During the Jomon period, from about 6,000 to 4,000 years ago, Iwate Prefecture had two pottery cultures, cylindrical pottery and large wooden pottery, separated by 40 degrees north latitude, and these pottery developed while influencing each other. Hachimantai City is located at 40 degrees north latitude, where two cultures meet, and pottery that combines both cultures has been unearthed from ruins in the city, indicating that there has been cultural exchange since ancient times. In 1975, prior to the construction of the Tohoku Expressway, excavations were conducted by the Iwate Prefecture Buried Cultural Properties Center in the former Nishine Town, former Matsuo Village, and former Ashiro Town before the merger with Hachimantai City. The artifacts excavated from that time have returned home for the first time in about 40 years and are on display at our museum. In addition, we have familiar pictures to help guide you through agricultural work, such as stone circles from the late Jomon period and shading clay figurines excavated from Matsuo Kamaishi stone circles, agricultural tools, household goods, and zodiac animals that are easy to understand even for people who cannot read or write. The "Tayama Calendar (1860: An illustrated calendar published in Tayama Village, Kazuno District, Southern Region (currently Ashio Town, Ninohe District, Iwate Prefecture), dating from the mid-Edo period)'' which represents the "Tayama Calendar'' is also on display. Introducing the footprints of the people who lived in Hachimantai City in ancient times, mainly using archaeological materials excavated from ruins in Hachimantai City as well as photo panels of remains of pit dwellings discovered in the ruins.
【Product name】
Hachimantai violet
【Type】
Allium sativum L.
【Producing area】
Hachimantai City, Iwate Prefecture (JA Zennoh Iwate)
【Origin of name】
“Wamyo Ruijusho’s a dictionary compiled in the mid Heian period”, the oldest encyclopedia in Japan compiled in the middle of the Heian period, has the description “Hiru”. It was in the early Muromachi period that it came to be called “garlic”. It is said that the etymology is “ninjoku” in Buddhism, which hates odors. The Hachimantai Violet Garlic was selected from the cultivar called ‘Hachimantai’, which was cultivated in the former Matsuo Village before Hachimantai City was merged.
【Major features】
In the Matsuo-Hachimantai area, Hachimantai City, Iwate Prefecture, Japan Heavy Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and Geothermal Engineering Co., Ltd. were entrusted with a geothermal development promotion survey (2006-2008) by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). In 2010, JFE Engineering Co., Ltd. was added as a trustee, and it seems that they have explored the possibility of geothermal power generation by conducting a survey of the development potential by the same promotion survey. In 2011, Japan Heavy Chemicals, Geothermal Engineering, and JFE Engineering invested in Iwate Geothermal Co., Ltd. As natural energy that can be stably supplied regardless of the time of day or season, geothermal power generation is currently attracting particular attention toward the realization of a decarbonized society.However, geothermal power generation is relatively small in scale and geothermal resources are limited. It seems that it should be a power plant rooted in the community) was established. After that, Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. and Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security each made additional investments as shareholders. The Matsuo Hachimantai Geothermal Power Plant started operation in January 2019, the first new operation of a geothermal power plant with a generating capacity of over 7,000 kW in Japan in 22 years. Annual power generation is equivalent to the power consumption of about 15,000 ordinary households. The Hachimantai City Matsuo Mine Museum was built in 1981 as the “Matsuo History and Folklore Museum” to preserve and display materials related to the archeology, folklore, and Matsuo Mine of the former Matsuo Village area. From April 2014, it has become a tourist facility specializing in the preservation and exhibition of materials from the Matsuo Mine, which is said to be a paradise above the clouds. Matsuo Mine is located at an altitude of about 900 m on the east side of Iwate Prefecture in Towada-Hachimantai National Park. From the end of the 19th century to 1969, it existed in the former Matsuo Village, Iwate County, Iwate Prefecture (now Hachimantai City). The main mineral is sulfur, and pyrite is also produced, and it seems that at one time it was the largest sulfur mine in the East. After that, the Matsuo Mine was seriously affected by sulfur recovered from heavy oil desulfurization, and in 1969 all employees were laid off, and the mine was effectively closed rice field. The product is bright yellow sulfur, which is mainly used as a raw material in a wide range of fields such as synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers, paper