JA Shimabara Unzen, which has jurisdiction over the Shimabara Peninsula located in the southeastern part of the prefecture, was established in April 2001 by the merger of 11 agricultural cooperatives. Especially in the Minamigushi area, most of the area is terraced because there are many steep slopes, and while it is difficult to introduce machines, the productivity of lettuce for processing and commercial use can be effectively utilized in the limited fields throughout the area. It seems that they are making efforts to improve quality. Minamigushi (formerly Minamigushiyama Town was located on the Shimabara Peninsula in Nagasaki Prefecture. It used to belong to Minamitakaki District.) In the area, it seems that open-field cultivation is mainly carried out. The reason is that the climate is particularly warm even in the Shimabara Peninsula, so it is necessary to cover the entire ridge with a non-woven fabric or a lawn cloth after sowing seeds or planting seedlings. It seems that the heat retention and moisture retention are improved, the sprouting is well aligned, and the growth tends to be accelerated. Also, the effects of insect proofing, bird proofing, wind proofing, and frost proofing are expected. It seems that it is possible to reduce labor and cost compared to. Traditionally, lettuce has been shipped for fruits and vegetables. Producers seem to have stabilized their income when they started producing lettuce for processing and commercial use. For processing and commercial use, quality and yield are more important than for fruits and vegetables, and in addition, it seems that they cannot be out of stock due to contract cultivation. For this reason, as a measure against shortages, it seems that cultivation management is thorough, such as planting at least three different varieties such as cold-resistant varieties and disease-resistant varieties, and intensive planting in October. Even so, when there is a risk of shortages due to weather conditions, the Minamikushi district lettuce subcommittee will work together to distribute products for market shipment to processing and commercial use in cooperation with local producers. , It seems that they are making efforts to prevent shortages. Until 2015, lettuce was mainly shipped to the Kyushu market in the same JA, but it seems that it has begun to be shipped to the metropolitan area due to the expansion of sales channels by JA Zen-Noh Nagasaki Prefecture Headquarters. Regarding lettuce production in the Minamikushi area, in recent years, demand for processing and commercial use such as for cup salads at convenience stores has increased, and it seems that shipments are on the rise, along with the market.
【Product name】
Ajinishiki（High sugar Type）
【Type】
Citrus unshiu
【Jurisdiction, Production Area】
Shimabara City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Minamishimabara City, Unzen City (JA Shimabara Unzen, JA Zen-noh Nagasaki)
【Origin of the name】
Does it mean that the flavor is to spread the taste of hometown to Japan, or to decorate Nishiki; Brocade (衣錦之栄; Take over the status of honor and property ancestors etc.)?
【Major features】
Nyu Wenzhou (high sugar type) that I can confirm seems to have the genealogy of Ikiriki system Wenzhou, Owari system Wenzhou, Nyu Wenzhou, Ki no Kuni Wenshu from the original log. I heard that Aoshima Wenzhou is also a sport of the same Owari system Wenzhou. About Nucellar embryony, which was born from Nyu Wenzhou, it seems to be Nucellar embryony. Ki no Kuni Wenzhou seems to inherit the gene of his mother Nyu Wenzhou as it is. The normal shipping time is from late January to early February, and it is a strain called high sugar content with high fruit sugar content. When harvested at the end of the year and stored until around February, a unique flavor is created. The rich flavor that cannot be tasted with other oranges is popular and popular. JA Shimabara Unzen has three cities, Shimabara City, Unzen City and Minamishimabara City, on the Shimabara Peninsula. The Shimabara Peninsula is blessed with natural conditions such as soil and weather, and has high land productivity and labor productivity. It is an agricultural area. The Shimabara Peninsula is a peninsula located in the southeastern part of Nagasaki Prefecture with a circumference of 138.3 km and an area of 459.36 km, and the total area seems to occupy 11.2% of the entire prefecture. It seems to consist of the Unzen mountain range centered on Mt. Fugen (1,359 m), the gentle hills of about 24 km east-west and about 32 km north-south, and the plains along the coast. The distribution of agricultural land is poor on flat land, and cultivated land subdivided by slopes is dispersed. The average annual temperature is as warm as 16 degrees Celsius, and there are frost-free areas along the coast. The annual rainfall is 2,000 mm, and the annual sunshine hours are 2,200 hours, which seems to be blessed with good weather conditions. The total number of households in the jurisdiction is 10,099, of which 28.6% (2,890) are full-time farmers (prefecture ratio 18.9%), type 1 part-time farmers are 1,687 houses, and type 2 part-time farmers are 2,690 houses. The area of cultivated land was 12,500 ha, and the ratio of cultivated land was 27.2%, which was higher than 12.6% of the prefecture as a whole. The breakdown of the cultivated area is that the ratio of upland land is 62.0%, which is higher than 52.5% of the whole prefecture, and it can be said that it is an agricultural area centered on upland farming. The JA broccoli seems to be cultivated mainly in Azuma Town, Unzen City. Azuma Town is blessed with abundant pasture and upland fields along the mountains and paddy fields in the plains, and is blessed with warm and rainy climatic conditions. It is a highly productive area. In recent years, large-scale management of broccoli has been carried out due to the improvement of upland infrastructure, and it seems that broccoli is becoming a production area. Nowadays, it seems that broccoli, which is so close to eating habits that no one knows, did not attract much attention about 50 years ago. Broccoli cultivation in Azuma Town seems to have started in the 1970s. At that time, we worked on cultivating multiple items such as Chinese cabbage, pumpkin, cauliflower, etc., including broccoli, but among them, broccoli, whose price is recovering quickly and is stable, seems to have increased the cultivated area. When the upland infrastructure development project (Yamadahara infrastructure development project) started in 1998, it seems that the development of hills, which had been narrow and poorly productive, was promoted, and the production of broccoli was promoted. In addition, I heard that conventional broccoli cultivation is a cultivation system centered on harvesting from the end of the year to the beginning of the year, and it is difficult to ship from April to October. In particular, in order to introduce spring cultivation (April-May), it was necessary to plant in the cold season (January-February), and it seems that it was necessary to raise seedlings and establish a cultivation method in the low temperature period. After that, as a method of securing the growth temperature, it seems that it succeeded in planting by introducing mulch and solid materials, and made it possible to cultivate in the spring. At that time, the Unzen Broccoli Subcommittee had 38 members and an area of about 125 ha. The average area per house is 3.3 ha, which seems to be a large scale for cultivating items. At the time of its inauguration, many producers seemed to have positioned