Mokichi Saito's virgin collection “Red Light” is full of moments of life's anguish and brilliance. It sublimates the inner gaze into the realism of the outside world, achieving a fusion of traditional techniques and modern ego. Even now, a century after the first edition was published by Shinonomedo Bookstore in 1913, it is a legendary songbook that still trembles with the intense human emotions that dwell in the depths of life and narratives. “Dead Tamafu Mother,” “Sad News,” “Ohiro,” etc., which caused a great sensation in the poetry at that time. As an assistant at the University of Tokyo Medical College, he received news of his mother's seriousness and hurried to his birthplace in Hotta (now Zaohotta, Yamagata City), Minamimurayama District, Yamagata Prefecture. Mokichi Saito, 31 years old, snuggling up to his mother. He brought medicine, but “Iku” watches him in reverse. 実相観入; “Looking at the reality and taking a picture of nature and self-unification” is the attitude of the work. Based on the Manyo style, it is a development of the theory of sketching that originates in Shiki, who is devoted to it. Shiki's tanka sketching theory that he tries to copy. In February 1946, moved to Oishida Town, Yamagata Prefecture (a fragment of a beautiful rainbow that remains above the Mogami River). In August, the songbook “Tsuyujimo; 露霜” was published.
【Product name】
Akebi
【Type】
Akebia quinata Dence.
【Producing area】
Yamagata City, Yamagata Prefecture, Kaminoyama City, Yamanobe Town, Higashimurayama District, Nakayama Town （JA Yamagata Western Akebi Production Association）
【Origin of the name】
It is said that it was named after the accent of “open fruit” because it has oval fruits as the season goes on, and when it ripens, it splits vertically and reveals white and sweet flesh and black seeds.
【Major features】
Lardizabalaceae, leaflet flower, vine deciduous shrub, Distribution: Honshu-Kyushu, Japan. Flower season around March-April. It seems that he gave his name to the politician Don Miguel de Lardizabal y Uribe（1744-1824）of the time. Named by Martinus Houttuyn (1720-1798) Dutch botanist, Linnaeus' natural system, Natuurlijke Historie of uitvoerige Beschrÿving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, volgens het Samenstel van der Heer Linnaeus. 37, Amsterdam 1761–1785. Is prominent. Also widely known is the French (born Belgian) botanist Joseph Decaisne (1807-1882), who wrote nine volumes of Le Jardin fruitier du Muséum from 1858 to 1875. If you have a chance, I would love to see you. It was usually found in fields and village-vicinity mountain, but what about now? In the spring, when I went to a deciduous wooded area, I remember that akebi with green leaves was easily found among the trees that had withered in winter. At this time, the vines were usually in bloom. It was also scattered in the bushes on the sunny roadside. Among the green Yamagata, the new young leaves of Akebi stand out because they are bright and light green. Young vines and leaves were boiled once as wild vegetables, then fried in oil or simmered and eaten. Also, if it is salted, it will last for a long time. The fruits are sweet and sold as fruits. The vines knit baskets and make akebi work. The dried vine is called Mokutsuu, and since it has a component called akebin（Main ingredients Akebioside, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside Active ingredient Contains akebin, a glycoside）, it is decocted to make a diuretic. In China, the akebi itself is called mù tōng, and it is said that it is derived from the fact that water often passes through the thick canal (the passage of water on the stem) on the vine. In the northern part of Niigata prefecture, there is a legend that “Akebi fruit is a man at first and then a woman (genitals)”. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. has three leaflets. A hybrid of Akebia trifoliata and Akebia is called “Goyoakebi”. Mube is distributed west of the Kanto region, has evergreen leaves, and tends not to open fruits. The leaves have a handle of 3 to 10 cm, and the leaf blades are separated to make 5 small leaflets. The leaves tend to stick to the stems differently or to form small branches (short branches) that separate from the stems. Male and female flowers have the same inflorescence. The male flowers are lilac, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, and 6 stamens can be seen. The female flowers are magenta, 2.5 to 3 cm in diameter, and have 3 to 6 pistils. The fruits are short banana-like, 5-10 cm long and 3-4 cm thick. When ripe in the fall, it turns purple, splits vertically, and many black seeds wrapped in white flesh are clearly visible. Akebi is rooted as an indispensable local taste for Yamagata residents, and uses sprouts in spring and fruits in autumn. I heard that the cultivation of akebi became popular in Yamagata prefecture from the 1970s to the 1980s. Akebi collected in Tendo City