【Product name】
Hakata boston lettuce
【Type】
Lactuca sativa var. capitata
【Producing area】
Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture (JA Kurume, Eco Farmer Certification: JA Kurume Salad Vegetables Committee, JA Zennoh Fukuren)
【Origin of name】
It’s named because it has a loose winding and has heads, but the leaves are bright green with a gloss, which is ideal for garnishing.
【Major features】
In early February 2022, the JA Kurume Salad lettuces Subcommittee in Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture, began shipping from late January with the label “Nutrition Functional Food (Vitamin K)” on the “Hakata Salad lettuces” package. It seems that the nutritional function display of salad lettuce is the first in Japan. In order to appeal its nutritional value, the package design has been redesigned, and it seems that it is selling to consumers who are strongly interested in health. In order to differentiate itself, the group has thoroughly analyzed the nutritional components and found that the content of vitamin K meets the standards for nutritionally functional foods set by the government. Fukuoka Bio Valley Project (Fukuoka Prefecture Bio-Industry Center Promotion Council: Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture Hyakunenkoen. The city cooperates with Fukuoka Prefecture to promote the Fukuoka Bio Valley Project that aims to accumulate bio-related companies centered on Kurume. We are supporting the research and development of pharmaceuticals, biotools, functional foods, etc. This time, the Japanese Cabinet Office has announced that it is the first “regional biocommunity” to develop unique bio-field initiatives according to the region. Fukuoka Prefecture was the only certified company in western Japan. On July 2, 2021, a joint press conference was held between Kurume City and Fukuoka Prefecture at Kurume Research Park. It has become possible to make great use of support, and further breakthroughs are widely expected not only from agricultural personnel but also from all fields.) ”, With the cooperation of Fukuoka Prefecture and Kurume City, etc., nutritional function It seems that food labeling has become possible. Vitamin K (Phylloquinone: an enzyme that acts as a cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in animals and carboxylates proteins) is a nutrient that has a blood coagulation effect and helps calcium intake. “Hakata salad lettuce” seems to contain more than 69 micrograms of vitamin K in 50 grams. The design has been redesigned to display nutritional function on the package. The surface is a splashed pattern woven around the city’s traditional “Kurume KASURI (Fukuoka Prefecture / Chikugo region, former Kurume clan territory), with the nutritional function display and the letters of agricultural products in gold. It is a dedication ritual of Kushida Shrine and is held from July 1st to 15th every year. I heard that it started with praying for cleansing and the extinction of the plague. It is known that it was used for the workman’s livery coat worn by men at the Hakata Gion Yamakasa Festival (often just called Yamakasa Festival). Is named because it looks like a hazy pattern, and it is a cotton woven fabric that is dyed first and then woven to create a pattern.) ” Seven nutritional components including vitamin K per 50 grams are displayed. A recipe in collaboration with a seasoning maker is also described. QR code under the recipe (currently Denso Wave Co., Ltd. in 1994 (Headquarters: Chita District, Aichi Prefecture) Developed by Akubi Town section of village Kusagi section of village Yoshiike). Barcodes express numbers and letters by the width and arrangement of black and white lines, while QR codes are black and white arranged vertically and horizontally on a plane. A dot pattern is used. This greatly increases the amount of data that can be stored, and for its convenience it was internationally standardized in 2000.) When it is read, it works with the JA homepage and other salad nutrition recipes. This excellent agricultural product is cultivated by hydroponic cultivation nationwide, but the subcommittee cultivates it by soil cultivation (a method of cultivating fields and growing plants using soil from ancient times). It boasts one of the largest production volumes in Japan, and 12 energetic members produce 9.4 hectares, and from year-round cultivation, about 830,000 cases are shipped annually to the Kanto, Kansai, China, and Kyushu regions. Inside. The Kurume Agricultural Cooperative is in the jurisdiction of the former Kurume City (Kurume City before the merger with the adjacent 4 towns in 2005). The jurisdiction is located in the center of the Tsukushi Plain. From the northeastern part to the southwestern part, the Chikugo River, which is said to be the largest river in Kyushu, flows, and on the south side, the Mino Mountain Range runs along the river. Topographically, it slopes gently to the northwest from the foothills and hills in the southeast, and it seems that agricultural land and urban areas spread out at one end of the vast alluvial plain formed by the Chikugo River. JR and Nishitetsu are running in the JA Kurume jurisdiction, and there is a Kurume interchange on the Kyushu Expressway, so it seems that transportation is convenient. In addition, the city is a nucleated city with a population of about 300,000, and it is close to Fukuoka City and seems to be a production area adjacent to the consumption area. Under fertile soil conditions, vegetable cultivation in the jurisdiction has a long history, and institutional cultivation began in the latter half of the 1955s, and it is said that it is now one of the leading vegetable producing areas in Fukuoka Prefecture. “Leaf lettuce” cultivation is said to have started about 35 years ago. It was introduced because the initial investment is small, it is easy for the elderly and female farmers to cultivate, and it is easy to combine it with other