Mihara Village, Hata District, Kochi Prefecture, is said to be the farthest from Tokyo in terms of time. Villagers value the connections between people that have been forgotten a little in modern times, do not go against nature, take care of seasonal ingredients, and live in a way that preserves the traditional “food” culture and daily activities. Here is the original scenery of Japan that used to be everywhere. Among them, Tosa inkstone is known all over the country for its good quality, and is called “Tosa Tankei Inkstone” and is gaining high popularity. In 1966, calligrapher Mr. Kenkichi Araya discovered his inkstone gemstone in Shitagiri, Mihara Village, and production began. Made from good quality black slate（Mesozoic Cretaceous Formation about 60 million years ago）, it is as highly regarded by calligraphers as Chinese Tankei stone. War of Onin (1467 in the Muromachi period) Emperor's chief advisor Norifusa Ichijo-Ko escaped from the war from Kyoto, and went down to Tosa Kunihata Villa, where the Ichijo family was, and now Tosa Shimanto City (former Nakamura City), Tosa He started the Ichijo family and later built a cultural city called Little Kyoto in Tosa. It is said in the literature that Ichijo, a literary and noble calligrapher, found a good quality inkstone here and used it for a long time. Declining demand is a major challenge for many traditional crafts. Tosa Inkstone in the village is using this issue as a springboard to create new ways of working and living for craftsmen.
【Product Name】
Chinese Kale
【Type】
Brassica oleracea Alboglabra Group
【Jurisdiction area】
Shimanto City, Kochi Prefecture, Sukumo City, Tosashimizu City, Hata District (Kuroshio Town, Mihara Town, Otsuki Town) Shimanto Town, Takaoka District (JA Kochi Prefecture, Hata District)
【Derived from the name】
Jierantsai is a cruciferous vegetable native to China, which is a member of the cabbage family but does not head. Make young stems edible.
【Major features】
Kochi Prefecture is located in the southern part of Shikoku. The Shikoku Mountains are connected to the north, and the fan-shaped terrain facing the Pacific Ocean to the south has a total area of 7100 km2, accounting for 38% of the total area of Shikoku. I hear that 84% of the prefecture's land area is occupied by forests, and the proportion of mountainous areas has reached 95%. On the other hand, the average annual temperature is 17.0 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall is 2548 mm, and the annual sunshine is 2154 hours. Under such location and natural conditions, paddy rice, vegetables, fruits, livestock products, etc. are produced for agriculture, and Kochi Prefecture Agriculture is a facility gardening with high production efficiency that intensively uses narrow cultivated land. It seems that it is the core division of. In addition, ginger, eggplant, garlic, japanese ginger, and shishito pepper occupy the largest share in the whole country, and okra and cucumber also occupy a high share in the whole country. Kochi Prefecture Agricultural Cooperative Hata District Agricultural Economic Center, which has jurisdiction over Sukumo City, Shimanto City, Tosashimizu City, Kuroshio Town, Otsuki Town, and Mihara Village, is relatively active in producing open-field vegetables such as okra and broccoli. It seems to be a region. Regarding the shipment volume of okra in 2018, it seems that Kochi prefecture as a whole accounted for 1113 tons, of which about 40%, 457 tons. Even in the Hata district of Kochi prefecture, the production of okra is active in Sukumo City, and I hear that the producer subcommittee called “JA Kochi Prefecture Hata District Sukumo Subcommittee” is the center of production. Okra is native to the African continent and has been cultivated in Egypt for over 2000 years, and it is said that it entered Japan from the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji era. It seems that Sukumo City was established as an okra producing area around 1975. Until then, it was mainly paddy rice, but it seems that okra cultivation using paddy fields has begun as a crop that can generate stable profits. The reason is that it was thought to be suitable for warm and humid areas because it is vulnerable to cold and resistant to heat, dryness, and humidification.Initially, it seems that 30-40 households started outdoor cultivation. In 2013, there were 141 producers and the cultivation area reached 14 ha, but recently it has decreased due to the aging of the producers, and in 2018 it is said that the number of producers is 96 and the cultivation area is 9 ha. The main cropping types are house and open field (including tunnel) cultivation, but it seems that open field cultivation accounts for the majority. Sowing is done from February to April, and it seems that it will be harvested in about 70 days. It is said that it continues to ship from house cultivation to open field cultivation, mainly from April to early November. The optimum temperature for germination rate is 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, and it seems that the germination rate tends to decrease as the temperature decreases. The pale yellow flowers bloom（When giving a gift, it has a good meaning as a gift for a loved one.）about 