broccoli as part of their complex management, even though the subcommittee, which has many successors who will be responsible for the future. In addition, it seems that the planned shipment and planned sales were difficult, and it did not lead to sales at a stable price, so it was not an attractive item in agricultural management. For this reason, it seems that JA and the subcommittee have begun to work together to train farmers who specialize in broccoli and make them into production areas. It seems that the key to specialization was “labor saving and scale expansion.” It seems that a mechanized cultivation system was established by introducing cell seedling raising and semi-automatic transplanting machines, and by introducing machines such as ridge partial application machines, molding machines, and mulchers in line with the start of the Yamadahara upland field infrastructure development project. In addition, it seems that long-term shipping has become possible by starting spring cultivation. I have heard from acquaintances that these have made it possible to save labor for farmers by diversifying labor and avoid price risks, leading to stable management. Approximately 12 years ago, in 2001, by switching from vertical packing of 3 kg cardboard to horizontal packing of 6 kg cardboard, it became possible to significantly save labor in shipping adjustment work and further expand the scale. Seems to have advanced. At present, the whole amount is jointly selected by JA, and it seems that the producers have become a cultivation system that concentrates on production and harvesting work. Looking at the results in 2012, the average cultivated area of the top 15 shippers was 5.2 ha (the average of the subcommittee was about 3.3 ha), and it seems that the shipment ratio to the shipment volume of the subcommittee was 80%. Specialization was progressing. Also, for producers other than the top shippers, the ratio of broccoli to individual management is steadily increasing, and it seems that the sales performance of the subcommittee has also increased significantly. The subcommittee is focusing on environmentally friendly broccoli cultivation, and in 2001, all members of the subcommittee were involved in the three technologies of Nagasaki Prefecture Eco Farmer (soil preparation, chemical fertilizer reduction, and chemical synthetic pesticide reduction based on sustainable farming methods). It seems that it has obtained the certification (agricultural person who implements the introduction integrally). In particular, pest control is an issue for year-end and spring cultivation that is planted in the summer, but pheromone traps are installed in the fields, and the use of pesticides is suppressed by timely control by prediction and spraying an appropriate amount of pesticides. In addition, by utilizing solid materials, it seems that measures are being taken to reduce pest damage and prevent bird feeding damage without relying on pesticides. As a measure against continuous cropping obstacles (Plasmodiophora brassicae: Many humps of various sizes are formed at the root. It seems that the whole root may be enlarged. The surface of the hump is white and smooth at first, but it turns brown and becomes rough, and eventually rots. False root-knot nematode is bigger than the hump and seems to have a smooth surface. In the above-ground part, the growth declines and the leaf color becomes pale, and the whole plant wilts on a sunny day. If you get sick early, you tend to die in the middle of growth. In a typical soil infectious disease, this fungus is a so-called absolute parasite that can only grow on the roots of a living host plant by living a parasitic life. The myriad dormant spores formed inside the root hump seem to be able to survive in the soil for several years without activity. The host plant is limited to Brassicaceae. “Radish” does not occur much, depending on the variety. It occurs violently in all other Brassicaceae crops and is presumed to be a common host. From dormant spores, at appropriate temperature and water, flagella form zoospores around the host root that can freely swim in the free water of the soil, reaching the host root and infecting. After infection, it is expected to proliferate and fill in the epidermal cells of the host root to form dormant spores.), soil preparation and prevention of topsoil runoff, it seems that green manure (Solgo) is planted every year after the broccoli planting is completed. In spring cultivation, biodegradable mulch is used as a measure against waste plastic, and the entire subcommittee is working on the reduction of mulch waste at the end of cultivation. In order to thoroughly implement such efforts for safety and security, we hold a regular meeting once a month and a meeting for each variety, and in terms of sales, we consider selling with the trading market twice a year in autumn / winter and spring. It seems that a meeting is being held. By starting the joint selection of all quantities by JA from 2011, it seems that it was possible to build a system where producers can concentrate on production and to prepare an environment for further scale expansion. The co-selection system seems to have contributed greatly to the improvement of the evaluation of the production area by making the quality uniform in terms of sales. The JA and the subcommittee seem to think that the quality evaluation of broccoli is in freshness. With the motto of freshness and trust in the production area, it seems that they have made efforts to maintain and control the product temperature. It seems that members are using tech mirror sheets (insulation coating sheets) to prevent the temperature from rising from harvest to shipment, including the maintenance of pre-coolers for individual producers. Various freshness-preserving bags have been used for the inner bags of corrugated cardboard, but with the freshness-preserving film “P-Plus” introduced in 2006 using MA packaging technology, the freshness of broccoli has been dramatically improved and sold in remote areas. I have heard that it has become possible, and I feel it. However, in the warm season after April, the occurrence of quality accidents such as yellowing during transportation will not disappear, and we may face a situation where the evaluation in the consumption area is lowered, so in the warm season at that time It seems that quality maintenance measures have become an issue. In order to overcome this situation, it seems that from 2011 to 2012, a low-temperature distribution facility was constructed and an ice machine was introduced by utilizing the national treasury subsidy project. It seems that the quality of broccoli shipped by ice stuffing has improved dramatically compared to any measures taken so far, and it is now possible to deliver it to the consumption area while maintaining its freshness. As a result, not only was it differentiated from other production areas, but it seems that it was possible to further expand sales channels such as contract sales. As of 2012, it seems that it had continued to do business with nine companies, mainly in the Kanto market, including markets in the Kansai and Chugoku regions. It seems that all the subcommittees want to meet the needs of the market and retailers, appeal the freshness, and secure more customers by shipping ice-packed products not only during the warm season but throughout the season. In addition to safety and security efforts, it seems that they are making daily efforts to deliver fresh broccoli to consumption, aiming for zero accidents. The Shimabara Unsen