manufacturing, pesticides, fertilizers, chemicals, medicines, and dyes. Masudaya, a trading company in Yokohama, joined the company in 1911 and took control of the business. After that, full-scale mining began with a large amount of investment. In 1934, the Matsuo Mining Railway was laid from Higashi-Hachimantai Station to Obuke Station on the Hanawa Line. In addition, the site of the open-pit Matsuo Mine has been certified by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as a “modern industrial heritage useful for regional revitalization”, and the materials stored here have been certified as a “recommended industrial heritage” by the Society of Industrial Archeology. Forests have been devastated by open pit mining and muck deposition. Iwate Prefecture has restored the plant to the level of grassland through pollution control work, but due to the poor quality of the soil, the plant would decline without fertilization every few years, making it difficult to continue to flourish. Regarding the entry of trees from the surrounding forests, the distance from the forests is far and the humus layer is underdeveloped, so the seeds do not settle and grow roots, and the areas are partially bare. A mat of moss (lichen) that grows on the ground appears to have made seed implantation more difficult. According to research conducted by the Tohoku Region Environment Planning Research Association, an association of academic experts in the prefecture, artificial tree planting is necessary until the trees begin to grow independently at the site of the former Matsuo Mine. It seems that if left as it is, the grassland will continue to decline and become bare again. In 1986, after a company in the prefecture made a proposal to Iwate Prefecture to start test planting on the open pit site, several groups, including the Tokanken, conducted test planting on a small area. After that, from 2002 to 2004, the Torinken carried out tree planting activities on a trial basis. Since 2005, the general public has been invited to participate, and the number of participants has increased year by year, reaching 200 in 2004. As for the tree species, it seems that native species around the mine site, such as birch, Akigumi, Japanese maple, and Japanese rowan, are planted. In addition, the Michinoku Office of the Moribito Project Committee was established in April 2006 to grow seedlings in pots in the prefectural forest. I hear there is. Under these circumstances, on February 1, 2008, the “Matsuo Mine Restoration Forest” was established on the grounds that it was necessary to establish a council to provide guidance and advice to other organizations as well as implement forestation activities and environmental studies regarding the restoration of the Matsuo Mine site council has been established. Hachimantai Violet Garlic is the only indigenous garlic species in Iwate Prefecture, and Hachimantai City registered its seeds and seedlings in 2017. The average ball weight is 120 g, which is about 20% heavier than the general variety, and the purple outer skin is impressive. Cultivation is done in October, and it seems that buds will appear in early spring when the snow melts after overcoming the harsh winter. Every year, the garlic harvested from the fields in July is dried for about three weeks, and shipments begin in mid-August. The city has excellent strains of “butterbur scape”, “hosta montana”, “garlic” and “gyoja garlic” that have been selected by individual growers for over 30 years. While trying to expand the cultivation area for these edible wild plants, it seems that they have aimed to establish Hachimantai City’s own brand by registering varieties. Cultivation is mainly done by hand, so it is mainly small and medium-sized producers, and in recent years, the aging population has led to the fact that the production has been sluggish. In addition, there is a large variation in yield and quality among producers, and it seems that they were struggling because they were not able to make the most of the excellent characteristics of “Hachimantai Violet Garlic”, which is advantageous for the production of large ball standards, which can be expected to have a high unit price. Iwate Agri Venture Net (Uchimaru, Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture: Excerpt from Agricultural Innovation Support Section, Agricultural Extension Technology Division) Until now, garlic cultivation in the Hachimantai region was mainly done by small and medium-sized producers, mainly by hand, so mechanization It seems that there were no examples of the introduction of the system in the region. Under these circumstances, since 2018, two agricultural corporations in the jurisdiction have been considering the expansion of garlic production as a useful turnover item for full utilization of rice paddies. This seems to have led to a movement to tackle large-scale cultivation by introducing a mechanized system as a transfer item. In addition, in order to popularize large-scale cultivation