has a circumference of about 4 kilometers, is divided into eight entrances and exits, and that “Orochi” lives in it, with one head sticking out of each cove. Few people swim there, and when there were occasional drownings, it was feared that it was the work of the Orochi. There is also a legend that a copper hanging bell is sunk in the pond in front of Kakoshi Hachiman as an amulet. Now it is maintained as a park, and the old legend has faded.

This excellent agricultural product has recently been attracting attention as a diet food and as a measure against diabetes. A large amount of dietary fiber is good food for good bacteria in the intestines, increases the bulk of stools, and maintains an appropriate amount of water to prevent and improve constipation and improve the intestinal environment. It is said that regulating the intestinal environment is important for making a body that is easy to lose weight. In addition, prevention and improvement of constipation seems to lead to control of cholesterol. It also has the potential to prevent rapid spikes in blood sugar levels.

For ATP-inhibited nucleases from cauliflower inflorescence meristems: A general term for nucleases that hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond between the sugar and phosphate of deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid to nucleotides. A thermostable Cas9 nuclease. The present invention appears to be related to the field of genetic engineering, and more particularly to nucleic acid editing and genome modification. An isolated Cas protein or polypeptide fragment thereof having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a sequence at least 77% identical thereto, which is capable of cleaving DNA at temperatures ranging from 50°C to 100°C. provides a Cas protein or polypeptide capable of Further provided are isolated nucleic acid molecules, expression vectors and host cells encoding said Cas9 nuclease. The Cas9 nuclease disclosed herein is a novel tool for genetic engineering at high temperatures and appears to be of particular value in the genetic engineering of thermophilic organisms, especially microorganisms (JP2018522544A, Japan: Professor Seisuke Kimura, affiliation : Department of Industrial Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyoto Sangyo University. Date of presentation, 1998/12/16.）

In June 1961, he directly appealed to the U.S. government and Congress for the return of the Mito bombing range (return of the Mito bombing range in 1973). Proceed with garden city planning. He thought that farming villages would collapse if he didn’t create an environment where young people could live, and this is the origin of the “Garden City Concept.” Advocated by Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928), the founder of the Garden City Association in England, “I believe that self-government that is organized creates beautiful character, and self-government that is active creates a new folk style.” Through the revolution of consciousness as their own problem, the farmers themselves discuss how to improve their lives and how the village should be, bring together the funds they have, and if they can come up with a plan, they will request the prefectures and municipalities to implement it concretely, and based on that, they will back them up. It is a democratic way of going. This project was later taken up as a rural environment improvement project.

【Product name】
Raw cloud ear mushroom (coarse hair)
【Type】
Auricularia polytricha（Auricularia auricula-judae(Bull. : Fr.)Wettst.）
【Main office】

Takeigama, Kashima City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Kashima Factory: Shizaki (Harakin Co., Ltd.)

【Origin of name】
The kanji character “wooden ear” is used because it resembles the shape of an ear, and the texture is crunchy like a jellyfish. It seems that the attention was focused on the fact that the cloud ear fungus is more hairy than the cloud ear fungus, and the surface is covered with hairs of 450 μm or more in length.
【Major features】