items, and it seems that it was initially positioned as a complementary item. In recent years, the introduction of labor-saving machines (transplanting machines and prop-driving machines) has made it possible to expand the production scale, and it is easier for new farmers and successors to work on it, so the number of producers and the cultivation area tend to increase. It seems certain. As a result, leaf lettuce has become a mainstay item, and it is said that it boasts the highest sales in the JA Kurume jurisdiction. The transplanting machine was introduced in 2007, which led to rapid expansion of the scale and an increasing tendency of the cultivated area. The following year, in 2008, I heard that they acquired the national “designated vegetable production area” and joined the “designated vegetable price stabilization business”. As the number of new producers and successors has increased, the average age of club members has changed from 57.4 years in 2010 to 54.5 years in 2015. Annual shipments have increased by about 500,000 cases in the last five years, and it seems that shipments per unit are also on the rise. The number of leaf lettuce producers in 2015 was 87, and the cultivation area was 255 hectares (total area), and the cultivation area per household seems to be 2.93 hectares. It seems that they are aiming for stable production and stable shipment by combining sunny lettuce and green leaf and selecting varieties that can prolong the harvest time. Looking at the ratio of cultivated area, it seems that sunny lettuce is 55% and green leaf is 45%. The leaf lettuce in the jurisdiction has a long harvest period of 9 months excluding the summer, and it seems that the number of producers who realize year-round employment by incorporating other items in the summer is increasing. Seeding was carried out from late July to mid-April, planting was carried out sequentially from mid-August to early May, and the harvest period was from mid-September to mid-June. Since 2016, the production committee has been set up as a subordinate organization of the subcommittee. It seems that producers who will serve as committee members are selected for each district, and they are working on trial production of new varieties, reduction of production costs, and review of cultivation standards and cropping patterns. I heard that leaf lettuce is cultivated in open fields and tunnels and is easily affected by the weather. Especially in recent years, the climate change is severe every year, and it seems that it is difficult to realize stable shipment. Therefore, it seems that they are continuing to study varieties that are resistant to disease, rainfall, and frost damage to the plants and can be cultivated even in harsh winter weather. Also, it seems that the cultivation standards are constantly being reviewed. Harvesting, preparation and boxing work will be done in the field and will be brought to JA’s garden distribution center as it is. After that, it seems that it will undergo a quality check by an excerpt inspection by a third party and will be rapidly refrigerated with a vacuum precooler. In addition, items temporarily stored in the refrigerator (5 degrees Celsius) are likely to be transported by truck to each customer at low temperature. It seems that the shipping destinations are mainly 19 fruit and vegetable markets nationwide (as of 2016). It seems that the ratio of shipping areas was 25% in the Keihin area, 30% in the Keihanshin area, 20% in the China area, and 25% in the Kyushu area. It seems that they hold a shipping standard assessment meeting before shipping and reconfirm the shipping standard. In addition, it is said that it holds sales transaction meetings with the person in charge of each transaction market four times a year in the production area and twice a year in the consumption area. By exchanging opinions and responding to market demands such as expansion of contract scale, unification of quality, and stable shipment, it seems that it is trying to develop the production area. Since the market price of lettuce fluctuates drastically and may become extremely high or low, stable transactions are an issue for securing income for producers. Therefore, it seems that they are conducting a certain percentage of contract transactions and weekly bilateral transactions (transactions in which the quantity and price are decided in advance (1 to 2 weeks in advance) and shipped with a specific customer every week). It seems that the annual cropping plan will be compiled before shipping, and the quantity of contract transactions and weekly bilateral transactions will be decided accordingly. Some are trying to maintain and manage their freshness by sending them directly to their business partners. In addition, since 2014, it has been working on the branding of “Kurume Leaf Lettuce” in collaboration with related organizations such as Kurume City. As part of this, it seems that the mayor of Kurume, the union leader of JA Kurume, and the representatives of producers carried out top sales in the fruit and vegetable market in the metropolitan area. In addition, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry sponsors an “idea recipe contest” to create a recipe collection and conducts PR activities at various events. Furthermore, since the number of new growers and successors has increased in recent years, it seems that they are trying to further expand the cultivation area and shipment quantity. In addition, it seems that all the members of the department are working together to improve the income of producers and to unify the quality of cultivation techniques. Within the jurisdiction, it has a high market share during the cold season and is famous as one of the leading lettuce producing areas in Japan. I heard that “Kurume Leaf Lettuce”, which was exposed to the gentle sunlight, boasts a bright color and a soft texture. It seems that there are various ways to eat salad, shabu-shabu, miso