has been well received in the Kanto region, and it seems that full-scale cultivation has begun. It is well known that the Murayama area and the Okitama area are the main production areas, and the production volume of the entire prefecture is the highest level in Japan. The appearance is slightly different depending on the type and strain, such as lilac and pink, and it also has a role to add color to the table. It is common to eat the white part around the seeds nationwide, but in Yamagata prefecture there is a rare food culture in Japan that eats the skin part. The taste is bittersweet, and in addition to “Akebi miso stuffed grilled”, it is cooked and eaten in various dishes such as simmered dishes, spicy dishes, tempura, and nuta spicy sauce. I would like you to take this opportunity to taste the nostalgic and tasty products of my hometown. Eating opportunities and seasons are from mid-August to mid-October. Inland households serve akebi dishes once or twice during the season as seasonal ingredients. For the locals, akebi is not the food that you buy at the supermarket, but rather the feeling that you pick up the food that grows naturally in the back mountains, grow it in the garden, or have it shared by your neighbors. The skin is dried in the sun and stored, and is also used for simmered dishes. It is said that it is a versatile fruit that can not be thrown away because of its appreciation for the ingredients, and it seems that there was a time when oil was taken from seeds a long time ago. Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Yamagata's jurisdiction consists of 2 cities and 2 towns, Kaminoyama City, Nakayama Town, and Yamanobe Town, centering on Yamagata City, the prefecture's capital. The eastern part borders Miyagi prefecture with the Ou mountain range in the background, and the Murayama basin spreads out in the western part, and the Asahi and Gassan mountain ranges show a beautiful mountain range beyond that. It is adjacent to the Okitama district in the south and Tendo / Sagae city in the north. In Yamagata City, Yamagata used to be called Mogami. By the end of the Heian period, it was already one of the main post stations on Dewa. This can be inferred from the records of the Engi ceremony. Buddhist culture was also introduced to the region quite early in the era, and it is said that Risshakuji Temple was founded by Ennin (Jikaku Daishi), a priest of the Tendai sect, in 860. It seems that the founding of Risshakuji Temple, which prospered with many Buddhist monks at the west foot of Ryuzan and KISSHOIN in Dewa, seems to be from that era. However, Yamagata developed into the center of political culture in this region after the middle of the Muromachi period. In 1356, Kaneyori SHIBA, who joined from Osaki in Oshu as a subject of Ushu tandai; local commissioner (Kamakura or Muromachi eras) composing poetry by lot, built a castle in this area, restored and maintained shrines and temples, prepared a castle town, and laid the cornerstone of development. It is also Kaneyori that the place name top was changed to “Yamagata”. 山形 made a leap forward to reign over the Dewa region during the era of Yoshiaki Mogami (Mr. Shiba later named Mogami), more than 200 years after Kaneyori (1546). -1614). Yoshiaki is the 11th descendant of Kaneyori, and is said to have been superior to Bunbu since he was a young man. However, Mr. Mogami was rehabilitated due to internal conflict only two generations after Yoshiaki died. After that, the Yamagata domain gradually declined, and until the Meiji Restoration, it continued to be a small domain politics, and in the time of the last domain lord, Tadahiro Mizuno, it was only a small domain of 50,000 Koku. It was the development of commerce that supported the prosperity of Yamagata after the middle of the Edo period. Among them, thistle saffron, which was used as a raw material for dyes and mouthpieces at that time, boasts the highest production in Japan and has been exported to various parts of the Kanto and Kansai regions. In addition, the production of ramie fiber and the production of castings are also active, and it seems that the exchange of these products brought about the development of Mogami River shipping and led to the introduction of upper culture. On the other hand, worshipers of Zao in the east and Mt. Haguro in the west are also based in Yamagata, and it seems that Yamagata was already busy from that time. When the domain was abolished by the Meiji Restoration and changed to a prefecture, the prefectural office of unified Yamagata prefecture was set up in Yamagata. Michitsune MISHIMA, the first prefectural ordinance, planned to build a modern city here and steadily improved its form. On April 1, 1899, both famous big cities such as Osaka and Yokohama implemented the city system as one of the 31 cities where the city system was first enforced in Japan, laying the foundation as a central