Harakin Co., Ltd. manages the growth of the fungus to maintain the environment that the fungus prefers, as it is important to balance the four elements of temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, and illuminance. When it is time to harvest, employees harvest each one by hand, and it seems that everything from washing with water to packing and shipping is carried out at the company’s own factory. Developed the world’s first high-speed cloud ear mushroom cultivation technology. The Cultivation Research and Development Division independently developed a unique cultivation technology that has never existed before and obtained a patent. As a result, the growth cycle can be greatly shortened, making it possible to harvest and ship live jellyfish that are thicker and more voluminous throughout the year. Aiming to improve quality, we are striving to deliver even more delicious live jellyfish to our customers. The amount of cloud ear mushroom production is top class in Japan, but the development of cultivation technology has enabled stable harvesting and shipping throughout the year. Since 2013, the annual production volume will be 100 tons, and from 2020, the annual production volume will be over 200 tons, making it one of the top producers of live jellyfish in Japan. Using state-of-the-art indoor production, we cultivate high-quality mushrooms that are friendly to both the environment and people. Mr. Kenji Hara, the representative of Harakin, started farming at the age of 21 as the eldest son of a farmer who cultivates melons in Kashima City. He farmed with his father for two years. Bare ground, which was the mainstream at that time, was greatly affected by the weather. I was looking for farm products. It seems that the facility for indoor cultivation of mushrooms requires a huge amount of construction funds, so they had a lot of trouble. Despite opposition from those around him, his enthusiasm convinced those around him, and in 1982 he built a production plant for oyster mushrooms (pleurotus ostreatus) and in 1988 a production plant for shimeji mushrooms (Hypsizigus marmoreus). Construction. Currently, Harakin seems to be cultivating top-class mushrooms in Japan, mainly bunashimeji and king oyster mushrooms. Through cultivation, he seems to have been fascinated by the components of cloud ear mushrooms. Also, I wondered why nutritious cloud ear mushrooms were not produced domestically, so I did some research and found that most of the cloud ear mushrooms consumed in Japan were mainly dried cloud ear mushrooms imported from China. It seems that only a few Japanese companies started domestic production because the consumption of imported cloud ear mushrooms had become established. Food is what makes the human body, so we want to make this excellent agricultural product safe and secure. I wanted to switch to something good for my body, so I took action. With this in mind, I started researching cloud ear mushroom cultivation, and after four years, started producing and selling purely domestic live jellyfish. Furthermore, from 2015, we started selling Hana-kikurage, which weighs more than 200 g per strain, and is especially thick and voluminous, and has been carefully selected and branded. In addition, the company he founded has abolished the retirement age system since 2008, and actively advertises job vacancies for people over the age of 60 under the slogan, “Work until the age of 90.” Introduced a form of employment that allows Senior employees over the age of 70 now make up less than 10% of the total. In 2016, this initiative was highly evaluated, and received the highest award in the “Elderly Persons Employment Development Contest” commended by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare. In the process of making a medium for inoculating mushrooms, the raw materials are sawdust, mainly bran, bean curd refuse, and corncob meal. Moisture content is adjusted to 65%. It seems that the raw material is sufficiently mixed with a mixer and homogenized, then filled into an 850 cc mycelium bottle with a culture medium stuffer, capped and piled up with an automatic stacker. In the sterilization process, the bottle filled with medium is moved into the sterilization pot. This process is divided into 5 stages of heating, pre-cooking, sterilization, steaming, and degassing, and it seems to take about 6 hours. In addition to sterilizing the medium, it also has the meaning of changing the medium so that the mushroom mycelium can easily grow, so it seems to be a very important process. It seems that the sterilized culture medium is moved to a cooling room with a cooler and waits for the culture medium temperature to drop below 20 degrees in order to make the temperature suitable for inoculum. It seems that it takes about one day from the operation of the sterilization kettle to the end of cooling. Next, it is carried out with a fermenting machine in a fermenting room that has been made into a clean room, and the hyphae spread while absorbing nutrients from the culture medium. From cultivation to maturation: Bottles inoculated with the inoculum are immediately transported to an incubation room where the temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration are controlled. Cultivation is divided into 3 stages: initial culture to 10 days, middle culture to 40 days, and late culture (ripening) to 90 days, and it seems that appropriate management is performed for each growth process. The surface of the slowly matured medium is machined into a bowl shape and sprinkled with water to prevent it from drying out. After scraping the mushrooms, the mushrooms are moved to the sprouting room, where they are kept at 13°C or below for 12 days to create mushroom sprouts. After 12 days, small sprouts formed on the surface of the culture medium using the nutrients in the bottle. As this sprout grows, it looks like a mushroom. Nurturing seems to be the process of growing small mushrooms formed by sprouts. In order to make harvesting work easier, caps are put on when they are small and they are managed for another 12 days before harvesting. The mushrooms, which have been cultivated and managed for 12 days, are said to be ready for harvest after going through a four-month process from preparation. Harvesting is done slowly and carefully one by one so as not to damage the umbrella. From packaging to shipping, it seems that thorough temperature control and countermeasures against contamination are carried out in order to maintain safe, secure, and freshly picked quality. Former Daido village in Kashima (Shizaki, Daisho-shizaki, Takei, Takeigama, Tsuga, Hamazuga, Kazu, Tanagi, Arai, Aotsuka, Kakuori): Until the Edo period, villages were formed for each section of village, but when the Edo period ended and the Meiji period began, the municipal system was promulgated in 1888 and towns and villages were merged. After that, the great municipal mergers of the Heisei era; series of large-scale municipal mergers carried out between 1995 and 2010 under the temporary Special Mergers Law (Japan’s municipal mergers in Showa and Heisei era: a comparison of two government -led merger promotion policies), Kashima City was born. Initially, there was a proposal to name the city ‘鹿嶋市,’ but 鹿島市 in Saga Prefecture had been using the same name since 1954, so the same name would cause confusion. becomes. Therefore, it seems that the character of “鹿嶋” and the character of “鹿島” are mixed in the city, such as “Kashima Municipal Kashima Elementary School”. Since ancient times, the Kashima region has occupied an important geopolitical position as the base of the Yamato Imperial Court’s strategy for eastern countries, and has prospered around Kashima Jingu, the number one shrine in Hitachi Province. Along with Katori Jingu Shrine in Katori City, Chiba Prefecture, it is literally the birthplace of martial arts, symbolized by the enshrined deity of Kashima Jingu Shrine, Takemikazuchi no Mikoto. In addition to the Kashima Shinryu handed down from his ancestors, he mastered the Tenshinshoden Katori Shinto-ryu (a martial arts style founded by Ienao Iizasa in the middle of the Muromachi period and one of the three major sources of martial arts) handed down from his adoptive father, Shinto Kashima. Matsumoto Bizen no Kami Naokatsu (founder of the Kashima Shinryu school) and Matsumoto Bizen no kami (the founder of the Kashima Shin-ryu school) are described as Kiseigen in the records. His name was originally Masanobu, but he was given one character after an audience with the 9th shogun Yoshihisa Ashikaga. It is said that he changed his name to Naokatsu, and it is said that it was also his childhood name. The Matsumoto family was the family of Kashima Shishukuro in Hitachi (Ibaraki Prefecture) for generations, and was also the Horibe (shinto priest) of Kashima Jingu. Saemondayu Kashima, the lord of Kashima Castle in the country, is the youngest son of Emperor Kanmu. He prays day and night before the gods of Kashima and asks for the mystery of the sword.Seeing a dream at night, which is a peculiarity of faith, I was given a scroll of scrolls. This is the sword of Shinden Reiken, and from now on, the sword of the legal form has been determined. The scroll I was given was a book dedicated by Yoshitsune, Lü Shang’s two. This is the legend of the books on the art of war in ancient China, which was taught to Yoshitsune by Kiichi Hogen, and Matsumoto mastered it, mastered the secrets of the sword, and became a master. In honoring the name of this sword, it was said to be a legend given by the gods, but it was called Shinkage-ryu because it was the shadow of the gods. The samurai at that time had to learn everything, so it was a comprehensive martial arts. Twenty-three times he was a man of great valor, twenty-five times he had made a name for himself, and seventy-six people had defeated his enemies. In the fall of 1524, after the death of the head of the family, Kagemoto, his younger brother Yoshitomo fought bravely in Takamanohara, where he was attacked at night. Bizen no Kami was stabbed in the side with a spear and died at the age of 57). He went out and raised the name of Takenosato even more. At the end of the Edo period, it was said that the keystone of Kashima Shrine held down the head of a large catfish that caused earthquakes in the ground. Was very popular, but eventually it turned into a bitter satire of the shogunate and society, which was confused by the arrival of black ships and the capitalists who were making huge profits in the reconstruction, so it seems that it was cracked down and disappeared rapidly. Norifumi Kashima was born into the Daiguji family, who served as chief priest of Ise Jingu Shrine and founded place of study, the predecessor of Jingu Kogakukan University. From an industrial point of view, Kashima, which was a half-farming, half-fishing town, reached a major turning point in the late 1955s with Kashima Development, which was started by Ibaraki Prefecture. In the Kashima region, which was called an isolated island due to the inconvenient transportation, under the slogans of “freedom from poverty” and “both agriculture and industry”, a port was constructed, an industrial park was created in the coastal area, and an urban area and agricultural park were built. It seems that a wave of gigantic development surged toward the goal of building 300,000 cities, with the development of the city as the pillar. As a result, the three target towns of Kashima, Kamisu, and Hasaki seem to have changed greatly. The Kashima Rinkai Industrial Zone spreads over 2,916 hectares along the coast of Kashima and Kamisu. About 160 companies, such as steel, petrochemicals, and animal feed, are located in areas such as Kashima Port, which is a Y-shaped excavated harbor built on sand dunes, Takamatsu in Kashima City, and Kannoike East and West in Kamisu City. accumulation. In 2014, the shipment value was about 2.3 trillion yen, and the total number of employees was about 20,000. Its history began in 1960. Governor ‘Niro Iwakami’ (1913-1989: On November 29, 1913, he lived in Kotoku, Naka City as the youngest of four daughters, including his father, Kotaro, and his mother to be born. Born in his father’s unlucky year, he says he was abandoned and picked up at a three-way intersection in his birthplace. He says that when he was in elementary school, he was a frail child and was often absent from school and was not expected to do much. His father used to serve as a member of the prefectural assembly alternately with the main family in the Minsei Party. It is said that he owned 40-odd yards of land and forests, as well as engaged in the soy sauce brewing and transportation businesses, and established Marutori headquarters in Tsuchiura, where he was friends with Senzaburo Hataya and Keikichi Nakano. It is said that he once served as a part-time mayor at the request of a certain prefecture, such as Shirakawa Village. He entered junior high school as a substitute at Ibaraki Junior High School, a private school that had just been newly established. It seems that he didn’t putt much in grades and physical education. His mother, a student of Ozawa at the Mito-Tobu building and a master of the Hokushin Itto-ryu, took him to her uncle in Kakurai to give her spiritual advice and practice kendo with a bamboo sword, he says. At school, his kendo teacher praised him, saying, “You have the talent to improve.” At the same time as graduating from junior high school, he took an entrance exam for Mito High School under the old system, but failed. His mother died when he was in second grade. After that, he entered the Faculty of Law at Kyoto University, and it seems that he was taken away by the police when he was suspected of misfiring in the fire of the temple he was staying in while he was a student. In 1940 he got a job at Bridgestone. Tire Company. This year he enlisted in the 102nd Infantry Regiment and was dispatched to China a week later. After being defeated in the war, he returned to Japan in June 1946 after traveling through China, Vietnam, and Thailand as a first lieutenant. In April 1947, he was elected mayor of Urizura. He collaborated with Pastor Kikuchi to help establish the Nazareth Garden. In the chaos after the war, there were many troubles in the town administration, and on November 29, 1949, he sought salvation in Christianity and was baptized by O.D. In 1951, he became a lecturer at a Christian junior college and lectured political science, and on the recommendation of Halley Hux, he went to the United States to study at Pepperdine University in the suburbs of Los Angeles, where he studied local autonomy and welfare administration. In April 1959, he was elected to the Governor of Ibaraki Prefecture for the first time.) Construction of a nationwide model psychiatric hospital (former Tomobe Town). Agricultural and industrial ryozen. The concept of ‘Kou’ is a strong one, guided by state power, centralized power, and large corporations. “Agriculture” is weak, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, small and medium-sized enterprises, remote areas, local governments (Agriculture as a form does not seem to refer to farmers)) at the time laid out the “Kashimanada Coastal Area Comprehensive Development Concept” and developed the Kashima Seaside Industrial Zone, which would consist of a huge excavated harbor, iron and steel, and a major industrial complex centered on petrochemicals. embarked on. Kashima development was strongly promoted. Once a half-farming, half-fishing town, the area that was called “Lonely Island” due to the inconvenience of transportation seems to have undergone a remarkable transformation into an industrial city. Kashima Port was designated as an “International Bulk Strategic Port (Grain)” in May 2011. In order to acquire the land necessary to create the coastal industrial zone, the land within the planned site was provided, and 60% of the land was obtained from outside alternative land. A unique method called Kashima’s unique land acquisition method, in which 40% of the land is provided by the landowner and 60% is transferred to an alternative land, was adopted, but the acquisition price was left as it was initially set, Organized anti-development movements also took place, apparently creating a trend of owners not wanting to let go of their land. At the same time, as the sense of high land prices spread, many workers fled to other prefectures and towns and villages in search of cheaper land, resulting in the planned population not settling. In addition, the two oil crises caused major disruptions in corporate location plans, and the Japanese economy followed a long-term slowdown without the industrial zones being formed as envisioned in the master plan. Due to these factors, as a result, infrastructure development as an overall city was delayed, and at the same time, it seems that the reality was far from the target of “300,000 cities in 1975”. In 1984, the year my younger brother was born, Ibaraki Prefecture announced the end of development, and the three towns of Kashima struggled to find their own face suitable for the new era while taking on the challenge of developing urban infrastructure that was lagging behind. Is welcoming Ono Village, which borders the northern part of the former Kashima Town, is a hinterland of the coastal industrial area. It seems that the structure will continue until it merges with Kashima Town.