soup, green smoothies, and so on. In addition, leaf lettuce, which is rich in β-carotene, is indispensable for daily eating habits, as it improves the texture of the skin, enhances immunity, and has the effect of preventing lifestyle-related diseases such as arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction. There is no such thing. Fukuoka Prefecture’s salad vegetables; butterhead lettuce are the number one shipment in Japan, and Kurume City’s salad vegetables boast a share of more than 80% in Fukuoka Prefecture. (FY2015 Crop Statistics) Focusing on such points, it seems that it has been working on PR as a Kurume brand agricultural product next to Leaf Lettuce since FY2017. In February 2017, the JA Kurume Salad Vegetables Subcommittee acquired GAP（The explanations are explained extensively on this blog, so if you are interested, please search.）, which is a food safety standard for agricultural products, and is working to produce safe and secure salad vegetables. JA Kurume Butterhead Lettuce Subcommittee belongs to JA Kurume. The jurisdiction covers Kurume City (excluding Tanushimaru Town, Kitano Town, Mizuma Town, and Jojima Town), and as of April 1, 2018, there are 5149 regular members and 9769 associate members. It seems that there were a total of 14,918 people. “Hakata butterhead lettuce from Fukuoka prefecture, eco-farmer certification, JA Kurume Butterhead Lettuce subcommittee, Kirari Kurume and display on the package. Environmentally friendly farmer (as recognized by law) is a prefectural governor’s plan to introduce a highly sustainable agricultural production method (a production method that integrates soil preparation and reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides). Refers to a certified farmer.” Kurume, which can be cultivated year-round, is one of the leading salad lettuce; butterhead lettuce producing areas in Japan. It is a gem that is highly evaluated for its deep color of leaves, good taste and longevity, made by carefully selected soil cultivation. It’s simple, but I would like to introduce the production area. Kurume City, In an advanced medical city where the number of top-level doctors（It was triggered by Kurume University（Former Kyushu Vocational School of Medicine: School song: Mr. Hakushu Kitahara）, which was founded in 1928.）and medical institutions are concentrated in Japan. State-of-the-art Cancer vaccine research etc. Bio-Industry is also being accumulated. It is famous as the largest agricultural production city in Fukuoka Prefecture with the highest agricultural output in Japan. In the city, Kyushu’s No. 1 large river “Chikugo River（It has been flooded frequently since prehistoric times and caused great damage to the basin, but on the other hand, it created fertile plains and created a rich breadbasket. From the establishment of the Chikugo national government office of nara / heian era to the present, it has developed while receiving blessings as the center of the southern region of Fukuoka prefecture, including the eastern part of Saga prefecture. Edo Period has developed as a castle town of the Arima family, and since modern times it has evolved from the town of Kurume kasuri（cotton cloth called {‘kurume-gasuri’} with splashed patterns）to the town of the rubber industry.）” runs through from the northeast to the west. In the east, there is the Mino mountain range that stands out like a folding screen, and boasts a beautiful natural landscape with lush greenery along with the vast and fertile Chikugo Plain. In 1889, the first municipalism in Japan was implemented with 30 cities nationwide. After that, the city area expanded due to repeated mergers. Merged with Tanushimaru, Kitano, Jyojima and Mizuma Town in February 2005. In April 2008, Kyushu will become the only core city（Designated Mid-Level City）outside the prefectural capital. The city is located inland, with severe summer heat and winter cold, and daily temperature changes are large. The average annual temperature is about 16 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature during the cold season from January to February is 5 to 8 degrees Celsius. I hear that the average temperature in midsummer from July to August is about 27 to 29 degrees Celsius. Throughout the year, it is rich in seasonal changes, with little snow and relatively warm. Produced great ancestors and celebrities who are still famous to this day. It is known as a city with abundant soil, full of individuality and charm, with active activities related to the culture and arts of the citizens. Daizenji-Temple Tamataregu: Oniyo – It is one of the three major fire festivals in Japan and is designated as an important intangible folk cultural property of Japan. Kurume Rhododendron L. Rhododendron ferrugineum L. March: A popular event in which over 10,000 walkers from all over Japan participate. Chikugo river fire works festival – Kurume Suitengu Dedication Fireworks Festival – In 1650, Kurume feudal lord Tadayori Arima（second generation Nakanomatsurigotosurutsukasa）-Ko donated the shrine to Kurume Suitengu. Last year, we were very annoyed by the producers who brought vegetables to the collection point due to the problem that pesticides that greatly exceeded the standard value were detected from garland chrysanthemum. It seems that there was a sad voice saying that the prices of vegetables are falling, even if they are cultivated seriously, keeping the amount. It seems that the farmers who misused the pesticides did not join the study group or subcommittee in JA Kurume, and sold the garland chrysanthemum produced by themselves to JA Kurume. Therefore, there is no obligation to submit a production history that records the spraying and amount of pesticides, and the product was shipped as it is. JA has instructed the proper use of pesticides, but the view is that they have not been thoroughly implemented. It’s been a year since then, and I’ve heard that the site has improved.