Agricultural Cooperative, which supports Japanese agriculture, employs specialized staff to hire farmers for the harvesting of open-field vegetables, which is difficult for the employment labor force to handle on the anniversary because the work is concentrated in a short period of time compared to facility vegetables. I've heard that the support has achieved a certain effect. As a method of securing a short-term labor force such as harvesting open-field vegetables, it seems that they have temporarily hired staff and have organized a new farming support corps for about 6 to 7 years. Compared to the working hours of open-field vegetables and the ratio of various working hours to the working hours, the working hours per 10 ares（100 m2 = 1 dam2）are much lower than the working hours of the facility vegetables, but the ratio of harvesting and preparation work to the working hours is the facility. It exceeds the number of vegetables, and the number of working hours is almost half of the working hours. In addition, facility vegetables have a long residence period and require a relatively uniform labor force, so even when seeking an external labor force, it is possible to hire employees on the anniversary of the year, whereas open-field vegetables are available. Since harvesting and preparation work is concentrated at a specific time of the year, it is necessary to hire short-term workers, and it is difficult to attract part-time workers who desire long-term employment. Although the working hours of open-field vegetables are shorter than those of facility vegetables, it seems that they are more susceptible to the decrease in labor force than facility vegetables in that it is difficult to secure a labor force. The jurisdiction has long formed an open-field vegetable production area, but as the scale of farmers is expanding, it seems that labor shortage at the time of harvest has become an issue for open-field vegetables, which are labor-intensive compared to rice cultivation. Under these circumstances, the former JA Shimabara, which had Shimabara City as its jurisdiction, was inspired by the fact that competing local merchants (fruit and vegetable traders) were evaluated by producers for harvesting contracts for potatoes, and about 26 to 7 years ago. It seems that they organized a digging group (harvesting group) to support the harvesting work. Although the area of open-field vegetables has expanded due to the efforts of the digging team, it seems that other JAs on the Shimabara Peninsula have not introduced similar efforts. In 2008, at the request of producers, the JA will utilize a dispatching company to support the labor force at the time of harvesting for several large-scale farmers in spring and autumn crops. It seems that the model project was carried out with its own funds. However, it seems that the workers dispatched from the dispatched labor company have little experience in farming. Therefore, the year after starting the harvest labor support, Furusato Employment Revitalization Special Grant: Supporting efforts to create employment opportunities for local job seekers, etc. based on the actual situation and ingenuity of the region in the severe employment unemployment situation in the region. In order to do so, the national government will issue a special grant for employment rehabilitation to prefectures and create a fund based on this (fund creation is from 2009 to the end of 2011). Agricultural support corps establishment project: Nagasaki Prefecture has launched a fund project, and the prefecture and JA have signed a consignment contract to hire new staff annually to provide a labor force as a agricultural support corps to farmers who have problems such as labor shortages. Utilizing the “business provided”, the JA has organized the “Nagasaki Agricultural Support Corps” (38 members), which is directly hired as a temporary worker from July 2009. After that, in Unzen City, the same project as Nagasaki Prefecture (Unzen Municipal Agricultural Environment System Development Project) was launched, and since the JA was entrusted with this project, the “Unzen City Agricultural Support Corps” (21 members) from November of the same year.) organization. In organizing the agricultural support corps, the member hired as a temporary worker of the JA will utilize the experience of agricultural work support after the termination of the employment contract for 3 years, and will utilize the experience of agricultural work support, such as new farming, employment to a large-scale production corporation, etc. It seems that he thought that becoming a bearer was one of the purposes. Both the Nagasaki Agricultural Relief Corps and the Unzen City Agricultural Relief Corps have been carried out for three years, and it seems that the efforts have spread throughout the jurisdiction. As an effect of both projects, it became possible to expand the scale of farmers and maintain and expand the scale of production areas by providing free support for work that requires a lot of manpower, such as harvesting open-field vegetables. It seems that it can be mentioned. In addition, the Agricultural Support Corps is responsible for maintaining local farming, such as prompt recovery support for farmers affected by weather disasters, and labor support for farmers who cannot perform farm work due to sudden illness or injury, or for elderly farmers. Seems to have exerted great power. Furthermore, as an effect of the JA, it seems that by dispatching both agricultural support teams to unused and underutilized farmers of the JA project, it was possible to link to the shipment of new JAs such as potatoes and onions. In addition, 14 of the agricultural support members became the leaders of agricultural production in the jurisdiction after the end of the project (8 new farmers, 4 employment at agricultural corporations). This seems to have been a major achievement of both businesses. Since there were many farmers requesting business continuity after the completion of both projects, in April 2012, 38 members were continuously hired to form a “new farming support team” in consultation with Nagasaki Prefecture and three cities in the jurisdiction. It seems. The new farmer's support corps seems to be positioned as a JA utilization business whose main financial source is the usage fee (900 yen per hour (excluding tax)) collected from the farmers who support it. Looking at the activity status of the New Agricultural Support Corps for the three years up to FY2014, it seems that the number of members was 37 and the number of dispatches was 4494 at 7 farming centers. The activities included harvesting outdoor vegetables, which are labor-intensive items such as lettuce, potatoes, onions, and broccoli, as well as planting and managing facility vegetables such as strawberries and tomatoes. Also, during the off-season of vegetables, it seems that they are still devised so that they can work on the anniversary by being involved in the support of JA fruit sorting plant. In the past, when the farmer population was large and the average age was low, it seems that the labor shortage was supplemented throughout the region and the scale of production areas was expanded by the interchange of labor between farmers called join. However, at present, the farmer population is declining due to the aging of the population, and the labor force tends to be in short supply. There seems to be no. It is clear that it is not only large-scale farmers and young farmers, but all farmers in the region that support the scale of production in Japan. In order to permanently