Kikurage mushroom with a unique crunchy texture that is irresistible. The appeal is not only the texture. Did you know that it is also attracting attention for its high nutritional value? It contains twice as much calcium as milk, three times as much iron as liver, and is rich in dietary fiber. It is also a great accompaniment to any dish. A “raw cloud ear mushroom” refers to a superior mushroom that has never been dried after being harvested.

Currently, the domestic production of wood ear mushrooms is less than 1% of the domestic consumption, and 99% of the products in circulation are imported from China, which seems to be dried wood ear mushrooms. For our company, which has been making mushrooms for a long time in Ibaraki Prefecture, despite the fact that food safety is our number one priority, we have been forced to import a fixed amount of dried wood ear mushrooms from China for 20 years. He decided that he had to let him go, and started research on the cultivation of raw wood ear mushrooms, making a great contribution to Japanese agriculture (a unique industry).

Baby steps to Giant strides: Studying every night, he planted rapeseed in a wasteland to earn oil for his reading. The experience of harvesting about 14.4（8升）liters from just a handful of rapeseeds, growing discarded seedlings in a wasteland with great care, and harvesting one (straw) bagful of paddy in the fall brought about the blessings of nature and human beings. Along with knowing the wonders of power, they also learned that the accumulation of small efforts is important, and this becomes the basis for their subsequent actions and thoughts.

【Product name】
Tochiotome
【Type】
Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier, Fragaria L.
【Producing area】

Monoi, Moka City, Tochigi Prefecture (Moka City, Mashiko Town, Haga District, Motegi Town, Ichigai Town, Haga Town, JA Hagano, JA Zennoh Tochigi)

【Origin of name】
It was named because it was born in Tochigi Prefecture, which is a famous production area.
【Major features】