60 days after sowing, and it seems to be harvested about 5 days after the flowers fall. In the hot summer months, the pods seem to grow about 4 cm a day. It is said that they are harvested every day because the fiber develops when the harvest is delayed and the taste is significantly impaired. Especially during the peak season from July to August, I hear that the harvest is done twice in the morning and evening. Therefore, it seems that the shipment volume will increase from July to August, and after September, the shipment volume will decrease as the temperature drops, and the shipment volume will be small in November. I also heard that the plant height at the end of harvest will be about 2 m. In order to ship early in the open field cultivation, it is said that mulching and a water bottle duct (hot water bottle: Originally from China, it seems to have been called “warming pan”. “Shoken
Journal” (a diary written by Kiko Daishuku, a priest of the Rinzai sect in the middle of the Muromachi period, at Kaieji Temple in Sakai（大坂）, where he spent his last years. An article from 1484-86 still exists). From the description of “warming pan” on October 9, 1486, it seems that it was already in Japan at least in the middle of the Muromachi period. Furthermore, it is written that it was imported during the Kamakura period.) are installed in the tunnel to raise the soil temperature, improve the germination rate and promote growth. Since continuous cropping reduces soil fertility and causes pests such as Nekobu nematode（Pratylenchus; penetranscobb's root-lesion nematode, Meloidogyne incognitasouthern（incognita）; root-knot nematod）, which reduces the yield. Therefore, when cultivating in the same field, paddy rice is cultivated for 3 years and then okra is cultivated to suppress the occurrence of Meloidogyne incognitasouthern. At the same time, it seems that they are trying to maintain the soil fertility. In addition, as an eco-friendly agriculture, producers have devised a cultivation method and are working on a difficult cultivation method called eco-cultivation that does not rely on pesticides as much as possible. JA Kochi Prefecture Hata District The variety shipped within the jurisdiction is “Early Five”. The characteristic of this product is that it has a clear pentagon and the meat quality is soft. From Takii & Co., Ltd., the plant height is medium and low, the internode length is medium and short, and the leaf size is medium and small, which is a relatively compact grass shape, so it seems that it is easy to cultivate in a house as well as in tunnel cultivation and open field cultivation. The pod color is dark green and seems to have excellent color gloss. Since the pods are less bent, it is said to have high marketability. In the case of direct sowing, there is no need to worry about late frost. Then sow. It is recommended to sprinkle 4 to 5 grains in one place and cover the soil to 2 to 3 cm. If the soil temperature in the field cannot be secured sufficiently at the time of sowing, raise seedlings. Sprinkle 4 to 5 grains in a 9 cm plastic pot and cover with soil about 1 cm. The germination is aligned by controlling the soil temperature at about 25 to 30 ° C. When there are about 3 true leaves, it seems better to plant them in the field, being careful not to cut the roots. Sufficient compost is applied in advance and deeply cultivated to create soil with good water retention and drainage. Topdressing should be started when one or two fruits are harvested, and care should be taken not to run out of fertilizer. Over-humidity in the early stages of growth tends to cause poor growth and dieback, and conversely, extreme drying tends to cause core clogging, so management is performed to maintain appropriate humidity. In addition, it is said that after the flowering and pod setting period, irrigation will be carried out as appropriate to maintain the grass vigor. In addition, it is said that it can maintain the yield until the latter half of cultivation and expect high yield because it has strong heat resistance and stamina at the same time as it pods a lot from the low node. In the jurisdiction, it seems that all the fruits are jointly selected to unify the quality. Producers will start harvesting in the field at sunrise, and will put the harvested products in containers and bring them to the fruit sorting plant. After that, the fruit sorters at the fruit sorting plant sort, pack the net with a machine, and stop the top of the net with a paper seal. According to the standard, 6 to 7 L's and 8 M's are packed, and each package weighs 5.6 kg before being delivered to the pre-cooler. We mainly ship M products with a length of 8.5 to 10.5 cm. In addition, the fruit sorting plant seems to be operating from April to November with 30 fruit sorting staff and 24 machines. The shipping volume is 2.6 tons per day on the days when the peak season is high, and the average is 1 ton. It seems that the products are packed and then delivered by truck. The main delivery destinations are Tohoku, Keihin, Chukyo, Hokuriku, Keihanshin, and Chugoku-Shikoku, and I hear that most of them are shipped to Chukyo and Keihanshin. It has been pointed out that the fruit sorting plant used to be a cause of