city in the prefecture rice field. The city hall was opened on July 1st of the same year, and this day is designated as the anniversary of the municipal organization of Yamagata City. In 1931, a part of the neighboring village was incorporated, in 1943, two neighboring villages were merged, in 1954, 12 villages were merged, and in 1956, 6 villages were merged to open the edge of wide-area administration. It becomes the scale of. In 1989, the 100th anniversary of the enforcement of the city system was celebrated, and in 2001, when the new century began, it became a special city. Furthermore, in 2018, it moved to a core city and opened a health center, steadily stepping up the city. I hear that Yamagata City, which has become a majestic prefectural capital, is aiming for further development with the aim of “a city where everyone creates a shining Yamagata-like city-an advanced city for health and medical care.” The place name of Kaminoyama City used to be called “Kamiyama” or Kaminoyamagata as opposed to the present Yamagata, but since Mitsunaga Mogami dominated the area from 1356 to 1360 and called it “Kaminoyamaden”, It is said that it became Kaminoyama. After that, Yoshitada Kaminoyama, a descendant of Mitsunaga, moved the castle to Tsukioka and changed the course of Maekawa to develop it as a castle town, which is the original form of the current city area. The origin of Kaminoyama Onsen prospering as one of the Ou Sanrakukyo is that in 1458, a monk from Kishima, Hizen Province (currently Saga Prefecture), Gesshu discovered that a hot spring near the present Yumachi was springing up. The reason is that the county name and town name are the same. There is Ezaki Hot Spring (currently Takeo Onsen) in Kishima District, and Ureshino Onsen in Shioda Township, Fujitsu District, which is next to the south. And there is a legend of Empress Jingu opening hot springs. Also, according to the “Social Studies Dictionary” (published by Heibonsha), there was a “crane” at the beginning of the discovery at Ureshino Hot Spring. He seems to write that he may be a person near Ureshino Onsen in Kishima Township. As for the age of the discovery of the hot spring, it can be confirmed that it is 1458 in the above-mentioned book by Wakihiko Yugami, “Kaminoyama Observation Essay”. However, according to the separate volume of “Kaminoyama City History”, I have heard from interest until the various theories of “Showa era, Choroku 1st year, Choroku 2nd year, Choroku 3rd year, Choroku era, Go-Hanazono Emperor” are written together. After that, a group of hot springs such as Shinyu, Takamatsu, Hayama, Kawasaki, and Kanakame appeared one after another, and it is said that it has become widely known and popular because of its special effects on scenic beauty and post-illness medical treatment. The area is located in the southeastern part of the prefecture and extends to the foot of the Zao mountain range. The Zao River and Sugawasashimae River flow through the city, giving the impression that the city is formed in a semi-circular basin that shows a concave surface toward the northeast. There is relatively little snowfall, storms are rare, and it seems to be relatively climatically blessed. On October 1, 1954, Kaminoyama Town, Nishigo Village, Honjo Village, Higashi Village, Miyaoi Village, and Nakagawa Village merged into one town and five villages to enforce the city system. In 1956, part of Motosawa Village was merged with Kubote, and in 1957, part of Akayu Town was merged with Nakayama, and part of Yamamoto Village and Yamagata City was merged with Zao Kanakame. Once again, the city is a tourist town that spreads out at the foot of the Zao mountain range, which has three faces: a castle town, a post town, and a hot spring town. In addition to sightseeing spots such as “Kaminoyama Onsen”, which celebrated the 555th anniversary of the opening of the hot spring, Kaminoyama inn, Narashita inn Kanayama Pass, and “Kaminoyama Castle（It is said that Yoshitada Buei built it in 1535 in Tsukioka and Tenjinmori. It was the southernmost citadel of the Mogami clan, and was the stage for battles with Date and Uesugi in Yonezawa. It seems that after the Mogami clan was reformed in the early Edo period, it became the residence of successive feudal lords, but it was under the rule of Toki that the castle town was also maintained, and the magnificent castle at that time was “Famous castle of Ushu”. It seems that it was known as. However, in 1692, it was demolished by the Shogunate with the transfer of Mr. Toki, and now only a part of the moat remains. The ruins of the castle became the precincts of Tsukioka Park and Tsukioka Shrine, and were designated as a city historic site in 1957.）”, which prospered as important points on the Ushu Highway, Zao Kogen Bodaira has a literary department. There is a national training center high-altitude training strengthening base facility designated by the Ministry