using a mechanized system, a field survey of the mechanized integrated system is conducted to clarify labor saving. From the results of the field survey, out of the work that can be mechanized, the mechanization of each of the work of “laying mulch”, “seed sorting / planting / soil covering”, “spraying chemicals”, and “adjustment before harvest / drying” It seems that it became clear that the total work time can be reduced by 62.7% compared to the conventional system by introducing it. In addition, with regard to the demonstrated machine, it seems that the introduction of a mechanized system was promoted by holding a labor-saving machine on-site demonstration and having the producers see the actual machine work. In addition, in order to take advantage of the excellent characteristics of “Hachimantai Violet Garlic”, we have solved the problem of inconsistencies in yield and quality among producers, and cultivated for stable production of large ball standards, which can be expected to have a high unit price. In order to improve the technology, it seems that they conducted a field survey on the actual situation of garlic cultivation and a field demonstration of fertilization. Based on the cultivation conditions identified in the survey, the planting density, fertilization, etc. suitable for large ball standard production are formulated, and cultivation materials are created and guidance is provided to improve cultivation techniques. In addition, it seems that the producers’ farm field tours were held to improve and upgrade their cultivation techniques. As a result of efforts to expand production, the planted area increased, mainly in large-scale management entities that introduced the mechanized integrated system, from 249 a in 2018 before the introduction of the mechanized system to 1,211a in 2021 (as of December 2021) and increased significantly. In terms of sales, large bali standard single-packaging has also started, and in 2021, it will be sold at around 1,500 japanese yen / kg. It has been found that “Hachimantai Violet Garlic” contains more allicin, a functional ingredient, than ordinary varieties, and it seems that the movement towards branding is becoming active. Demand is also increasing, centering on large ball standards, and it seems that producers and related parties are focusing their efforts toward a more stable supply together with the production areas. In addition, it seems that they will be dried for 3 weeks, stored in a freezer of -2 degrees, and will be shipped in such a way that they do not sprout. In addition, this excellent agricultural product is difficult to grow, and in the past most of it was not of a quality that could be marketed. Under such circumstances, it is no exaggeration to say that men who fell in love with Hachimantai Violet Garlic continued to improve it by hand for more than 60 years, resulting in the high-quality garlic that it is today. Garlic is said to have originated in Central Asia and was used in ancient Egypt around 3200 BC, where it is said to have been used as a kind of tonic for the workers who supported the construction of the pyramids. It is believed to have been introduced to Japan from China in ancient times, and has been cultivated for medicinal purposes for at least 1,000 years. Because the smell was not liked, it was not considered edible, and it seems that Buddhist monks, court nobles, and samurai, who disliked the strong smell, forbade eating it. It seems that it was after the Second World War that the use of Chinese cuisine and Western cuisine became popular. From the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Variety Registration website, the name of the registered variety, Hachimantai Violet Garlic, the name of the variety at the time of application publication, application number 25393, application date 2010/11/26, application publication date 2011/01/28, Registration number 26172, registration date 2017/08/14, duration of breeder’s right 25 years, expiration date of breeder’s right Name of the person who raised the registered variety, Tokiya Endo, Export restriction Designated country No production restriction Designated area Outline of plant characteristics of registered variety, slightly upright plant, green leaves The shading of the leaves is dark, the leaves have a lot of wax, the leaves are slightly long, the leaves are extremely wide, the anthocyanin coloring at the base of the leaf is strong, and the thickness of the base of the leaf is very thick. , Presence or absence of flower stalks, maximum size of stalks, shape of longitudinal cross-section of stalks is wide and oval, color of outer skin of stalks is pinkish white, number of stalks is small, size of stalks The color of the outer skin of the scales is purple, the color of the flesh of scales is light yellow, the harvesting period is very late, and the bud stage is very late. The applied variety “Hachimantai Violet” is distinguished from the control variety “Iwate Native (Hachimantai)” in that the size of the stems is the