maintain and expand the scale of the production area, large-scale farmers may become more labor shortages due to further expansion, and young farmers will eventually become elderly farmers. There is no doubt that the supply of quality labor is essential. However, it seems that it is difficult to secure the short-term employment labor required for labor-intensive items such as open-field vegetables. As of 2018, the JA has jurisdiction over the agricultural products produced, and consists of a total of 225 members, including 6 subcommittees (Japanese radish, carrot, Chinese cabbage, lettuce, fruit vegetables, ginger) and 2 study groups (soft vegetables, strawberry). It seems that it produces and sells about 30 kinds of vegetables a year, mainly in facilities and open-air vegetables throughout the year. In particular, for radish and carrots, it is fully equipped with a large joint fruit sorting plant, and it seems that long-term stable shipments are being carried out from autumn / winter crops to spring crops. What is characteristic is that it actively provides labor support centered on the harvesting of agricultural products throughout the year. At that time, it seems that a total of 46 harvesting workers were dispatched to farmers to harvest, with 25 part-time workers and 5 foreign workers joining from 2020, centered on 16 JA Shimabara Unzen Agricultural Support Corps.In the case of farmer-centered harvesting, the daily yield becomes unstable, and at the same time, the capacity of the fruit sorting facility cannot be fully demonstrated. This is because it seems that stable yields will be realized, and at the same time, the daily fruit sorting capacity of the fruit sorting facility will be fully demonstrated, and it will be possible to stably ship fruits and vegetables for a long period of time. Regarding the cultivation of ginger in the former Shimabara City, it was 21 ha at the time of 2004 (published by the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), but at that time, methyl bromide（CH3Br: At the 2018 Montreal Protocol Conference of the Parties (MOP31), it was designated as an ozone-depleting substance like chlorofluorocarbons, and it is used as an “essential use” for some treatments such as soil fumigation where methyl bromide is indispensable. Is recognized. However, from the viewpoint of international global environmental protection, there has been a movement in recent years that even essential uses should be completely abolished, and in Japan as well, the “national management strategy for methyl bromide for essential uses” has been formulated and odorized. We are working to develop and disseminate alternative technologies for the total abolition of methyl. CH3Br is a colorless gas with a boiling point of 4 ° C at normal temperature and pressure. It is heavier than air and tends to easily liquefy below the critical point. Also, it seems to be odorless except for the chloroform-like odor at high concentration. In air, it is non-flammable except at concentrations in the range of 10-16%, but seems to burn in oxygen. It dissolves only slightly in water, but seems to dissolve well in other common solvents. It seems possible to penetrate through many substances such as concrete, leather, rubber and some plastics. It hydrolyzes into methanol and hydrobromic acid in water, and the rate of hydrolysis seems to depend on pH. It is an effective methylating agent that reacts with amines and sulfur-containing compounds. The majority of metals are pure, dry and inert, but zinc, tin, aluminum and magnesium appear to cause surface reactions in the presence of impurities or moisture. Also, it seems that an explosive reaction with aluminum and dimethyl sulfoxide has been reported. It was famous that it was available as a commercial product as a liquefied gas. The formulation for fumigation of soil seems to include chloropicrin (about 2%) or amyl acetate (about 0.3%) as a warning agent. Other formulations appear to contain up to 70% chloropicrin or other fumigation disinfectants and hydrocarbons as an inert diluent. It seems that 100% methyl bromide is used for fumigation disinfection of products. Further, analytical methods for measuring the concentration of methyl bromide in air, water, soil, food, and animal feed are known. Direct measurements in air and in the field seem to include thermal conductivity gas analysis, colorimetric detector tubes, infrared analysis, and photoionization detectors. The ocean is considered the main source. For GC measurements in water, purge, trap, headspace sampling samples, for normal analysis of CH3Br in food in a suitable container, with ECD of headspace capillaries after extraction with acetone and water. Gas chromatography seems to be recommended. It seems that bromide measurement is also being considered for some of the soil, food, and biological samples that have been converted to bromide. I hear that colorimetric quantification, X-ray spectroscopy, potential difference measurement, neutron activation analysis, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are some of the methods used to measure bromide in various media.）used for soil disinfection was designated as an ozone-depleting substance, and in 2005. Pythium zinziberis（It seems that the ground part of the leaf sheath and the buds become wet brown or dark green. Later, the lesions tend to soften and rot, and the above-ground parts tend to turn yellowish brown and die. The rhizomes turn pale and appear to rot. It seems that white cotton-like mold may grow on the surface of the affected area. The pathogen seems to survive with the residue of the diseased plant. It seems to get sick when planting the affected rhizome. In the year when it rains a lot after June, there is a tendency for the disease to occur more often in fields with poor drainage. It is good to plant disease-free rhizomes without continuous cropping. Also, dig a drainage ditch so that rainwater does not collect in the field.）, which is the main disease of ginger, because it was completely abolished in Japan. The cultivated area gradually decreased (cultivated item conversion: spinach, small watermelon, etc.) due to concerns about damage to Takahashi and the slump in prices due to the increase in imported ginger. It seems that it was canceled. Regarding the farmland in the former Shimabara City, although the upland irrigation was maintained, the upland comprehensive maintenance project started in 2014 due to the dispersion of irregular farmland and the deterioration of the conventional irrigation facilities (Since the comprehensive upland field maintenance project (scheduled to continue until 2026 (current plan)) was partially completed in 2013, it became possible to cultivate irrigation in new fields, and although it is not complete, It seems that the cultivated area is currently on a recovery trend because the soil disinfection technology has been replaced by a treatment method using chemicals and the price has become relatively stable due to the increasing demand for domestic ginger. The variety is “Nagasaki Large Ginger” (main production areas are Toishi, Koga, Higashi Nagasaki, Mogi district. Unlike ordinary vegetables that are standardized all year round, it has a unique taste, aroma, and flavor. However, on the other hand, it is a product that is disappearing from the production site because it is a delicate vegetable that is vulnerable to diseases and takes time to cultivate. However, food safety and local ingredients Now that “food education” using ginger is attracting attention, there seems to be a growing