of Science, which is an activity base for top athletes. In addition, as an advanced area of “Japanese-style hot spring Kurort (recuperation area / health resort)”, a healthy walking course for walking in nature is maintained in the city, and charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in hot spring towns etc. It seems that they are promoting town development that balances health and eco-friendliness, such as the maintenance of hot springs and the introduction of EV taxis. Nakayama Town, Higashimurayama District is famous as a town that developed as a castle town of Nagasaki shield built by Mr. Nakayama in the Middle Ages. Mr. Nakayama was originally a gokenin of the Kamakura Shogunate. It seems that Mr. Oe went down to Sagae together because he was assigned to the Emperor Emeritus due to the Jokyu War. Mr. Nakayama has ruled this land for generations, and not only maintained the castle, but also built a castle town and solicited temples to manage the territory in a stable manner, and grew to have 8,000 koku at its peak. In particular, Nakayama Genba no Kami Tomomasa, who was the 8th lord of the castle (the tombstone is a cultural property designated by Nakayama Town: The area was originally located in the Ninomaru of Nagasaki Castle, where the precincts of Endoji Temple, the Bodhisattva Temple of Mr. Nakayama, were set up. Since the temple (established by Munetomo Nakayama, the lord of Nagasaki's castle at that time in 1444) also moved to another place, only the graveyard is left and it is said that a small shrine is currently enshrined. The Nagasaki Nakayama family ruled the area as a vassal of Mr. Oe Kangawa since the Kamakura period, but when Mr. Oe was destroyed by the invasion of the Mogami clan in 1584, the head of the family, Tomomasa (a child of the morning affairs) at that time became the Mogami clan. It seems that the territory of 7,000 koku was recognized as a vassal. After that, he worked as a powerful vassal of the Mogami clan and was successful in the invasion of Shonai in 1587. He engaged with the Uesugi army, but left the area after the Mogami clan was reformed.), is known as a famous prince, and it is said that he returned to the temporarily hijacked Nagasaki shield and actively carried out regional development. When Mr. Oe was destroyed by Mr. Mogami in 1584, Tomomasa Nakayama, the lord of the time, obeyed Mr. Mogami and is said to have been successful in the invasion of Shonai. In the Battle of Sekigahara, the castle fell due to the onslaught of Uesugi, and was abandoned when the Mogami clan changed in 1622. After that, the lords changed in an unstable situation in a short period of time, but with the development of Mogami River, many supplies were brought to the Nagasaki pier, which was the terminal port before the excavation of Kurotaki. Under such circumstances, it is said that Imoni was the favorite food of the boatmen, and it was convenient for time adjustment because the time of receiving the goods was unstable. Also, in the Oka village, there is a townscape with a long wall that is formed mainly by the Kashiwakura clan, who was a wealthy farmer, and clearly conveys the situation at that time. Yamanobe Town, Higashimurayama District has a long history, and it is said that Yoshizane Ono, who was Dewa-gunji, built Yamanobe Castle in 834-848 during the Jowa era. Yoshizane Ono is the father of Ono no Komachi（He was active in the middle of the Heian period and can be found in Rokkasen (a collection of ancient and modern Japanese poems), but it seems that he was not the only singer. She danced with koto, calligraphy and she did everything well. She would have been told that she had a beautiful appearance that could even be praised as the return of Princess Sotoori: According to the Nihon Shoki, around the 5th century, the empress of Emperor Ingyo (Prince 412-453 of Emperor Nintoku), the real sister of Oshisaka no Ochuhime, was one of the princesses. It has become. Perhaps because Oshisaka no Ochuhime and Princess Sotoori; Sotoori no Iratsume were sisters, it is said that her empress's jealousy made her sister Princess Sotoori live in Kawachi's Chinumiya.）, and Yamanobe Town is dotted with historical sites such as Osugi of Atago Shrine, which is said to be hand-planted by Komachi, and the spring used by Komachi to produce hot water. It is said that one of the 66 temples nationwide was built in 1356, which was one of the areas that had already been opened since the early days of the Nara period. The entire town was dominated by Mr. Yamanobe from ancient times, but gradually became influenced by Mr. Mogami, and in 1601 Yoshiaki Mogami's fourth son, Mogami (Yamanobe) Yoshitada, was sent as a prince, so he was completely subordinated. Yoshitada is a well-known person who has a track record of renovating Yamanobe Castle, constructing castle towns, and actively managing territories rice field. It is a pity, but after