In October 2022, the 200th anniversary project for Sontoku Ninomiya (1787-1856: Kinjiro is famous as a person who contributed to the reconstruction of rural areas from the Kanto region to the south Tohoku region at the end of the Edo period. Born as the eldest son of a relatively wealthy farmer in Kayayama Village (Odawara City, Ashigarakami County) on the Ashigara Plain, he was educated by his well-educated father from an early age, and on the other hand, he was blessed with the love of his kind mother and lived happily ever after. growing up. Unfortunately, however, the Sakawa River flooded repeatedly due to abnormal weather, and the devastated fields could not be restored. He was entrusted to his uncle Manbei’s house, but despite adversity, he showed outstanding talent. In between his work, he planted discarded rice seedlings and rapeseed in vacant land and harvested them. In addition to rebuilding the household affairs of his close relatives by making use of this method, the Hattori family, the chief retainer of the Odawara clan, started a financial mutual aid system called “Gojoko” (A financial system based on morality that requires the protection of the five virtues defined by Confucianism: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith. Later the beginning of the credit union), and helped rebuild the Hattori family. It seems that he showed his talent by being requested. Before long, Tadazane Okubo (1782-1834), the lord of the Odawara Domain, recognized his excellent ideas and practical ability, and entrusted him with the financial reconstruction of the Sakuramachi territory in Tochigi Prefecture, a shogunal retainer who was a relative of the lord of the Odawara domain. It seems. He took this as an opportunity to push forward with the work of financial reconstruction and rural reconstruction. The reconstruction of the Sakuramachi fief was a difficult undertaking that took ten years of hard work, but its success quickly attracted the attention of the neighborhood. In his later years, he was appointed as a shogunate vassal and devoted all his energy to rebuilding Nikko Jinryo and some other territories of the shogunate, but at the same time he seems to have continued to guide the reconstruction of various families and territories through his excellent disciples. Also, he seems to call his ideas and methodologies ‘Hotoku’. In response to his idea that “everything has good points (virtues), and that they should be utilized (rewarded),” Tadazane, the lord of the Odawara clan, said, Your method is the virtue of the Analects. (Reward virtue with virtue). These “Hotoku ideology” and “Hotoku method” seem to have been inherited and spread by Sontoku’s descendants and disciples. Eiichi Shibusawa (1840-1931), Zenjiro Yasuda (1838-1921), Tozaburo Suzuki (1855-1913), Kokichi Mikimoto (1858-1954), Sakichi Toyoda (1867-1930), as well as. It is said that he had a great influence on representative managers of the Showa and Heisei eras, such as Konosuke Matushita (1894-1989), Toshio Dogo (1896-1988), and Kazuo Inamori (1932-2022).) who was appointed to Sakuramachi, sponsored by Sakuramachi Ninomiya Shrine in Monoi, Moka City, Tochigi Prefecture, began. On the 20th, when he is said to have been appointed to Sakuramachi, the 200th anniversary celebration of his appointment seems to have been held at the same shrine. In addition to implementing the “Sontoku Festival”, the project promotes festival events and local culture related to Sontoku. He also researches the rural reconstruction he worked on and disseminates such information. In 1823, the entire family was assigned to the Yashu Sakuramachi territory (currently Moka City), which was the territory of his branch family, on the order of the domain lord. It seems that he had already visited in 1822, the previous year, when he was appointed to a new post. After that, he seems to have worked on the reconstruction of farming villages around Sakuramachi for many years. It seems that this project was started because the relationship between Sontoku and Sakuramachi spans 200 years. Co-sponsored by the nearby temple “Soto Zen Renjoin” (Ninomiya Town, Moka City) and the Mononobe District Mayor’s Council. It seems that about 15 people participated in the Shinto ritual on the 20th. At Sakuramachi Ninomiya Shrine, Yanagida’s chief priest sings a prayer and presents a special soba. Nobuo Toyoda (the producer of Tochiotome strawberries introduced in this article), chairman of the shrine’s shrine parishioner association (as the name suggests, people who live in the area where the shrine that enshrines the tutelary deity is enshrined) said, “On the 200th anniversary festival, I want more people to know about Sontoku Sensei’s great achievements.” On November 17th of the same year, the anniversary of his teacher’s death, the 200th Anniversary Grand Festival and the Sontoku Festival Commencement Ceremony are scheduled to be held at the same shrine. In March 1997, the Hagano Agricultural Cooperative, located in the southeastern part of Tochigi Prefecture, established six JAs in Haga District City (former JA Moka, former JA Ninomiya, former JA Mashiko, former JA Motegi, former JA Ichikai), covering plains to mountainous areas. , former JA Haga) was merged and formed. The total number of union members is 15,234 full members and 4,760 associate members, totaling 20,030 (as of February 28, 2021). In the same JA jurisdiction, both rice and barley and horticultural crops are thriving, but strawberry cultivation is particularly popular among horticultural items, and it is the number one production area in Japan in terms of both production volume and sales value. The main gardening items in the jurisdiction seem to include eggplants, pears, melons, tomatoes, chives, etc. in addition to strawberries. With the aging of producers in the same JA jurisdiction, it is becoming difficult to produce heavy vegetables and heavy fruits and to invest working hours. It seems that I have been. It seems that they are promoting horticultural items to rice farmers and solidifying the production base by utilizing the greenhouse for raising seedlings of paddy rice, cultivating summer and autumn eggplants in summer and edible chrysanthemum from autumn to spring. Also, the combination of summer and autumn eggplant and edible chrysanthemum seems to play a role as a first step for those who newly start farming because of the low initial investment. It seems to be a basic crop type, but it seems to be a crop type in which purchased seeds are sown in connecting pots in early to mid-September, and lateral shoots of stocks planted in mid-to-late October are harvested in late November. Harvest ends between late March and mid-April. In recent years, a cropping pattern that extends the harvest period by re-sowing seeds has been adopted, and by repeating this, there are examples where cultivation is possible for about 10 months except midsummer, and it is cultivated almost as a year-round crop. It seems that the edible chrysanthemum subcommittee has been formed with the goals of “improving yield and quality”, “ensuring safety and security”, and “securing and supporting new growers” in order to strengthen the production base through the cultivation of excellent edible chrysanthemum. In 2020, the committee has 78 members. In the same subcommittee, it seems that in the “improvement of yield and quality”, fertilization design based on soil diagnosis is carried out at the guidance meeting, and sowing / planting workshops and on-site review meetings are held. Through these, it seems that they are leading to improvements in yield and quality by providing guidance on appropriate fertilization management and cultivation management that keeps points in mind. In order to ensure safety and security, we hold workshops on the safe use of agricultural chemicals, test residual agricultural chemicals at least twice a year, verify cultivation diaries three times a year, and GAP (Good Agricultural Practice: Agricultural production process management) In order to ensure safety and achieve better agricultural management, in agricultural production, not only food safety, but also environmental conservation, work safety, etc. To ensure the sustainability of the production process management). This seems to raise the awareness of the members of the department regarding the safe use of pesticides and production process management. In addition, for “securing and supporting new growers”, JA public relations magazines are used to recruit new growers throughout the jurisdiction, and individual visits are promoted in cooperation with the agricultural promotion office and agricultural economic relations. I have heard that three years after joining the subcommittee are regarded as newcomers, and training sessions on sowing, planting, and packing are held for newcomers, and support for cultivation is provided. Regarding shipping form, it is one type of 3 kg cardboard (packed in 150 g bag), and it seems that there are two types of standards, AL and L. It seems that the production system is such that the producers harvest, sort, bag, and box the produce, then ship it to each collection point and inspect it at JA. Also, at the beginning of the merger, the same JA seems to have been sold as a successor to the transactions of the old JA. As a result, there were a large number of trading markets, and it seems that the shipment volume and unit sales price were unstable because the sales lot was not organized. After that, it seems that by consolidating the market and setting up a dedicated department in charge of sales, the lots are grouped, and the aggregated production area information is communicated to the market and sales destinations, leading to an increase in reserved bilateral transactions. In addition, due to the work of the specialized department in charge of sales, close cooperation with production areas, sales destinations, and related organizations strengthens traditional face-to-face sales, and seems to increase stable transactions. In terms of approaching consumers, the company seems to be making various efforts to increase unit sales prices outside of the demand season. Strawberry cultivation in the Haga region introduced here is said to have begun in the early Showa period, when a potted strawberry plant was purchased at a flower shop in Moka City, and seedlings were propagated and cultivated using this as the parent stock. It seems that it started to be cultivated in earnest around the 1960s. After the 1997 merger of the agricultural cooperatives, the Hagano agricultural cooperative’s sales were the highest in the country. The varieties are Danner strawberry, Reiko strawberry, Nyoho strawberry from 1985 to 2002 (At that time, it was called East Nyoho strawberry, West Toyonoka strawberry), Tochiotome strawberry from 1996 and now It seems that it has reached Tochiotome strawberries come in large balls and have a rich, rich taste with a perfect balance of sourness and sweetness. The pericarp is glossy and bright red, and you will love it once you take a bite. Producers seem to carry out various tasks throughout the year in order to deliver delicious strawberries. Especially in recent years, it seems that work will start around June in order to match the shipment from the beginning of December. First, producers purchase parent seedlings. The first child seedling that emerges from the parent seedling is called Taro seedling, followed by Jiro seedling and Saburo seedling, and these seedlings are replanted in special pots called pots. This work is expected to be completed between the end of June and mid-July. Seedlings replanted in pots are grown well in a nursery greenhouse during the hot summer months. It seems that temperature control and moisture control are important for raising seedlings. Especially right after planting, water is applied several times a day so that the seedlings do not wither, so they are very careful about water management. After that, an experienced person checks 1-2 sample seedlings for flower buds with a microscope. The period until flower bud differentiation is about 45 days in the cold season and about 30 days in the warm season. The inside of the greenhouse is always kept warm, around 28°C in the morning and less than 25°C in the afternoon as the humidity is lowered. In addition, they use natural mating with honeybees, and it seems that they are released in the greenhouse until the end of April. As I have mentioned many times before, the Tochiotome Strawberry, which boasts the largest production volume in Japan, the large, beautiful color and shape of the Skyberry Strawberry, and the sweet new Tochiaiika Strawberry, are all popular. I am earning. The specialty “Tochiotome Strawberry” has a perfect balance of sweetness and sourness and is of high quality, and is highly appreciated by the market and consumers. Shipments continue from October to the end of May of the following year, and the peak season seems to be around January to February. JA seems to operate sightseeing strawberry picking in Moka City and Mashiko Town, Haga District.