movement to review the goodness and safety of traditional Nagasaki vegetables and bring them back to the table as a property of Nagasaki. With the cooperation of agricultural organizations, food-related organizations and consumers, Nagasaki traditional vegetables are expected to play a major role in revitalizing agriculture in Nagasaki and in terms of local production and local consumption). If the house is not heated, the plants are planted from March to April and harvested from August to September. In the case of open fields, planting is done from April to May, and I heard that it is from late October to November. In addition, the house new ginger harvested from August to September is washed, sorted, and boxed by JA fruit sorting workers, and is shipped mainly to the Chugoku / Kyushu market as new ginger. Ginger in Shimabara City, Nagasaki Prefecture is cultivated in abundant water and nature. It is clear that the refreshing flavor stimulates the sense of smell and has an appetite-promoting effect, and also has the effect of promoting metabolism and warming the body. In addition, it is used in many Chinese herbal medicines as a crude drug, and its effects include gastric mucosa protection, gastric health by promoting gastric fluid secretion, promotion of sweating action, colds, and anti-nausea, but its effects are not limited. Gingerol and shogaol, which are pungent ingredients, are abundant in raw ginger, and their strong bactericidal action can be expected to prevent food poisoning in addition to improving the mouth and appetite. In addition, it is highly expected to work to help recovery from fatigue and healing power against diseases by anti-inflammatory action and digestive promotion action. 長崎県 is located in the westernmost part of the mainland, in the northwestern part of Kyushu. It has a prefecture area of 213 km east-west and 307 km north-south. A major topographical feature is that about 80% of the land consists of peninsulas and islands, and the land is rich in undulations, so it seems that the land is scarce. The average annual temperature in the northwestern part of the Shimabara Peninsula, which is the main production area of potatoes, is 15.7 degrees Celsius, and the annual rainfall is 2300 mm. It is an area with a long frost-free period from early April. In addition, many typhoons approach and land, which can cause enormous damage to agricultural products, and it is said that farming is carried out under severe land and weather conditions. In the prefecture, the spring potatoes, which are called “new potatoes” in the market and are shipped from April to June, seem to start harvesting starting from Fukue Island in the Goto Islands. It seems that it will move to the northwestern part of the Shimabara Peninsula and will reach the end in the Iimori district of Isahaya city on the opposite bank. I heard that all of them are cultivated in warm regions facing the sea. It is said that Nagasaki Prefecture's potatoes entered Nagasaki Port from Java (now Indonesia) in 1598 by the Dutch. After that, I heard that it has been cultivated all over the country while being used as a famine crop during several famines. According to records since the beginning of the modern era, about 500 ha was cultivated at the end of the Meiji era, and it seems that the largest area was 2987 ha in 1945 and 8570 hectares in 1954 immediately after the end of the war. However, from the following year, it started to decrease, and it is said that it will be 4000 ha in 2013. Cultivation is divided into five cropping types, mainly in the autumn cropping from September to December and the spring cropping from March to June, which can secure the optimum temperature for growth, resulting in five cropping patterns, and the harvest is in November. It seems to be mid-June of the following year. Autumn cultivation is mainly cultivated on the Shimabara Peninsula, and the shipment volume is about 5,500 tons. Since it is cultivated in the open field, it is easily affected by the drought in autumn, and the yield is small due to the time of the typhoon, so the crop seems to be unstable. Autumn mulch cultivation seems to be cultivated in the warm areas of the Shimabara Peninsula, where the first frost is delayed. The shipment volume is about 4500 tons. Winter tunnel cultivation is mainly cultivated on Fukue Island, and the shipment volume is about 300 tons. Previously, it was actively planted on the Shimabara Peninsula, but it seems that it has shifted from tunnels to non-woven solid coating due to the inability to secure yields for the labor and cost. At the southern tip of the Shimabara Peninsula, which is the main cropping type of the prefecture and is a frost-free area, it seems that the harvest is from late April to mid-June when the rain falls. The shipment volume was about 37,000 tons in 2015. Since the yield is affected by frost damage, it seems that a non-woven solid coating is used as in winter crops in order to secure a stable and early shipment volume. Since it is cultivated twice a year in spring and autumn, unique varieties suitable for double-cropping in warm regions are cultivated. In 1971, the high-yielding and tasty “Dejima” was cultivated in both spring and autumn, and in 1978, the extremely high-yielding “Nishiyutaka（In 1970, at the Nagasaki Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Center Aino Potato Center, artificial mating of “Dejima” as a mother and father “Chokei No. 65” was carried out (Saikai No.15). In 1978, it was registered as a variety as “Bareisho Norin No.23”. Suitable for warm southwestern regions, excellent in fertility. Expected to grow and harvest in spring and autumn（Since the crops were swollen and the yield was high, the cultivation increased rapidly especially in spring mulching since 1985.）The flesh is pale yellow and the flesh is moist. The leaf color's dark green, which is slightly darker than “Dejima”. The leaflets are a little thick inside and reach a little sparse. Plasmodium resistance major gene : Epidemic resistance leading gene, Ralstonia solanacearum（bacterial disease of eggplant: To provide a bacterial wilt disease resistant inducer which contains a compound indicating resistant induction activity against a bacterial wilt disease as an effective component, and a bacterial wilt disease prevention method using the compound : Patent Office）, Bacterial soft rot（soft rot pathogen: To provide a mass production method of seed potato seedlings, capable of preventing rot and soft rot of a rooting zone to increase probability of survival, and mass-producing at one time nondisease seed potato seedlings capable of increasing percentage of rootage when planting. To provide a method for increasing tubers such as calla tubers or the likes, achieved in increasing tubers such as calla tubers or the likes in a warm area such as Japan or the like, by inhibiting generation of soft rot and activities of endotrophic mycorrhiza - Patent Office）In addition, it is slightly stronger than “Mother: Dejima” and has moderate or higher resistance to tuber rot. Weak to powdery potato common scab (spongospora subterranea, causative strain, 16S rRNA gene (Prokaryote, gene sequence) or 16S rRNA gene to amplify between ITS region (Ribosomal DNA; rDNA; Eukaryote), a novel primer pair, And a method for detecting and identifying the causative strain of potato scab using them.