that, it became a heavenly territory and a Daikan Mansion was set up, and in 1823 it became an excursion of the Shirakawa domain. In addition, some merchants who deal with safflowers and become wealthy merchants appeared in the town where Mogami River boat luck was flourishing, and it seems that “Boehmeria nivea var. Nipononivea; Ramie” was cultivated and carried upward as a textile in the mountains. The Okitama region of Yamagata Prefecture is also widely known as a production area and is also a food arcadia. I'm feeling good now, so I'd like to list it. Akebia（Chocolate vine）, a vine, has long been native to the mountains of East Asia such as Japan and China. I hear that it has been eaten and appreciated by the people of the area. In the Edo period, oil was collected from Akebia seeds and cultivated as a commercial product only recently. Most of the items currently shipped to the market are from Yamagata prefecture and are delicious. Among them, the Shirataka Akebia Subcommittee is proud of its leading production areas and entertains us. Located in the central part of Yamagata prefecture, it is also famous as a hop（Humulus lupulus）producing area. The subcommittee started around 1982 by grafting from the Akebia that grows naturally in the mountains, making it into shelves, and cultivating it. The skin is thick, clean and has a refined purple color. Flower language is talent and only love, and I am deeply moved. Vines, leaves, roots and fruits are said to be effective as medicinal herbs. The vine stems should be dried and herbal medicines should be used. Both the peel and the flesh are nutritious and can be eaten thoroughly, making them attractive products and paying homage to the producers. It makes me want to go back to the country. The skin is slightly bitter and appetizing. In the Tohoku region, especially in Yamagata prefecture, it has been popular as a local dish for a long time. It is suitable for cooking with oil because it is drained, and can be used for stir-fried, fried foods, and grilled and sauteed. You can also use it for steamed or simmered dishes by boiling it with salt and removing it. I hear that in regional cuisine, edible wild plants and burdock are often stuffed inside. When cooking the skin into tempura,cut it into thin slices, soak it in water to remove the lye, wipe off the water, put on a batter and fry. Young spring buds are popular as one of the seasonal wild plants. Choose a pericarp that is taut and glossy and has a good color. Cracked skin is evidence of ripeness. The flesh contains about twice as much vitamin C as mandarin oranges, so it is effective in relieving rough skin, relieving fatigue, and preventing colds. It also contains folic acid, so it is one of the fruits that women should definitely eat for anaenia prevention. The pericarp is rich in Kalium, has a diuretic effect, and excretes salt, which is a hypertension prevention. Vines and stems are also often used for women's specific diseases such as irregular menstruation and lack of breast milk. I don't understand if foreigners know it, but in Japan, it is traded at a slightly higher price. I heard that it is very cheap in China and few farmers are still cultivating it, but it is claimed that if it can be exported to Japan in large quantities, it may become a crop that will bring huge profits was there. The news that it might be worth a good business tip shouldn't let me down.
It is rich in vitamin C, and its content seems to be twice that of mandarin oranges. C6H8O6 is an excellent nutrient that has the effect of obscuring the black melanin produced by ultraviolet rays and helping the production of collagen to give tension to the skin. In addition, it has an antioxidant effect and has the effect of removing active oxygen in the body, and seems to be useful for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as myocardial infarction. Both the flesh and the skin are rich in dietary fiber. It has the effect of excreting cholesterol from the body, and seems to be effective and quick-acting to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. In addition, it increases the number of good bacteria, prepares the intestinal environment, and cleans the intestines, so it seems that it can be expected to be effective in relieving constipation. It has the function of suppressing the absorption of cholesterol, and has been confirmed to have the effect of suppressing the rise in blood sugar level.
Yamagata Prefecture in the Tohoku region accounts for about 90% of production. The reason for this was that when we shipped high-quality Akebiae Caulis from the mountains in Yamagata Prefecture, it was highly evaluated in the Kanto and Kansai regions. Not only the fruits, but also the young shoots that appear in the spring are called tree buds, and they are also enjoyed as spring wild plants, and the food is softened.
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