There are many people who are newly engaged in agriculture, and it seems that the decrease in the cultivated area is small. It seems that agricultural cooperatives and producers are working together to reduce costs and stabilize the income of producers. “Tochiotome Strawberry” (From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Variety Registration Website), Application number 6947 Date of application 1994/06/21 Registration number 5248. Kei 511 Strawberry × Nyoho Strawberry) Registration No. 3452 Registration Date March 17, 1993. The date of extinction of breeders’ rights was March 18, 1995: Tochigi No. 11 strawberry. Name of variety registrant Tochigi prefecture and below. It is a cultivar selected and bred from the obtained seedlings. It has vigorous grass, large cone-shaped fruits, and a rather small number of flowers per inflorescence. It has a medium form, strong vigor, a little tall plant, moderate tillers, and a large number of runners. The leaf color is dark green, the leaf shape is upward, the thickness is thick, the number of leaves is medium, and the petiole thickness is thick. The color of the pericarp is bright red, the shape of the fruit is conical, the size of the fruit is large, the color of the flesh is light red, the color of the heart is reddish-red, the luster of the fruit is good, and the grooves of the fruit are very few. The flower size is medium, the petal color is white, the number of flowers per cluster is rather small, the peduncle is quite thick, and the peduncle is long. Firmness of fruit is quite hard, seedless zone is almost non-existent, seed drop is moderate, anthocyanin coloration of seed is light, number of seed is medium, fruit aroma is medium. It has a single season, early flowering, medium maturity, flowering position at the same level as the leaves, fairly short dormancy, fairly high soluble solids content, medium acidity, and long shelf life. Compared to “Nyoho Strawberry”, the leaves are thicker, the color of the core is reddish red, and the anthocyanin coloration of the seed is lighter. It is said that they can be distinguished from each other by their light red color, reddish color of the heart, and hard hardness of the fruit. Date of registration 1996/11/21 Duration of breeder’s rights 15 years Date of extinction of breeder’s rights 2011/11/22 Period expired. A Tochigi variety with a good balance of sourness and sweetness, and excellent compatibility with sweets such as fresh cream. Instead of “Nyoho strawberry”, it became a representative strawberry in eastern Japan, and it is the most produced variety in Japan.

At JA Hagano, together with related organizations, we determine the timing of planting, hold fertilization guidance sessions, and hold cultivation management seminars. It seems that they are trying to introduce new technologies and materials that can reduce labor. In order to deliver peace of mind and safety, it seems that they also check that there is no illegal use of pesticides. In addition, only products that have passed strict inspections are shipped, and it seems that they aim to be a production area that is trusted by market participants, consumers, and overseas.

Producers have a pre-cooler in their homes, and after harvesting, sort and pack them before shipping them to the agricultural cooperative. It seems that they mainly ship in 1 to 2 kg cardboard and containers. It ships from November to the end of May. Within the service area, the transportation time is short because it is relatively close to the Keihin market, a large consumption area. It seems that expansion of.

2007, Yawatahama City Fisheries Promotion Basic Plan: Decrease in the number of fishermen and decrease in fisheries resources in fishing grounds due to deterioration of the fisheries management environment, such as sluggish fish prices and soaring fuel oil and feed prices. In order to promote the fisheries in the future, we have formulated guidelines that show the future direction and specific measures. The goals are to secure and train fishery successors, to modernize the fish market, and to increase the consumption of local fishery products. Taking into account the period during which it will be displayed, it will be 10 years from 2011 to 2020, including the year of its formulation.

The Karashishi Festival will be held on October 18, 2023, where all the Karajishi (lion, lion, foreign beast) from Yawatahama City, Ehime Prefecture will gather together. , was the roadside station "Yawatahama Minato'' in Okishinden, the same city. Preservation societies from five districts performed, enlivening the venue with their powerful dance and drum performances, including children defiantly standing up to the approaching lion. Karashishi (a lion used to distinguish it from a boar or a deer) is a performance in which a child chases away a lion that tries to steal a treasured drum with a drumstick that looks like a sword. There are male and female lions depending on the area, and the different rhythms of the drums and dances are also a highlight. Yawatahama City in Ehime Prefecture holds an annual "Karashishi and Goshika Festival'' in October. At this event, a joint performance of the Karashishimai dance, which has been passed down from ancient times, will be held. You can see Karajishi, which are unique to this area, and perform together with Tonoma Karajishi, Gotanda Karajishi, Goda Karashishi, Katayama Town Karashishi, Shobaku Karajishi, Kusunoki Town Gotsu Karashishi, Kusunoki Town Sumoneri, and Wakayama Karajishi. In the Nanyo region, sumo wrestling is often seen during shrine festivals. Children act as the officiant and sekitori, and on the day of the autumn festival, they walk around the houses in the area singing sumo jinku. In the Yawatahama city area, many folk performing arts unique to the Nanyo region have been handed down, such as Karashishi, deer dance, sumo training, kagura, and ushi-oni. Even across Ehime Prefecture, there are a wide variety of folk performing arts, and the number of them is outstanding. The areas where sumo training and sumo jinku are held are also areas where sumo is popular. Sumo training is held in the hometowns of former sumo wrestlers Maedayama, former ozeki Asashio (Yawatahama City), and former sekitori Tamakasuga (Seiyo City). These sumo training costumes and tools were used at the October 23rd Autumn Festival at Yahatamori Shrine in Kusunoki-cho, Honai-cho, Yawatahama City, and are performed by 3rd to 6th grade elementary school students. It consists of a total of 13 wrestlers: 10 wrestlers, 1 major wrestler, 1 minor wrestler, and 1 flag bearer. At the main festival in the afternoon, sumo wrestlers (ozeki, sekiwake, middle school, otokoyama, and shide) parade around. The gyoji performs a speech, and the ozeki takes part in the yumutori. It is rare that "Sumo lively song" is included in the procession of a shrine festival, and it can be said to be a folk cultural property unique to Nanyo.

【Product name】

Fuji persimmon

【Type】

Diospyros kaki ‘Fuji’

【Producing area】

Yawatahama City, Ehime Prefecture

【Origin of name】

Cultivation began in 1928, the year commemorating Emperor Showa’s accession to the throne, and the persimmon is characterized by its divine red color and sweetness, and is said to have been named after its shape resembling Mt. Fuji.