（NEW PRIMER PAIR FOR AMPLIFYING BETWEEN ITS REGIONS FROM 16SrRNA GENE OR 16SrRNA GENE OF POTATO SCAB-CAUSING STRAIN, AND METHOD FOR DETECTING AND IDENTIFYING POTATO SCAB-CAUSING STRAIN WITH THE NEW PRIMER PAIR- Patent Office）, From Potato mop-top virus, it is transmitted by tuber brown ring pattern disease. Somewhat weak resistance. However, the field resistance is quite strong. Since there's little dehiscence of potatoes and little breakage of foliage due to the wind, it's widely suitable for the second cropping area in western Japan.）” was cultivated, and it is said that it is now the main variety of round varieties. On the other hand, as soil diseases such as Spongospora subterranea and Pseudomonas solanacearum, and resistant varieties such as Globodera rostochiensis, Aiyutaka（According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration, this variety was bred by crossing “Dejima” with “Chokei No. 108”. The potato shape is oval, the skin color is white yellow, and the flesh color is pale yellow. Potato cyst nematode It is a variety suitable for cooking with resistance. The flora is slightly upright, the individual weight type and the number type are slightly individual weight type, the stem length is short, the thickness is medium, the stem color (primary color) is green, the number of branches is slightly small, and the leaf color is The density of green and leaflet is medium, the number of hair mushrooms on the leaves is small, the number of flowers is rare, the flower color (primary color) is reddish purple, the flower color (secondary color) is white, and the distribution is even. The length of the branch is a little short, the depth of the potato set is a little shallow, the length of the potato is a little long, the flatness is weak, the shape is oval, the skin color is white-yellow, the rough skin is slippery, the eyes The depth is extremely shallow, the flesh color is pale yellow, the dormant period is a little short, the dying period is medium, the early hypertrophy is a little fast, the upper potatoes are quite heavy, the number of upper potatoes is medium, and the average weight of one upper potato is a little. Large, slightly sticky to medium flesh, medium resistance to Y mosaic disease, weak resistance to epidemic field, and putative genotype of potato cyst nematode resistance is H1. Compared to “Dejima”, it has a shorter stem length, a reddish-purple flower color with white stripes, and a potato cyst nematode resistance putative genotype（Derived from the strain “CPC1673” cultivated in the highlands of South America, “Atlantic”, “Aiyutaka”, “Sayaka”, “Toya”, etc. have the “Rx” 1 gene: Potatoes） of H1, so it is compared with “Nishiyutaka”. Then, it is said that the distinction is recognized by the fact that the flower color is reddish purple and white stripes are included, the rough skin of the epidermis is slippery, and the putative genotype of potato cyst nematode resistance is H1.）” was cultivated in 2002 and “Sanjumaru（The origin of the variety name is that it has three excellent characteristics: “resistant to pests”, “high yield”, and “good appearance”. Announcement of variety registration application in August 2010.）” was cultivated in 2010. May queen is cultivated in spring crops and seems to ship about 8,000 tons from mid-May to June. The annual sales amount varies greatly depending on the year, and it seems that it is an item with large price fluctuations, but the handling volume has remained relatively stable at 40,000 to 50,000 tons in the past 10 years (as of 2015). Seems to be there. This is because more than 80% of the handling volume utilizes ALIC's designated vegetable price stabilization business, so risk management when the market selling price falls functions and reproduction is secured. This seems to be because it greatly contributes to the maintenance of production area and quantity. The shipping period is from November to July, and the main shipping time is from May to June. It seems that the occupancy rate of Nagasaki potatoes in the Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market in 2014 was 46% in May and 56% in June, and 72% in May and 82% in June in the Osaka Central Wholesale Market. “Shimabara Unzen Japan Agricultural Cooperatives”, The Shimabara Peninsula（138.3 km around the southeast of Nagasaki Prefecture and 459.36 km area occupies 11.2% of the whole prefecture. The Unzen Mountains at the center and a gentle hill area approximately 24 km east-west and 32 km north-south. Mt. Fugendake: 1,359 m, It consists of a plain extending along the coast, and the annual average temperature is mild at 16 ° C. Some areas are frost-free. It's blessed with 2,000 mm of annual precipitation, 2,200 hours of sunshine per year, and weather conditions.）, which is in jurisdiction, is blessed with natural conditions such as soil and weather conditions. Shimabara City, Located at the eastern end of the Shimabara Peninsula in the southeast. It covers an area of 82.96 km2 and occupies about 18% of the Shimabara Peninsula. In the center is a sloping land that extends to the Ariake Sea on the east side centering on Mt. Mayu (elevation 818.7 m). There is a large-scale collapse trace in 1792 on the eastern slope, and many Nagareyama are distributed from the lower part of the collapse to the sea area around Kujuku island. Behind it is Unzenhugendake, which erupted in 1990 for the first time in 198 years. The lava dome was named “Heiseishinzan” in 1996. The number of farm households accounts for 24% of the prefecture as a whole, and the amount of agricultural output accounts for about 43%. Shimabara City is a representative agricultural area（Recent data）. It is a relatively warm area, and although there are paddy fields in the coastal area, upland fields occupy more than paddy fields. Around the Miebard upland field, radishes, carrots, Chinese cabbage, ginger, lettuce, watermelon and other open-field vegetable production areas are formed. Fruit vegetables such as tomato in the summer and house ginger are cultivated in institutional cultivation, and a typical complex management is carried out. Cross-item management stabilization measures target only at eligible and ambitious “principal farmers (certified farmers and village-based farming organizations that meet certain conditions)”, for the stabilization of their farm management, unlike conventional stabilization measures devised for individual commodities of all farmers. It is certified as an Eco farmer and is also working on the Nagasaki Prefecture version of GAP（Sustainable agricultural management for the future as well for environmental protection sustainable. We should ensure that natural resources are managed properly in order to make agricultural development-Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry-Support was provided for initiatives to secure the trust of consumers and stimulate domestic markets by such means as improving the quality control of food products through the introduction of HACCP practices and adoption of ordinary hygiene control in the food industry, rigorous compliance, and voluntary labeling of places of origin of ingredients in accordance with guidelines.（Hazard analysis important control points）: Support will be provided to small and medium food manufacturers, etc., by organizing human resource development workshops and providing technical information in order to further promote the improvement of control of food manufacturing processes (through hazard analysis and critical control point (HAACP) procedures).）. For management, a field ledger is created and soil analysis is carried out for each stroke. We will work on soil improvement and fertilizer application design in light of past data, and strive to reduce fertilizer to the level of special cultivation. Conduct a planting survey in advance to ensure planned and stable shipments. The Seven Wonders of Shimabara（The exit and entrance, the name of the town is just the opposite.）are wonders taught in Shimabara (the entertainment area in Kyoto City). 