【栄養素・機能性成分】
Protein: macromolecule; Structural proteins make up the body, and functional proteins are proteins involved in digestion, transportation, and chemical reactions. Digestive enzymes such as pepsin（aspartic endopeptidase）and trypsin（Endopeptidase & Serine Protease）, which are cut by digestive enzymes and decomposed into small peptides and amino acids, absorbed and digested finely, are also made from amino acids.
脂質: It has important roles such as being used as an energy source, becoming a component of cell membranes, organs, and nerves, and assisting the transport of vitamins. It keeps a person’s body temperature, moisturizes and glitters the skin, helps normal hormones work, and has an active function. Women, in particular, can be detrimental to beauty and health and need some lipids for beautiful skin and hair. However, if the intake is too high, it will be stored as fat.
炭水化物: It is a compound of carbon（Ca）and hydrogen（H）, and is divided into sugar, which is taken into the body as food and used as an energy source, and dietary fiber, which cannot be digested by digestive enzymes in the body.
βカロテン: C40H56; Converted to vitamin A in the body as needed. Carotenoids that are abundant in green and yellow vegetables. It is important for maintaining the health of skin and mucous membranes and for photostimulatory response, and promotes cell proliferation.
ビタミンB1; Decarbonization in the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction: Coenzyme; Form of thiamine pyrophosphate.
B2; The form of flavin adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor for the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and succinate dehydrogenase.
B6: Pyridoxine（C8H11NO3）, Pyridoxal（C8H9NO3）, Pyridoxiamine（C8H12N2O2）; Coenzyme for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: It acts as a coenzyme（Pyridoxal phosphate）for metabolism of bioactive amines, which is a neurotransmitter, and as a hormone regulator: Helps keep nerves and skin healthy, fight infections, keep blood sugar levels normal, produce red blood cells, and some enzymes work properly.
パントテン酸（Cofactor fused with active carboxylic acid residues such as Acyl coa and succinyl-coa: Coenzyme A（Cysteamine）: C21H36P3N7O16S）
ナイアシン（The form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a coenzyme of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketotoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase.）
ビオチン（5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid: C10H16N2O3S）: ビタミンH; It is a colorless acicular crystal that is stable to neutral, acidic, alkaline, oxygen, and light, but weak to heat.It is released from proteins in food by biotinidase（dominant gene）secreted by the pancreas. It translocates into the blood and binds to biotinidase, a transport protein synthesized in the liver.
葉酸; ビタミンM(2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid: C19H19N7O6; Pteridine（C6H4N4）with para-aminobenzoic acid; PABA（C7H7NO2）and another or more glutamic acids.Most exist in the “Polyglutamic acid type” (A combination of multiple glutamic acids). I heard that it is absorbed from the epithelial cells of the small intestine after being converted to the “Monoglutamic acid type” (A form in which one glutamic acid is bound) by digestive enzymes in the digestive tract. It is soluble in acids and alkalis, but hardly soluble in pure water or ethanol, and tends to be insoluble in acetone（C3H6O）, diethyl ether（(C2H5)2O）, chloroform（CHCl3）, and benzene（C6H6）. In the polyglutamic acid type folate, sugar and protein are released and released in the cooking and processing of foods and in the gastric acid environment.It is decomposed into monoglutamic acid-type folic acid by an enzyme in the small intestinal mucosa and then absorbed into the cells of the small intestine. I heard that it is converted to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid by the enzyme（small intestinal epithelial cell）. It is transported to the liver via the portal vein, and 50% of the whole body seems to accumulate. It is converted again and transferred to bile, which is reabsorbed from the digestive tract and supplied to tissues for transfer. It is required to return homocysteine, a risk factor for arteriosclerosis, to methionine.etc.
ビタミンC: C6H8O6; Discovered as a Skorbut preventive factor by Royal Navy doctor James Lind in 1753. It removes rust from water-soluble parts of the body, such as blood and the crystalline lens of the eye, and also restores tired vitamin E. It is absorbed mainly from the small intestine as it is without being digested by the stomach. It is then carried in the blood, stored and dispersed throughout the body.It is characterized by its “antioxidant effect”, which inhales, captures a small amount of active oxygen obtained, and detoxifies it. Excessive growth damages DNA or Protein and reduces cell function.