【Major features】

Excerpt from the Yawatahama Regional Agricultural Development Office and Production Area Strategy Promotion Office. Year-round multi-drip irrigation simultaneous fertilization method cultivation using southern reserve water fertilization method) was started. It has been attracting attention as a technology for high-quality and stable production, but it seems that it was only introduced in some areas because it requires a water source. However, from this fiscal year, in the Maana district, a large-scale Marudori facility using southern reserve water has been introduced and started operation by utilizing the farmland cultivation improvement project (national government). This Marudori facility is currently 10.8 ha, and it seems that he plans to eventually expand to more than 30 ha due to maintenance work. The Regional Agricultural Development Office seems to provide cultivation guidance using manuals created in cooperation with JA. In the orchard that started operation in 2023, in order to demonstrate the effect of Marudori, it seems that they are actively applying brackish water and liquid fertilizer and collecting fine roots directly under the drip. If the basic management is properly carried out and the tree body is suitable for Marudori cultivation, the yield will increase and stable production will be possible year after year. Since there is a limit to the amount of water intake, etc. in cultivation using the southern reserve water, it seems that the cultivation manual will be reviewed in cooperation with JA, etc., so that cultivation management can be performed more effectively based on the operation results. On November 7, 2022, the first auction of Wase Unshu mandarin oranges from JA Nishiuwa was held early in the morning at Ota Market in Tokyo. In Yawatahama City, Ehime Prefecture, one of Japan’s leading mandarin orange producing areas, there are 20 markets nationwide, including the market in Tokyo. The average unit price (rough estimate) per 1 kg is 332 japanese yen (price without tax). Although the price has dropped by 3 japanese yen from last year, which was the highest since the establishment of JA, the JA seems to have said, “In an unstable economic environment, we were able to maintain the same level as the unit price, which has been trending high in recent years.” Also, according to JA, this season’s high temperature and low rainfall have resulted in a high sugar content, and rain from late October onwards has removed the sourness and produced a well-balanced fruit. Yawatahama City is located at the base of the Sadamisaki Peninsula at the western end of Ehime Prefecture, facing Kyushu across the Bungo Water Service (Uwa Sea), and is a port town that boasts one of the largest catches in Shikoku. Taking advantage of the warm climate and the terraced fields, citrus cultivation is flourishing, with brands such as “Hinomaru”, “Maana”, “Kawakami” and “Mitsuru” known throughout the country and Beni Madonna mandarin oranges. The Kuniki / Ujina district in Yawatahama City is the only area in Japan that produces “Fujigaki”. Today, however, this area is also aging and depopulated, and the lack of successors has led to an increase in abandoned farms and outsourced farmers. It seems that the current situation is that more and more farmers are switching to branded citrus. Fujigaki is famous as a persimmon that was born by chance in Yawatahama, Ehime Prefecture. Its distinctive feature is its appearance, which is the origin of its name. The tip of the mountain rises like a mountain and is the largest in Japan, just like Mt. Fuji. It has a refreshing and elegant sweetness, and the flesh is delicate and has a very smooth texture. Since it is an astringent persimmon, it cannot be eaten freshly picked, but it seems to be shipped after removing the astringency with alcohol. I refer to Shimane Prefectural Agricultural Technology Center (Ashiwatari Town, Izumo City), but when sweet persimmon matures, the tannins that give it an astringent taste naturally become insoluble and the astringent taste disappears, but Saijo persimmons and other persimmons mature. However, tannins do not become insoluble unless they become ripe persimmons. For this reason, dry ice is put in a polyethylene bag together with the fruit to remove astringency when packing the shipped fruit into boxes after sorting. However, since dry ice, which easily sublimates, is handled during packaging, the complexity of the process seems to be a problem. Therefore, in order to improve the labor of removing astringency, quality, and shelf life, the CTSD (constant temperature short-term removal using carbon dioxide gas) method, which removes astringency from a large amount of fruit at once, and the low-temperature removal method, which performs storage and removal of astringency at the same time, are proposed. Practical application of methods, etc. is under consideration. Also, when removing a small amount of astringency at home, it seems that there are methods such as removing hot water or using alcohol such as distilled spirits. In removing astringency using alcohol, 15 kg of persimmon fruit is sprayed with about 150 cc of 38% alcohol and sealed to remove astringency. After removal of astringency, the fruit has a good taste, but it softens more quickly and does not keep well. Deastringency is removed using about 90g of powdered alcohol per 5 kg of fruit. It is said that it has a good shelf life, so it is expected to be put into practical use together with improved taste. It takes longer to remove the astringency than dry ice, and if the temperature is low, it will take even longer to remove the astringency. Hot water deastringency is a method of removing astringency by immersing the fruit in hot water at 38-40°C for about 15 hours. Although the astringency removal time is short, it seems that it is not suitable for sale because of the high temperature and humidity, and the quality deterioration after the astringency removal is remarkable. Fuji persimmon is a rich and large-fruited variant of the 1927 Hachiya persimmon. In the same JA jurisdiction, it won the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister’s Award in 2003. At the beginning of the 20th century, more persimmons than mandarin oranges were produced in Ehime Prefecture. It seems that more effort was put into the production of mandarin oranges than the production of persimmons. Common persimmons weigh between 250 g and 350 g per piece, but Fujigaki produced in Kunigi, Yawatahama City averages about 500 g, with large ones weighing between 700 g and 800 g, and weighing up to 1 kg. Known as the largest persimmon in Japan, it is characterized by its deep red color and sweetness, and is traded as a luxury persimmon and gift item. Kunigi is a producer of persimmons, and in 1928, in commemoration of Emperor Showa’s accession to the throne, agricultural associations (national, prefectural, county, and town / village agricultural organizations were established. Ehime Prefecture Agricultural Association was established in 1896). , Saburoemon INOE receives a persimmon sapling. After a few years, the persimmon fruit grew, and it seems that they decided to try cultivating it because it was big. So it came to be called “Saburoemon-gaki” or “Emongaki”, and it seems that my grandfather was also called “Kakiemon”. Around 1955, it seems to have been named “Fujigaki” because it looks like Mt.Fuji. Also, in the 1955s, the price of mandarin oranges was so good that many farmers who tried to cut persimmon trees and plant mandarin oranges were scolded by their relatives and continued to cultivate persimmons. However, the result seems to have been better. Around 1965, Yoma started producing mandarin oranges and sweet (variety of) Watson pomelo in addition to persimmons. It seems that it spread in the Kunigi area from the late 1965s to the 1975s. Until then, it was a production area of leaf tobacco, but it seems that the conversion to persimmon was done at the time when profits were gradually decreasing. Nowadays, there are almost no farmers who specialize in persimmons, and there seems to be a tendency for many farmers to grow both persimmons and citrus fruits such as middle evening citrus. As for the economic aspect of the persimmon production area, it seems that the price was stable, so the income of the farmers was obtained and spread to the neighborhood. Also, tangerines are good in the 1955s. It seems that they planted it because of this, but because the soil around here was too fertile, the trees were too fat, the fruits grew too big and didn’t get any color, and they couldn’t harvest good-tasting mandarin oranges. There are two remaining Fuji persimmon trees in one farm, and they seem to have grafted the branches of these trees and divided them into neighboring areas. Since a large number of seedlings are needed, it seems that they spread the method of bringing only scions (the buds and branches to be grafted onto the rootstock) to a nursery shop, having them grow for one year, and then returning them. In the 1955s, a neighboring farmer took the buds and planted them on the persimmon