島原のシマバライチゴ自生地 - 南千本木町 - 1960年3月22日 : The vine of this strawberry is thin and strong, and extends to a length of 5 m. Also, the thorns of the vine entangle with other things and climb up. It is so overgrown that you can't even set foot in the colony. It blooms in autumn, and tufted, sour fruits ripen red in winter. “Minamishimabara City”, Blessed with a warm climate, moderate rainfall and sunshine hours, it is famous as an area where agricultural products can be easily cultivated. Located in the southeastern part of the Shimabara Peninsula, in the southern part of Nagasaki Prefecture. It borders Shimabara City in the north and Unzen City in the west. Facing the Amakusa area of Kumamoto prefecture across the Ariake Sea, I am deeply moved by the memories I visited once. It has a land containing fertile and abundant groundwater that extends south from the foot of Mt. Unzen, which exceeds 1,000 m. It also has a coastline that faces the Ariake Sea and Tachibana Bay, which are rich in seafood. Agriculture, forestry and fishing are carried out by the residents. Historically, there was a time when Christianity was introduced to this area in the 1560s and Christian culture prospered. The Edict expelling Jesuit missionaries was a prohibition document concerning the mission of Christianity and trade with Spain and Portugal issued by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI in Chikuzen Hakozaki, in July 24, 1587 : There are many historical heritage sites in the city that show the light and shadow of Christianity in Japan. 1637: Shimabara-Amakusa ikki (Shimabara War): The Shimabara War broke out, lasting two years from 1637 to 1638. In such a situation, the occurrence of Shimabara / Amakusa uprisings led the bakufu to the complete prohibition of Christianity and the complete national isolation that allowed only bakufu-controlled trade. “Hara Castle Ruins” is “Hidden Christian-related heritage of Nagasaki and Amakusa Region” : Registered for UNESCO World Cultural Heritage on June 30, 2018. The shimabara peninsula area has been certified as the first in Japan by the global geopark networks, which is said to be the geological version of the world heritage（Unzen Volcanic Area Geopark: In 2009, with Itoigawa in Niigata and Mt. Toyakousu（Lake toya Mt.usu）in Hokkaido）. An area where you can feel the heartbeat of the earth and the history of the earth. “City designated cultural property”, Uchiishibashi group（Kitaarima Town）: It was built from the late Edo period to the early Showa period. About 10 arch bridges made of natural stones and cut stones are left in the Arima River system in Kitaarima Town. The construction of the arch bridge requires a high level of technology because the strength of the stones is maintained by the weight of the stones. Natural stones are used for most of the stone bridges such as wall stones. At first glance, it looks like a rough structure, but in reality, it requires more skill to combine stones that are not standard products. I hear that the biggest advantage is that it is relatively easy to procure materials. Since the bridge is also a part of the living road, it requires quick repair. It can be said that the skillful skills of the masons closely supported people's lives. The scenery where the stone bridge is in harmony with the river and fields is also beautiful. We will support the cultivation of ‘Bananas’, which are expected to be new high-profit and high-value-added crops. Liability Company（LLC.）, which develops business by utilizing subsidiary aid. We received 100 seedlings from company limited, an agricultural corporation that grows bananas in Kagoshima and Saga. ‘Freeze-thaw awakening method’ : By freezing and thawing growing cells for half a year and applying special treatment, resistance to cold and diseases becomes stronger. The Banana applied this time is pesticide-free and does not use pesticides or cleaning agents, so the skin is thin and the whole skin can be eaten. The sugar content is 25 degrees, which is much higher than the general 15 degrees, and is characterized by its rich sweetness and mellow aroma. About 150 trees can be harvested from one tree, and mature bananas are scheduled to be harvested around the summer of 2021. When it was transmitted, it was around last fall and before my favorite winter. ‘Arima Christian Heritage Museum’ - 南有馬町 - The background behind the 250 years of Christianity's hiding : The process leading to the suppression of Christianity, 1637 : Shimabara-Amakusa riot (Shimabara War) situation is displayed in an easy-to-understand manner. Hei, Minamiarima Town: Seibo Park is an art park that exhibited works in the birthplace of Seibo Kitamura（Graduated from the sculpture department of Tokyo Fine Arts School (currently Tokyo University of the Arts) in 1912. His career In 1908, “Indignation” was selected for the first time at the 2nd Art Exhibition (Bun Exhibition) of the Ministry of Education. He has been exhibiting every year since then, and the 10th “Evening Bell” will be the chief of choice. In 1919 he became a judge for the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition and formed the Hibarasha in the same year. He was a professor at Tokyo Beauty School from 1921 to 1944, and became a member of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in 1924 and a member of the Japan Art Academy in 1947. He specializes in heroic human figures, and before the war he worked on equestrian statues of military personnel and statues of great men. After the war, he became a central member of the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition sculpture department, focusing on peace and freedom. In 1951, he was requested by Nagasaki Prefecture to build an atomic bomb monument at the hypocenter of the atomic bombing, and in 1955 he completed the “Nagasaki Peace Memorial Statue”.）, a sculptor who was born in Minamiarima Town, Minamishimabara City and is famous for the creator of the Nagasaki Peace Memorial Statue. In the wooden memorial hall where the garden and the birthplace were restored, about 60 works such as “Peace Statue”, sculptors, books and paintings are exhibited, and you can see the condensed essence of Seibo art. It seems. Also, from the park with a good view overlooking Amakusa Nada, you can see the nationally designated historic site “Hara Castle Ruins” known for the Shimabara Rebellion. “Unzen City”, It is located in the south, northwestern part of the Shimabara Peninsula. Tachibana Bay（was originally called Chijiwa-nada Open Sea or Chijiwa Bay, but in 1919 when TACHIBANA's statue was constructed in Chijiwa Town (present Chijiwa Town, Unzen City, Nagasaki Prefecture), the persons concerned submitted a petition to change the denomination of Chijiwa-nada Open Sea to Tachibana Bay.） faces the west bank and the Ariake Sea faces the east bank. The total area is 214.31 km2, which occupies 5.2% of the whole prefecture. Some are designated as Unzenamakusa National Park, the first national park in Japan. The climate is blessed with warm and rainy conditions, making it one of the prefecture's leading tourist destinations. Seven towns were merged in 2005. Kojirokoji (Unzen City, Nagasaki Prefecture): Important Preservation District for Groups of Historic Buildings. Tachibana Bay was originally called Chijiwanada Open Sea or Chijiwa-wan Bay, but in 1919 when TACHIBANA's statue（Mr. Shuta