quality deterioration because it had no air-conditioning equipment and had to perform fruit sorting work in the summer when the temperature inside the plant was high. For this reason, the subcommittee is discussing and introducing air conditioning equipment in FY2016, and is working on temperature control so that quality does not deteriorate. “Okra”, a specialty of Kochi prefecture, seems to be classified according to plant height, shape (round pods and seeds, pentagonal species, polygonal species), and pod color and length. There is a large difference in plant height depending on the variety, and some trees grow quite large in the tropics, and some pods have a length of nearly 20 cm. Looking at the main cultivars in Japan, green pentagonal varieties account for the majority, but it seems that there are also native varieties of round pods and red pods at direct sales offices. The optimum temperature for cultivation is as high as 25 to 30 degrees Celsius, and it is a perennial plant in the tropics, but it is an annual plant in Japan. JA Kochi Prefecture's Eastern Open-Air Vegetables Subcommittee has cultivated broccoli and cabbage as back crops for paddy fields. However, because it is a complementary item by producers who mainly grow paddy rice, the shipment volume is small and it is vulnerable to competition with other production areas, and the sales unit price seems to be unstable. Therefore, it seems that it was desired to introduce new promising items to replace them and to make them into production areas. Under these circumstances, he focused on “Chinese broccoli,” which can be cultivated in wet fields, has little competition with other production areas, and is expected to be in demand in the market. It is a kind of Chinese vegetable that is a member of cabbage and broccoli and is also called Chinese broccoli. I heard that the subcommittee started cultivating on a trial basis in 2009, and in 2011, set up the “芥藍; Kairan” department within the subcommittee and started full-scale production. However, since it is a new item, there are many unclear points in terms of cultivation, so the average yield is low and the number of growers seems to have been a problem. It seems that there is a reality that we have been working on securing the target yield by establishing cultivation technology and making “芥藍菜” a production area by expanding the area. In consultation with JA Kochi City, the rice cultivation department in the Kera and Otsu areas was selected as a cultivation promotion target in order to dig up new producers in 2015. In addition, I heard that they used the workshops of each subcommittee to explain the characteristics and outline of cultivation and enlightened them to introduce new products. At the beginning, 6 people showed interest in new planting, so as a result of individual interviews, 4 people started cultivation at 45 a. In order to acquire the skills of new growers at an early stage, we gave priority to on-the-spot guidance, and it seems that fertilizer and irrigation were properly performed and the plants grew smoothly. It seems that the number of producers in 2015 was 15 and the cultivated area expanded to 165 a. Since it is a newly introduced item, it seems that the cultivation management technology adapted to the area has not been established. Therefore, it seems that the appropriate fertilizer management model was formulated by organizing and analyzing past fertilizer management and yield data. In addition, it seems that the planting and harvesting methods were reviewed, and the cultivation calendar was revised and presented. I heard that at cultivation seminars and field study meetings, the level of the entire subcommittee was improved by instructing management methods according to the growth stage as well as basic cultivation techniques. The outbreak of “Plasmodiophora brassicae” reduced the yield, which seems to have been a big problem at that time. It seems that it has been seen in broccoli cultivation, but it was difficult to control it because of soil infectious diseases. Therefore, as new measures, correction of soil pH (degree of acidity and alkalinity) with alkaline materials such as converter slag and “decoy radish” : lump-reduced radish is a resistant variety, so it develops after primary infection (root hair infection). It does not seem to (skin layer infection). Therefore, it is said that it will reduce dormant spores in the soil and lead to suppression of root hair disease. Also, due to the effect of “flusulfamide agent” etc., the decoy effect on the spores sleeping in the soil cannot be expected. However, it seems that a decoy effect can be expected in the fields damaged by Plasmodiophora brassicae, where the bacteria are actively active. I heard that a field demonstration test is being conducted on a control method that reduces the density of pathogens in the field using. As a result, the control effect was confirmed in the interim survey using the test plant, and it is planned to continue the survey in the future. Furthermore, it seems that it is shipped mainly to the Kanto market, where demand is high, but it seems that there are some cases where the freshness is slightly reduced around October at the beginning of harvest. Therefore, it