seedlings. It takes two or three years for the persimmon to sprout and grow. After picking wild persimmons, sowing persimmon seeds, and waiting until the seeds sprout and can be grafted before grafting, it seems to take four or five years. Persimmons are said to last 8 years, but persimmons can be grown in as little as three years, so it doesn’t take that long. However, if you want to harvest a certain amount, it will still take about 8 years. Fuji persimmons are cultivated only in Yawatahama City in Japan. The reason why there are differences in the amount of production and shipping depending on the region is that persimmons have damaged or soiled fruits, and it seems that those that do not meet the sorting standards of the sorting house cannot be shipped outside the prefecture. It seems that those below the sorting standards are sold in the local market and consumed. Cultivation work seems to include pruning work in January and February. Trees are cut down to control overgrowth. I don’t have much work in April, so I mainly manage the garden, such as mowing the grass. In May and June, we mainly manage the garden, such as weeding, fertilization, and disinfection. Fertilizer now tends to be the same as mandarin oranges, but it seems that until a while ago it was different from mandarin oranges. It seems that the amount of N2 and H3PO4 was slightly different, but it costs more. It seems that disinfection and prevention will be done about once every 20th to 25th until October. The machine has an engine that spins a fan and moves around the park while spraying the persimmon trees with antiseptic solution. It seems that the tire is hung on the edge of the cliff and the medicine is sprayed at an angle of about 200 degrees. Fruit thinning is carried out from late June to August. The buds that remain after pruning are called the mother branch, which bears fruit. There are three or four fruits on one branch, but it seems to be the work of selecting the well-shaped fruits and making them into one. In August, the orchard is managed while finishing the fruit picking. In September, spread silver mulch. It seems that they pay attention to the risks in cultivation, how to reduce spoiled fruits, and how to increase the quality rate in production. Silver mulch is also used for mandarin orange cultivation, but a sheet like silver paper is put on the garden and light is applied to the persimmon from below. As a result, the temperature inside the park rises and the environmental conditions improve. When silver mulching was not done, good crops were close to 60%, but as soon as silver mulching was applied, excellent crops and excellent crops became 60%. Fujigaki doesn’t seem to have Wase or Okute. Harvest from brightly colored ones. Persimmons don’t seem to wear as they can’t be harvested in large quantities in one place. When it’s time to pick the fruit that has turned color, pick one here, one here, and so on, going around the trees in order. The persimmon trees are tall, so it seems that there are unexpectedly many injuries when picking persimmons on a stepladder. It seems that I have to walk around the field with a stepladder again. So now, I use a high-altitude harvesting stick that can be harvested by attaching a bag to the end of a long bamboo stick, putting the persimmon fruit in the bag and turning it around. You can pick fruit from high places without getting on a stepladder, and bamboo sticks are light, so it seems to increase efficiency. It seems that there are many farmers who are doing this kind of ingenuity now. In the 1955s, persimmons were harvested from trees in a halberd (woven straw container) or in a square bamboo basket, and a balance pole was used to carry them home. It seems that the bamboo basket was one or two times larger than the container. It seems that the bamboo basket was tied with a string and carried back and forth. There is not much difference between the Showa period and the present day in terms of removing the astringency from persimmons. Currently, the agricultural cooperative removes the astringency, but until 1982, it seems that each farmer removed the astringency. In the old days, persimmons were put in large barrels and distilled spirits were poured over them. After that, he began to put the fruit in a tea box, and then he made a room, put dozens of boxes containing the persimmon fruit, and added alcohol to remove the astringency. Currently, the agricultural cooperative has a deastringent device that can hold hundreds of containers. Spray with alcohol to remove astringency. This method was started by our union. With advice from Ehime Prefecture’s Industrial Research Institute (currently the Industrial Technology Research Institute), it seems that in the end the technology was developed on their own. We, the cooperative members, want to make the astringency removing device of the agricultural cooperative. It seems to be a device made by the manufacturer. When selling persimmons, it is sold with the fact that alcohol is removed from astringency. Most of the other production areas are carbon dioxide deastringent. Persimmon flavor seems to be different between alcohol and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide removal is better for longevity, but alcohol removal seems to give the persimmons a sweeter, milder flavor. Fuji persimmon does not have a high sugar content to begin with, so it is said that it is better to leave the sweetness. It is said to remove the astringency, but it is not actually removed. It seems that it is a problem of insoluble tannins and soluble tannins, just by preventing things that melt when put in the mouth from dissolving due to chemical changes caused by alcohol. Water-soluble tannins melt in your mouth and give you a bitter taste. As sweet persimmons ripen, the water-soluble tannins become insoluble, and you won’t feel astringency when you eat them. This seems to be the reason why even sweet persimmons taste astringent when eaten before they are fully ripe. You may also see sesame-like black dots, which are tannins that have turned insoluble. As for fruit selection, Fuji persimmons are classified into four ranks according to the selection criteria: excellent product, excellent product, good product, and good product. This seems to be determined by the persimmon’s dirtiness, shape and sugar content. There is a persimmon called tainted persimmon, which is a persimmon whose pericarp is dirty and blackened or has broken lines. It has a table of standards for staining results, and it seems that it is decided that this is good and this is not good. It seems that shipping is decided by looking at the table. Also, there seems to be a ranking according to size. There are usually four stages: 4L, 3L, 2L, and L. In addition, extra-large persimmons are ranked as 6L. This seems to be determined by weight. It seems to be ranked in roughly 50 g units. In the past, fruit was sorted according to size, appearance, appearance, and weight. Persimmons are shipped in cardboard boxes. Produced persimmons are shipped to agricultural cooperatives, which apparently ship them to the Kanto region, Kansai region (Osaka and Kobe), and the Kyushu region. From that time, it seems that it has not been sent to the Chugoku region. There was no railroad transportation, and it seems that there was a time when it was shipped to Kyushu on a ship. Until 1980, when the local Kamiyama Higashi Production and Shipment Association was established, it seems that there were many cases where they were brought to the port and loaded onto a ship to be transported to Beppu, Oita Prefecture. After that, the agricultural cooperative began to handle it, and it became truck transportation. Unqualified products (things that do not meet the standards in terms of appearance or quality) are processed at home to remove astringency and shipped to the local fruit and vegetable market. Fujigaki is more like a product that you put one in a basket of fruit. The price is too high to sell one. When it was the most expensive in Tokyo, it seems that one piece was around 800 japanese yen to 1,000 japanese yen. On average, one piece costs about 200 to 300 japanese yen. In addition, it is sold as a high-class fruit. Even if it is a persimmon, it is not a persimmon. It seems that there is now. “Yawatahama City” : The coastline forms a rias coastline（A submergent coastline with a complex narrow bay.）