ビタミンE: C29H50O2; It is divided into a total of eight compounds, four tocopherols（In nature, α, β, γ, δ.）and four tocotrienols. It is absorbed into the body from the intestinal tract via the lymphatic vessels together with lipids, and has a very strong antioxidant effect. Protects unsaturated fatty acids and other fat-soluble components that make up biological membranes from oxidative damage: Included in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes. It suppresses the production of lipid peroxide, keeps blood vessels healthy, and suppresses the oxidation of LDL（Bad cholesterol）cholesterol in the blood. You will not have hypervitaminosis with a normal diet, as you tend not to have cumulative actions in your body.
ビタミンK: 2-Methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione2‐メチルナフタレン-1,4‐ジオン; （GGCX:Gamma-Glutamyl Carboxylase; Activates bone osteocalcin（protein）and arterial matrix Gla（γ‐carboxyglutamic acid: C6H9NO6; Produced by carboxylation of some specific glutamates of blood coagulation proteins）protein. Calcium metabolism in the body（Physiological effects through a series of cells that occur throughout the body）Helps regulate, maintain bone and artery health.
β-cryptoxanthin: Provitamin A: C40H56O: Ester body, carotenoid. It forms mixed micelles with bile acids, fatty acids, cholesterol, etc., and is passively diffused and absorbed by small intestinal epithelial cells. Move to liver with chylomicron（Lipoprotein particles; 乳糜脂粒）. Very low density lipoprotein and “Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol”: To peripheral tissues ≒ Ester body.
Antheraxanthin: C40H56O3: Bright yellow accessory pigment; Xanthophyll cycle; A circuit that changes to a substance with high light collection efficiency when it becomes weak light ≒ photosynthesis
Violaxanthin: (1S,4S,6R)-1-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(1S,4S,6R)-4-Hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-ol; C40H56O4: The gene expression balance is clear, which makes it difficult to accumulate BCR（Caricaxanthin）and facilitates the accumulation of more metabolized VIO（Carotenoid）. It is considered as a precursor of a plant hormone called “abscisic acid（C15H20O4）” that promotes leaf fall.
ゼアキサンチン: C40H56O2（Xanthophyll）: 4-[18-(4-ヒドロキシ-2,6,6-トリメチル-1-シクロヘキセニル)-3,7,12,16-テトラメチル-オクタデカ-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-ノナエニル]-3,5,5-トリメチル-3-シクロヘキセン-1-オール
Dietary fiber: 不溶性; It has water retention and tends to swell greatly in the intestines. Stimulates the intestines and improves bowel movements. Increase the number of chews and strengthen your teeth and jaw. Increase the number of good bacteria in the intestines and condition the abdomen. 水溶性; It is sticky and tends to move slowly in the intestines. Adsorbs lipids in the intestine to suppress the rise in serum cholesterol levels. Slowly and gently absorb sugar.
リグニン: Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6: bacterium: Mineralization; Effective resistance to decay and feeding damage.
Lactucopicrin: C23H22O7; 苦味成分, ラクチュコピクリン（ラクツコピクリン）は, 鎮静（Sedation）効果と鎮痛（Pain relief）効果が, 期待されている. 中枢神経系（central nervous system）に作用し, 睡眠に関わるSerotonin（神経伝達物質）や, Melatonin（C13H16N2O2）と, 同じ働き掛けを多用し, 芯の部分に, 多量に含有する.
リグニン: Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6: bacterium: Mineralization; Effective resistance to decay and feeding damage.
ペクチン: Methyl ester: J.Braconnot, 1825（Rf）: Galacturonic acid: carboxyl group: -C(=O)OH
セルロース:（C6H10O5)n; The main component of plant cell sell stones and plant fibers, and the most abundant carbohydrate on earth.
ヘミセルロース（Amyloid）: Discovered by E. Schulze in 1891. The name of the polysaccharide extracted with alkali after extracting Pectin from cell wall carbohydrates. Xyloglucan（Angiospermae）: With 1,4-β-D-glucan as the main chain, the α-D-xylose residue binds to the O-6 position of the D-glucose residue of 75%. It is distributed throughout the cell wall including the middle lobe, and I hear that it is hydrogen-bonded to cellulose. Tendency to exist as a storage polysaccharide in seeds.
Kaempferol; C15H10O6
ケルセチン: quercetum: C15H10O7; 硫化プロペニル: allyl compound; Studies have shown that high-dose Humans had low blood LDL-Cholesterol. Anaclitic Lipolysis, breaking down triglycerides accumulated in adipocytes into free fatty acid level and glycerol: Under test conditions in the presence of adrenaline, but not alone. I have heard cases where absorption efficiency increases when taken together. In plants, it usually exists in the form of sugar bound (glycoside).