largest and the size of the stalks is the largest. Is recognized. Compared to the control cultivar “Fukuchi White Garlic（One piece is large, the color is white like snow, the surface is firm and the fruit is firm. Fukuchi Village, Sannohe County, Aomori Prefecture (currently Fukuchi District, Nanbu Town), and it seems that it was named after its beautiful whiteness like snow.）”, it is distinguished by having the largest bulb size, the largest size of the stalks, and the purple outer skin color of the spores. It is accepted. Hachimantai City belongs to the Ou mountain range, which lies between 39 and 40 degrees north latitude and 140 and 141 degrees east longitude, and is a mountainous area with peaks ranging from 1,300 to 1,600 meters above sea level. The water system merges with the flow from the Kitakami mountain range located in this area to form the Kitakami River, which flows south through the central part of Iwate Prefecture and flows into the Pacific Ocean at Ishinomaki City. , the largest river in the Tohoku region. The climate is of the highland type, with an annual average temperature of about 6°C, and it is said that the temperature often drops below -15°C during the harsh winter from late December to early March. The snowstorms at this time of year are ferocious, with gusts of wind speeds of 20 m or more blowing on a daily basis. It is a godsend, and the annual rainfall has been around 2,000 mm in recent years, with the maximum seasonally from July to September and the minimum from January to March. Adjacent to the former Matsuo Mine is Hachimantai, which boasts one of the richest natural landscapes in Japan. Hachimantai belongs to Towada-Hachimantai National Park, and is a vast plateau with mountains such as Mt. Morohidake, Mt. Ofuka, and Mt. In the past, there was a time when plants around the mine withered due to sulfur refinery gas from the Matsuo Mine and lost their greenery. However, due to restoration work after the mine was closed, greenery has returned. Thanks to tree planting activities by the general public, trees are starting to grow little by little. Hachimantai is dotted with wetlands and crater lakes where mining plants grow, and is home to many animals. In addition, flowers bloom from spring to summer, fall foliage in autumn, and frost-covered trees in winter. Geologically, Hachimantai is one of the shield volcanoes and is located on the northern border of Iwate and Akita prefectures. Hachimantai volcano (elevation 1,613 m) is the center, followed by Ofukadake volcano (elevation 1,541 m) in the south row and Chausudake volcano (elevation 1,578 m) in the east row. Matsuo Mine is located almost at the southern foot of Mt. Chausu and consists of lava flows and clastic rocks such as pyroxene andesite, olivine pyroxene andesite and a small amount of dacite. In the central part of the forest, there is a remarkable alteration body in the northwest direction, and there are sulfide ore deposits and sulfur deposits, and hot springs and high-temperature geothermal areas are widely developed in the surrounding area. The city not only utilizes geothermal resources for power generation, but also uses geothermal steam, hot spring heat, and hot water to promote new industries and tourism in the region. In addition to realizing a recycling-oriented society that utilizes renewable energy such as geothermal power generation and small hydroelectric power generation, realization of a sustainable region where people, living things, and nature coexist by reassessing the traditional culture and natural resources of the region. seems to be aiming for Scenery of the former Matsuo mine at the time of establishment, Matsukawa geothermal power generation. Located adjacent to Morioka City, Tohoku Automobile Co., Ltd. The area is highly accessible with roads and the JR Hanawa Line traversing it. Towada is also famous as one of the leading ski resorts in Japan. Richness of Hachimantai National Park. It is also blessed with natural beauty. Prior to 1970, the city was It prospered as a sulfur mining area. After the mining industry declined and closed, the creation of a new industry in the area was sought. The development of hot springs was promoted by making use of the mining technology of the mining industry. At that time, geothermal resources were discovered, and Japan’s first commercial geothermal power plant, the Matsukawa Geothermal Power Plant, was established. The mining industry, which had been extremely prosperous, declined and the local economy stagnated. Geothermal power is used not only for power generation, but also for various industries such as dyeing and agriculture. We aim to create a circular economy in which diverse resources are circulated, such as reviving symbiotic landscapes and making use of them for tourism. Utilizing the abundant geothermal energy of Hachimantai, we developed a dyeing method using geothermal steam. It seems that the unique technology and products that provide dyed fabrics with beautiful gradations called “geo-color” are attracting attention from overseas. Inspired by the seasonal nature of Hachimantai National Park, its colors. The theme is to express on cloth. In addition to local souvenirs and sightseeing, fashion shows have been held at the Iwate Prefectural Office and Tokyo Roppongi in the past. Utilizing the hot water supplied from the Matsukawa Geothermal Power Plant, we aim to realize year-round agriculture that can be cultivated throughout the year regardless of the season, even in heavy snowfall areas. Specifically, we will regenerate farmhouses that have become unused due to abandonment of farming and use hot water for heating. It seems that they are working on basil cultivation that they used. Launched a smart farm project that started with a comprehensive cooperation agreement with Hachimantai City and introduced the latest agricultural technology such as vertical hydroponics and IoT control system. It seems that they will practice “profitable agriculture” that makes effective use of local resources and will also lead to the entry of new farmers. Taking in retired racehorses and providing aftercare after retirement. In addition, we use the geothermal heat of Hachimantai to compost the manure of retired horses made from horse manure. Since compost has a high affinity with mushroom cultivation, they are working on the production and sale of mushrooms, aiming to realize recycling-oriented agriculture. Furthermore, it is also possible to make use of existing resources, such as by reusing marine containers as horse stalls. I am conscious. In addition, it seems that there are high expectations for future applications, such as research on using the fungus bed to eliminate plastic. The history of farming that has lived with horses is being reviewed. MATOWA (horse and wheel), Based on the concept of “touching nature through horses, touching people, and meeting oneself”, we offer a variety of experiences related to horses, such as horseback riding and workshops. They are also working on activities to restore and maintain the environment of Noshiba and Rhododendron japonicum in Appi plateau, aiming to revive the landscape where horses and nature coexist. The rural area in the northern part of Iwate Prefecture seems to have been regarded as a low-production area in the past because of its predominance of fields and production of millet. Today, however, it has transformed into a vegetable-producing area in summer and autumn, taking advantage of the cool climate. Due to the outbreak of sesame disease due to continuous crop failure and the emergence of soft cabbage suitable for eating raw in Nagano and Gunma Prefectures, production areas of Nanbu Kanran declined sharply around 1963. Reorganization of production areas by fruit and vegetable sales companies In the upland farming area in the northern part of Iwate Prefecture after the decline of the “Nanbu Kanran Vegetables” production area, the government and agricultural cooperatives encouraged the production of stable crops such as upland rice and beets, and processed crops. Under such circumstances, it seems that the fruit and vegetable sales company established by the former ‘Nanbu Kanran Vegetables’ production area brokers promoted the reconstruction of the vegetable production area in the area. While exchanging information with traders in urban markets about successor crops to cabbage, he focused on lettuce and short-root carrots, for which demand had begun to surge at the time, and promoted the production of these crops while providing cultivation guidance. Based in the former Nambu Kanran production area, we have enhanced collection and delivery facilities and pre-cooling facilities, and are far from railway stations, making Ashiro Town (now Hachimantai City), Kuzumaki Town, Karumai Town, and Sawauchi Town, which were previously thought to be difficult to produce vegetables. Expanded vegetable production areas to mountainous areas such as villages and Kawai villages (now Miyako city).
It was selected from the cultivar called ” Hachimantai Garlic,” which was cultivated in the former Matsuo Village before Hachimantai City merged and boasts one of the largest sizes in Japan. So, it seems that the outer skin is purple.
While producing excellent garlic cultivation, it seems that small and medium-sized producers are the main ones because it is mainly manual labor, and in recent years, the aging of the population has progressed, so the production has been sluggish. In addition, there is a large variation in yield and quality among producers. It seems that there was also a situation where evaluation was not obtained.
Among the work that can be mechanized, among the work that can be mechanized, “mulch laying”, “seed sorting / planting / covering soil”, “chemical spraying”, and “harvest / pre-drying adjustment” are mechanized. It seems that it is possible to reduce the total work time by 60% or more locally compared to the conventional system by introducing it.
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