. Scenic landscape. City flower: Narcissus L. (1753)（Narcissus tazetta bulb）, It grows naturally in the mountains throughout the city, and the fragrance and appearance of the flowers symbolize the city. The place name is from the Yoro era (717-724), and it is said that the origin is that Hachiman Ogami（From samurai families nationwide, such as Seiwa Genji and Kanmu Taira, the god of luck (the god of martial arts) “Yumiya Hachiman”）was erected on the beach of this place. The district was based on the delta area of the Senjo River that runs through the center, and reclamation work was already carried out during the Tensho era (1573-1592). Since then, the city has been expanded from sea to sea due to repeated landfills. Goby（Gobioidei）cultivation and shipping industry have been active in the former Honai area since the Edo period.In the Meiji era, commerce and industry such as mining, shipping, and spinning developed under the new government’s policy of promoting the breeding industry. “The development of the wholesale market for marine products and the expansion of production of mandarin oranges and other citrus fruits”. After World War II, the fishing industry developed dramatically and is famous as a base for the trawl fishery. After that, while expanding the facility as a connecting port connecting Kyushu and Shikoku, the production of citrus fruits, mainly mandarin oranges, will become the main crop of the city. In the latter half of the 1970s, the fish market facilities in Okishinden were improved and it became a popular marine product distribution base. From 1980, the Nanyo Water Supply Authority started supplying water supply, and the water shortage in summer was alleviated. On March 28, 2005, the former Yawatahama City and the former Honai Town will be added to create a new Yawatahama City. “Ikata Town, Nishiuwa District” : Located on the Sadamisaki Peninsula, the westernmost tip of Shikoku. The Uwa Sea side in the south forms a coast with gentle white sand, and the Seto Inland Sea side in the north forms a ria coast. People’s lives are alive in beautiful nature. Known as a hometown blessed with a warm oceanic climate with an annual average temperature of 16 ° C. In order to inherit and nurture this hometown full of warm humanity and pass it on to tomorrow, each of us strives to create a city full of vitality and moisture. The towns of Nishiuwa District (Ikata, Seto, Misaki) merged on April 1, 2005. It is famous as a city of primary industries, mainly agriculture and fisheries. Mandarin oranges and other sweet potatoes are cultivated in terraced fields of masonry inherited from predecessors on steep lands and fields carved out on steep mountain slopes. Lively fish such as horse mackerel and mackerel are landed throughout the year. In the Uwakai, it is said that “dried young sardines fishing” by drift nets is actively carried out. etc. “Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture” : Located in the southern part of the prefecture. Beautiful mountains covered with lush greenery and the deep blue sea are eye-catching. It is famous as a city with a variety of nature in the vast land. In Old town, industry and human exchange have been actively carried out while sharing the soil of culture. It is a geographically blessed area from 0m to 1400 m above sea level, with a total area of 514.34 km2. Forests account for 75% of the total. It has a vast area even in the prefecture, and it ranges from traditional cultural characteristics to industrial characteristics in proportion to the area. I admire the unique and diverse culture. Many cultural heritages such as historic buildings and burial mounds remain in each region. Folk performing arts and traditional events are preserved and handed down. The place name “Mikame” is a tradition that was put in the dust for fear of the drum and sword launched the morning after the storm, and the three bottles. In Agriculture, citrus management that utilizes the warm climate of the coast is flourishing. Paddy farming in mountainous basins, livestock and vegetables in mountainous areas. Wetland rice: Early cultivation is said to account for about 60%, mainly for very early varieties such as “Koshihikari rice”. Direct sowing of rice on flooded paddy field is cultivated in about 10 ha. The method of cultivating coated seeds by directly sowing them in paddy fields is used. Since no seedlings or rice planting work is carried out, significant labor saving and production cost reduction are expected. There are groups that practice pepper mulch, cloth mulch, and duck（Anas platyrhynchos var.domesticus）cultivation to create rice that is safe and environmentally friendly. One of the prefecture’s leading soybean producing areas in terms of acreage and output. It is also one of the few wheat producing areas, and boasts the largest acreage by city and town in the prefecture. Forestry: Making mountains so that proprietary and local residents can cut, carry out, and ship their own trees and continue to earn income. Focusing on selective cutting, it is environmentally friendly and uses the minimum number of machines: Self-cutting type. It seems that you will learn that making a living from agriculture alone is not an easy task. In the jurisdiction, the cultivation rate is about 20.2 out of the total area of 26 km2. The citrus sector is extremely high, with fruit trees cultivated in 95.8% of all cultivated land. A citrus area centered on the coast of Yawatahawa: It is famous nationwide as a brand producing area of Satsuma mandarin orange and leads the open-air mandarin in Japan. In the hilly and mountainous areas, joint shipment of Fuji persimmons will begin in the 1955’s. It is said that a 65 ha production area is currently formed. Midnight citrus is cultivated in the mountainous areas of the Honai area. In recent years, we have also been focusing on institutional cultivation of “Dekopon orange and Setoka orange.” Institutionalization was introduced early in Ikata. The production of greenhouse mandarin oranges and facility late citrus is thriving. Kiyomi Tangor in Misaki area and New Summer Orange in the Mikame district of Seiyo City takes advantage of the frost-free conditions. These are being emphasized as local specialties. In addition, deciduous fruit trees such as kiwifruit, loquat, and pears are also actively cultivated. “Kiyomi orange”, It is a small green tree of rutaceae citrus and is also called Kiyomi orange or Kiyomi tangor. Okitsu Fruit Tree Res. Stn. “Wase Miyagawa mandarin orange” and “Torobita orange” oranges are crossed and cultivated-1949. Registration number: Tangor Norin No. 1 Registration date: June 29, 1979: Old systematic name, Citrus Okitsu No.21 mandarin orange. The cold resistance of the tree is relatively strong. However, if the peel is exposed to low temperatures, there is a risk of cold damage. Therefore, a warm winter area is desirable. The flesh is dark orange, soft and juicy, with an orange scent. Maturity is in mid-March and late varieties. I have introduced various varieties so far, but most of them are born from ‘kiyomi mandarin orange.’ It has the property of “single embryo”, which is hard to find in citrus fruits. A new variety that is different from the parent is never found under natural conditions. Most of the new varieties currently available, it was created by crossing an independent administrative institution and a prefectural test site. Usually for producing new varieties of crops, pollinate pollen（Mating）of a different variety from Mother. The resulting fruits are hybrids of Both varieties. Therefore, it has a different property from its parents. However, this does not seem to work well with Citrus Fruits. Of course, fertilization forms crossed embryos in the seed. Separately, it is called nucellar seedling. Separately, it has the property of producing a number of embryos that are formed without fertilization-Multi-embryonic. Nucellar embryony does not contain any father’s blood. The buds from embryony embryony will be of the same variety as the mother. A variety with many embryony embryos: It can be around fifty and tends to suppress the growth of only one hybrid embryo. Therefore, if you use a multi-embryonic variety for Mother, there is a high possibility of overwhelming failure. On the other hand, buds from single-embryonic varieties are definitely hybrids. After all, for new variety breeding by mating: I hear from my mother that I don’t use multi-embryonic varieties. However, there are few single-embryonic varieties. It seems that there are only a few varieties that can actually be used for mating. In developing new varieties that inherit the goodness of mandarin oranges: A very important role is expected（Kiyomi Tangor, a new blood of Satsuma mandarin orange）.

1927 Hachiya Persimmon in Yawatahama City, Ehime Prefecture.（At the Battle of Sekigahara, there is an episode in which Ieyasu, in what is now Ogaki City, was delighted when a local farmer presented him with persimmons, saying, “I won Ogaki（large Persimmon）without fighting.” Gifu Prefecture A specialty product that represents), you can find large and mutated persimmons that color quickly. It seems that this is called Fuji persimmon because it looks like Mt. Fuji. Cultivation began the following year in 1921, and it is characterized by its large bell-shaped shape, bright red color and sweetness.

The Kunigi and Ujina districts of Yawatahama City are the only regions in Japan that produce Fuji-gaki Persimmon.

I usually prune in January and February if there is no natural disaster or anything. Because it overgrows, it seems that trees are cut down to suppress it. There is not much work in April, and it seems that the main work is garden maintenance, such as mowing the grass. In May and June, it seems that garden management is the main activity, such as weeding, fertilization, and disinfection.