フルクトース: Ketose; CnH2nOn (n ≥ 3)
葉緑素: クロロフィル（Photosensitizing Decomposition of L-Ascorbic Acid by Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll Derivatives）The effects of chlorophyll a, pheophytin and chlorophyll metal derivatives on the photochemical decomposition of L-ascorbic acid (AAH2) and also the photochemical decomposition of chlorophyll-AAH2 system with co-existence of potassium ferri-cyanide, p-quinone and β-carotene as fluorescence quenching agents was studied. 1. The photochemical decomposition of AAH2 was greatly accelerated by the existence of chlorophyll a and pheophytin, and the photodecomposition rate was also promoted with Cu-chlorophyllin-Na and Fe-chlorophyllin-Na, especially, by the former.Cu-chlorophyllin-Na itself oxidized AAH2. 2. The photodecomposition of chlorophyll-AAH2 system was protected with the co-existence of K3 Fe (CN) 6, p-quinone and β-carotene. However, the effect of p-quinone seems to be accelerated the photodecomposition of chlorophyll-AAH2 system in higher concentration. 3. Chloropyll, and pheophytin have comparatively strong fluorescence intensity, whereas Cu-chlorophyllin-Na and Fe-chlorophyllin-Na have week fluorescence intensity. The mutuality relationship was found between the fluorescence intensity of the reaction system and the photochemical decomposition of AAH2. Hiroshima Univ. Department of Education, Journal of Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science 1970）
クロロゲン酸: C16H18O9; Chlorogenic acid is a well-known antioxidative compound. We investigated the content and behavior of chlorogenic acid derivatives with DPPH radical scavenging activity in sweet potato prepared by various cooking methods. A significant correlation was obtained between the chlorogenic acid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. While the content and activity in sweet potato cooked with water were substantially retained, roasting in a convection oven resulted in their lower retention due to the higher temperature of around 200℃. We propose that chlorogenic acid could be effectively taken in sweet potato when cooked in a microwave oven or steamed, and also simmered with the cooking water after boiling.（Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University with Kagawa Nutrition University, Journal of cookery science of Japan 2005）
イソロイシン（C6H13NO2: 2-アミノ-3-メチルペンタン酸）; Hydrophobic amino acid（BCCA）. The role of promoting the uptake of blood glucose into skeletal muscle without an increase in blood sugar concentration. It works to suppress gluconeogenesis（A pathway that slowly reverses glycolysis from lactic acid, pyruvic acid, amino acid, propionic acid, etc. to produce D-glucose.）in the liver and to oxidatively utilize glucose. A zwitterionic compound having a leucine structural isomer and a sec-butyl group (-ch (ch3) ch2ch3) in the side chain.
ロイシン（C6H13NO2: 2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid）; Activator of mTOR: mammallian Target Of Rapamycin（Atypical serine-threonine kinases present in two types of complexes: It senses nutrient sources such as glucose and amino acid, and plays a role of regulators in cell proliferation, metabolism, and survival.）: There are insulin, IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1: insulin-like growth factors 1), Testosterone, Nitric oxide, Muscle Contraction etc. An important factor that promotes protein synthesis（BCCA）.
リシン(リジン:C6H14N2O2: 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid); It is known as a synthetic raw material for carnitine（C7H15NO3: Derivative）required for fat burning.In the human body, we also hear examples of promotion of glucose metabolism and its relationship with calcium absorption. L-Lysine Hydrochloride:Mol fileKCF fileDB search（HCl: hydrochloric acid）.
（含硫）メチオニン（C5H11NO2S: 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid）; It is a sulfur-containing amino acid containing sulfur and is converted into glutathione（C10H17N3O6S）and taurine（C2H7NO3S）in the body. It is also known as a biosynthetic raw material for carnitine involved in fat burning. Tendency to be metabolized in a series of reactions called carbon metabolism. Using methionine and ATP synthase as substrates, S-adenosylmethionine synthase catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine（C15H22N6O5S+）: Protein methylation.
シスチン（ C6H12N2O4S2: 2-amino-3-(2-amino-2-carboxy-ethyl)disulfanyl-propanoic acid）; The role of stabilizing the structure of Proteins. It is one of the sulfur-containing amino acids（The composition of Glutathione-SH（C10H17N3O6S）, which is important for detoxification and antioxidant activity.）containing sulfur and has a unique aroma. It converts methionine to Cystathionine（C7H14N2O4S: A catalyst for β-synthase from Homocysteine（C4H9NO2S: 2-Amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid）and Serine.）in the human body. It is famous as a sulfur-containing amino acid in which two molecules of cysteine are bound.