is said that the production subcommittee is working together to maintain quality, such as improving the harvesting / adjusting method, packaging method, and pre-cooling temperature. As for the packaging method mentioned earlier, partial packaging seems to be a patented technology developed by the Kochi Agricultural Technology Center, although the mechanism is not clear from the name alone. It seems that it was developed by its predecessor, Mr. Yoshitaka Suzuki, in cooperation with packaging equipment manufacturers and distributors. As the name implies, it seems to refer to a partially bonded packaging form. It seems that it means to wrap it with a very small gap without sealing it. Fruits and vegetables are constantly breathing, so if they are completely sealed, oxygen will be lost and they will not be able to breathe. On the contrary, it seems that if you are in normal air, you will breathe too much and consume energy. By putting air (oxygen) in a bag to make the inside of the bag low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide, respiration and production of aging hormones are suppressed. In addition, it is a well-known fact that the rate of decrease in freshness slows down. Therefore, it was known that lowering the oxygen concentration would make it last longer. It seems that the big advantage of partial seal packaging is that it can be realized at low cost. It seems that the main body of the packaging machine is expensive, but since it is possible to realize partial seal packaging just by changing the relatively inexpensive tooth mold, it is possible to introduce it at low cost, and I heard that it was widely adopted by each agricultural cooperative and market in the prefecture. Duplicate, but please forgive me. Freshness preservation technology by partial seal packaging: Developed “partial seal packaging” as a simple and low-cost freshness preservation packaging method. Obtained a patent in 2001 (Patent No. 3259166). A method of adjusting gas permeability by leaving fine voids in the welded part when mechanically packaging fruits and vegetables with a film. By changing the size of the void, it seems that the amount of gas permeated in the bag can be adjusted to a small amount. The inside of the bag becomes hypoxic and high carbon dioxide, the respiratory action of fruits and vegetables is suppressed, and a high freshness-maintaining effect appears. Since this packaging can be carried out simply by replacing the center seal roller of the packaging machine, it seems easy to introduce the technology to the production area. Welsh onions were shipped in Styrofoam containers, but the development of this packaging method has made it possible to ship in cardboard boxes, significantly reducing shipping material costs. I often see them lately. This method has been introduced as a practical technology in the production areas of garlic chives, green onions, and green onions. Also for Chinese Kale introduced this time. Exports of agricultural products are subject to harsher conditions than domestic distribution, so the freshness of agricultural products has declined significantly, and it seems that they are forced to use airmail, which has high transportation costs. At the Kochi Agricultural Technology Center, in the research project “Establishment of super-partial freshness-preserving packaging technology for fruits and vegetables” from 2008 to 2009, freshness-preserving packaging for sea mail, whose transportation cost is 1/10 of that of air mail. Developed the technology. We have improved the partial seal packaging to handle shipping that takes about a week, and have also conducted export tests for net melons, high sugar content tomatoes, garlic chives, green onions, etc. to Taiwan, Malaysia, and Hong Kong. In Japan, there were scenes of encountering high temperatures, but after being delivered to the Leafa container, it remained in a low temperature and high humidity environment of around 3 ° C and 80%, and it was found that it was hardly placed in high temperatures even after arriving in Taiwan. That's right. It seems that the softening inhibitory effect of netmelon and high sugar content tomato, and the green retention effect of garlic and green onion were confirmed. I heard that the handling of luggage was rough by sea, and some cardboard boxes were crushed or torn. In addition to this, the person in charge was in the process of developing freshness-preserving packaging technology for okra, broccoli, brassica flower, asparagus, etc.
Bolting is easy, using young leaves and growing flower stalks, but it is also possible to eat from a young age. Isothiocyanate derived from Brassicaceae does not exist in vegetables as it is, but in the state of tasteless and odorless glucosinolate (mustard oil glycoside) and indole-3-carbinol (C9H9NO) in the cell. Clearly isolated. In addition, since cells are destroyed by eating, they are produced by the action of an enzyme called myrosinase that exists in different places. Since test results have shown that it has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, expectations for the prevention of chronic diseases in cruciferous vegetables are increasing.
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