Tachibana（陸軍歩兵中佐 : 正六位 - 勲四等 - 功四級）: He was a lieutenant colonel and worked as an educator for Emperor Taisho.）was constructed in Chijiwa Town (present Chijiwa Town, Unzen City, Nagasaki Prefecture), the persons concerned submitted a petition to change the denomination of Chijiwa-nada Open Sea to Tachibana Bay. Similar Ushioni festivals or cow god festivals are also held in the following places: Minamitakaki County, Nagasaki Prefecture (present-day Unzen City); Uwajima City, Ehime Prefecture; and Ichiki-cho, Hioki County, Kagoshima Prefecture (present-day Ichiki-kushikino City); under the name of 'Toshimon,' 'Ushonin,' and 'Tsukuimon' respectively. Finally, I think the excellent varieties such as “Wase Haraguchi（early ripening: In 1969, nagasaki prefecture Nishisonogi District Saikai Town: Current Saikai City（Even today, they sometimes set shorobune afloat on rivers or on the sea in Shimabara City, Saikai City, Matsuura City, and Goto City.）” : In the Miyagawa early mandarin orange field of Mr. Seiji Haraguchi in the mountains, only one tree that bears extremely sweet fruits was found.）and Sasebo Wenzhou （Virus‐free: Once infected, plants cannot be excluded from immunity and cannot escape the virus for the rest of their lives; After detoxifying the virus, in 1998, the sale of seedlings to mandarin orange producing areas in Nagasaki Prefecture became popular. The harvest season is expected from late November to early December, about 10 days later than “Wase Miyagawa oranges”, (early), and it is famous as a Nakate species.）are wonderful. Very early harvesting: “Wase Iwasaki” : This is a bud mutation of Wase Okitsu found by Mr. Denichi IWASAKI of Saikai Town, Nishisonogi District, (today's Saikai City,) Nagasaki Prefecture in 1968. The history of Nagasaki mandarin is that in 1780 (Tenmei era), Omura feudal lord, Sumiyasu OMURA-Ko, Satsuma feudal lord “Nagashima mandarin” (Izumi District (former: Higashi Town) Nagashima Town unshu mandarin), Ikiriki, Sonogi District. It is said that it started to be cultivated by Mr. Yuemon Tanaka, Mr. Rinemon Tanaka, Mr. Tsuguemon Nakamichi and others in the village (currently Tarami Town, Sonogi District).（Citrus Unshiu has heard that the seeds brought back from China by the envoy to Tang China began to bear fruit and were found in Kagoshima.）The saplings were shipped nationwide when the high-quality “Satsuma mandarin” was cultivated from the Ikiriki region. This is called “Ikiriki Citrus unshu”. In 1876, mandarin oranges were sold by hand in the castle town. In addition, from around 1887, the production area of mandarin oranges was expanded in Ikiriki Village, and even today, the area is the main production area in Nagasaki Prefecture. From 1961, “Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Fruit Tree Agriculture (Government Ordinance No. 145)”, the Nagasaki Prefecture Citrus Promotion Plan was formulated, and the citrus cultivation area is rapidly increased throughout the prefecture. Demand for fruit trees in Japan is generally declining and stagnant, and there is a growing tendency for small quantities to be sold as other items and for good quality. Many fruits, including mandarin oranges, are in overproduction. There are increasing demands from other countries to expand imports of fruits and fruit products. In order to achieve sound development, it is necessary to deal with the overproduction trend of fruits. Induce production that responds to trends. Fostering independent fruit tree farmers who can be the core players in the production area. And it is necessary to further strengthen the constitution of fruit tree agriculture. The system for promoting fruit tree agriculture was strengthened（Partial amendment of Law No. 15, July 1, 1985）. To the prefectural governor, the then Vice-Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries（Mr. Kenichi KAKUDO: Japanese agriculture and forestry bureaucrats. He served as the Commissioner of the Forestry Agency and the Vice-Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and after retiring he was the president of the Norinchukin Bank, and died in 2013.）. In 1597, Nagasaki was the first onion to land in Japan by a Portuguese ship. The production of early-maturing onions is thriving, and it has a good reputation for its freshness and good taste. I hear that potato was introduced from Jakarta to nagasaki by a Dutch ship in 1598. It boasts the second largest production volume after Hokkaido, and Minamishimabara City is one of the leading production areas in the prefecture. Cultivation started in earnest in the Meiji era, and now it is cultivated based on two crops, spring and autumn, taking advantage of the warm climate. Asparagus officinalis was introduced to Nagasaki as ornamental from the Netherlands during the Edo period. There are spring and summer seasons, and spring asparagus grows slowly over time, so it has a strong sweetness and is rich in minerals and especially vitamin C. Summer asparagus has a beautiful light green color because it grows at a stretch due to the blessings of the daytime sun, and it is soft to the vicinity of the root. I hear that the bright red tomatoes were introduced to Nagasaki from the Netherlands at the end of the 17th century. As of 2021, according to the prefecture, Nagasaki, which is blessed with sunshine conditions, is suitable for mandarin orange cultivation, and it seems that the shipment volume was the 5th largest in Japan and boasted a 6-7% share. Various varieties are cultivated from the north to the south, but in the jurisdiction, “Ajinishiki, Nanko's self-confidence, Daiseikai”, etc. are listed as special products. All of them are characterized by a strong sweetness with a sugar content of 12 degrees or more.
High sugar: Aoshima mandarin oranges were discovered around 1935 in the current mandarin orange field of Mr. Heiju AOSIMA, Fukudagaya, Aoi Ward, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture, and it seems that he came to be called by his name. I heard that the word “Miccan” was coined to mean “Kanji / Koji”, which is sweet like honey, because the varieties introduced from China during the Muromachi period were sweeter than the citrus fruits that had been used until then. 1603 to 1604 Nippo Dictionary; Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam com a declaração em Portugues: Published in Nagasaki by the Jezus Society (Oxford University Library, Portuguese Ebola Public Library, French National Library, Brazilian Rio de Janeiro National Library) As it is written as miccan in “(confirmed storage) in) ”, it seems that it was pronounced miccan in the old days. This dictionary has 25,967 words in the main story and 6,831 words in the addendum when calculated using headwords. Excluding duplicates, the total number seems to b e 32,293 words. As expected, this amount cannot hide the surprise in a short period of time.
In 1961, the year when the Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Fruit Tree Agriculture came into effect, the Nagasaki Prefecture Citrus Promotion Plan was formulated, and the citrus cultivation area increased rapidly throughout the prefecture. In 1974, the cultivated area of Satsuma mandarin in Nagasaki Prefecture reached 14,900 ha, and the production seems to have exceeded 200,000 tons. After peaking around this time, the cultivated area and production volume continued to decline, and after the liberalization of imports of orange fruits and fruit juice, the cultivated area as of 2013 was 3,300 ha and the production volume was 60,900 tons, the fifth in Japan. It is the production volume of the rank.