（芳香族）フェニルアラニン（ C9H11NO2: 2-Amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid）; In the brain, the role of Synthesizing Neurotransmitter Norepinephrine（C8H11NO3: 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,2-diol; Monoamine（A chemical structure in which an amino group is connected to an aromatic ring by two carbon chains.））and Dopamine（C8H11NO2: Monoamine neurotransmitter）. It is also known as a raw material for Tyrosine（C9H11NO3: 4-hydroxyphenylalanine; Protein production synthesis）. Important for accelerating the amyloid assembly process. Adrenaline（Adrenal medulla）: Epinephrine（C9H13NO3）, Produced by neurons and released as adrenal medulla hormones and neurotransmitters.
チロシン（C9H11NO3: 2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid）; Synthesized by hydroxylation of phenylalanine. When the aromatics are further hydroxylated, L-dopa（C9H11NO4: L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine:(S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid. It is converted to L-Dopa by tyrosine hydroxidase and to dopamine（Nerve cells in a specific area of brain, which is the final product.）by decarboxylase. The neurotransmitter catecholamines (noradrenaline: norepinephrine（C8H11NO3）, adrenaline（C9H13NO3）: Mainly adrenal medulla（副腎髄質）cells can be metabolized, etc.) are produced from L-Dopa.）is produced.When oxidized by tyrosinase, the intermediate L-Dopa is immediately oxidized and converted to dopachrome（C9H7NO4）. It is further polymerized by the action of enzymes and converted to melanin.It is a dark brown pigment and is widely distributed in animal tissues such as skin, hair and iris. I hear that it has a role to absorb excess sunlight. A disease in which tyrosinase is congenitally deficient is known as oculocutaneous disease (albino: Mutant individuals who cannot synthesize photosynthetic pigments: 先天性白皮症). etc.
トレオニン(スレオニン: C4H9NO3: 2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid): A zwitterionic compound having an Amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a hydroxyethyl group in the side chain. There are two diastereomers, but only the (2S, 3R) form is called L-threonine（Since it has two optically active centers, four isomers have been identified.）. It has been suggested that it may compete with alanine, Branched Chain Amino Acids, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, tyrosine etc. I hear that it is the newest in history.
トリプトファン（C11H12N2O2: 2-Amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid）: A raw material for Nicotinic acid: C6H5NO2 (Niacin: Vitamin B3) in the human body and Serotonin（It is deeply related to important human functions such as mental (stress) and sleep; Endorphin）, a neurotransmitter involved in sedation and sleep-inducing action in the brain. Operate the sodium and potassium pumps to discharge the sodium incorporated into the conjugate with glutamic acid. When glutamate and lactic acid are taken up by nerve cells, the most important nerve, the glutamate nerve, begins to move. Glial cells（Oligodendrocytes（希突起膠細胞）that make myelin sheaths（髄鞘）to increase nerve conduction velocity, microglia（小膠細胞）that are responsible for central nervous system immunity, etc. Featured “astrocytes”（Glial fibrillary acidic protein Immunohistochemistry）: kallikrein-related peptidase 7:（KLK7）: Serine Protease（Proteolytic enzyme with serine group）: To elucidate the generation mechanism of neuroglioma.）take up glucose and activate glutamatergic nerves.
バリン（C5H11NO2, SMILES: CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N）: Energy is metabolized in muscle tissue and is involved in growth. Branched Chain Amino Acids（BCAA: Similar to leucine and isoleucine）: Expected to adjust the nitrogen balance in blood and improve liver function.
ヒスチジン（C6H9N3O2: 2-Amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid: It is said to have the effect of suppressing oxidative stress (ischaemia reperfusion), and there are cases of action such as increased insulin secretion. When neonatal screening is abnormal and when amino acid acid metabolism disorder is presumed: I heard that an increase in a specific concentration is a powerful clue to the diagnosis. In the nutritional disorder called cardiac cachexia seen in Chronic congestive heart failure, etc., aromatic amino acids increase and branched chain amino acids and histidine decrease. Since it is abundant in “hemoglobin（Proteins present in red blood cells）”, there is a risk of anemia if it is insufficient. In some cases, it was suggested that the anti-obesity effect was attenuated by “proline（Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid）”.
アルギニン（C6H14N4O2: (S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid）; Expected to help the body produce energy, increase growth hormone secretion, build muscle, and improve male function. Promotes fat metabolism to strengthen muscle tissue and promote height growth. TCA cycle: Adenosine Triphosphate（C10H16N5O13P3）, It enhances the function of the urea cycle in the liver and promotes the recovery of brain fatigue quickly. Ammonia（NH3）inhibits its function, but ingestion promotes detoxification. Expected to be effective as part of the Natural Moisturizing Factor（NMF）of the stratum corneum.
アラニン（C3H7NO2: 2-Aminopropanoic acid）; It is a synthetic raw material for sugar and has the energy generation function of the living body. The action of secreting the hormone Glucagon（Peptide hormone: 29 amino acid; In the Liver, it activates protein kinase a through binding to specific receptors and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP: cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Protein kinase A); Protein kinase（Phosphorylating enzyme）) production., which is secreted when blood sugar concentration is low and promotes the breakdown of glycogen（C6H10O5)n: Discovered as a liver component by Mr. Claude Bernard in Burgundy, France in 1856.
アスパラギン酸（C4H7NO4: Aminosuccinic acid, asparagic acid; The role of increasing the absorption of K and Mg and decomposing and promoting lactic acid. Located closest to the TCA cycle of the body, which is the place of energy production.）It is located closest to the TCA cycle（Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle: Citric Acid Cycle）of the body, which is the place of energy production. In 1937, German’s chemist and doctor Hans Adolf Krebs finds the circuit. England:Received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953. Discovery of the Ornithine cycle of Urea synthesis: A cycle that draws out internal combustion. Decomposes fat and lactic acid and converts them into energy（Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle）.
グルタミン酸（C5H9NO4: 2-Aminopentanedioic acid: In animals, it can be synthesized from non-essential amino acids, that is, other organic compounds. Discovered by Mr. Karl Heinrich Leopold Ritthausen in 1866 in the acid hydrolyzate of gluten, a wheat protein. It is famous as a raw material for glutathione and GABA (4-aminobutanoic acid). It can be biosynthesized from “2-Oxopentanedioic acid” and “ammonia（NH3）”. It conveys information to nerves by binding to and activating N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) -type receptors. D-serine（It has the enzyme serine racemase (SRR) synthesized by Glial cells（It acts to give an energy source to nerve cells in the brain and builds an energy environment: A cell that fills parts of the brain other than nerve cells and supports the functions of nerve cells from various aspects.）located in a specific region of the hippocampus.）regulates stimulus volume. It is believed that the Synapse connection will be strengthened, giving memory and learning. There seems to be a hypothesis that the diseases alzheimer dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are caused by too much stimulation of the “NMDA receptor”.）
グリシン（Glycocholic: C2H5NO2; Aminoethanoic acid）; In the Nerve system, it also functions as an amino acid (Collagen: Protein, Elastin（Elastic fiber）, Keratin（△Cystine）, Sericin（C30H40N10O16）.), which is mainly responsible for inhibitory synaptic transmission between the brain stem and spinal cord. The feature is that there are no stereoisomers（The opposite sex with different three-dimensional directions of atoms in space.）such as D-form and L-form. Not only does it improve the shelf life of food, but it also has a sweet taste and is used as a seasoning. Porphyrins（Porphyra; Hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier in human blood (Erythrocyte) is prominent.） related to the function of carrying oxygen in the blood and creatine（C4H9N3O2; A small amount in the brain.）essential for muscle exercise.
プロリン（C5H9NO2, SMILES: OC(=O)C1CCCN1）: The main composition of collagen（Protein; A polymer compound formed by linking (polymerizing) a large number of 21 types of amino acids in a chain: Hydroxyproline（C5H9NO3））, which is abundant in gelatin and animal skins.
セリン（C3H7NO3: 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid）; A raw material for Phosphatidylserine（C13H24NO10P, Phospholipid- Signal transduction）, a component of cell membranes. It is one of the important moisturizing ingredients to maintain the moisture content of the skin, and can be a raw material for “glycine” that is close to the same ingredient. It is the Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF: Small molecules such as Amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acids (and their salts), urea, mineral salts, organic acids (and their salts).) of the skin and is the most abundant in amino acid.
カリウム: K; It interacts with “sodium”, which is abundant in extracellular fluid. It works to maintain the osmotic pressure of cells and retain water. After ingestion and absorption in the small intestine, it is transported to tissues throughout the body, most of which is excreted by the kidneys. It is maintained by regulation of reabsorption in the kidney, and the k concentration in blood is maintained between 3.6 and 4.8 meq / l. Together with sodium, it maintains cell osmotic pressure. It works to suppress nerve stimulus transmission, functional regulation of heart and muscle, and intracellular enzyme reaction（I have to add proton transfer equilibrium）. I heard that about 200g is contained in the body of an adult, Potassium.
カルシウム: Ca; In the body, the amount in cells and blood is strictly controlled. Tendency to move from bone to blood as needed. About 99% is stored in bone, but also in the blood of cells and muscles. If you don’t get the calcium you need, you risk mobilizing large amounts of calcium in your bones and weakening your bones. To maintain normal blood calcium levels, it is necessary to take at least 1000-1500 mg daily. Parathyroid hormone（PTH）and Thyrocalcitonin（Made by the cells of the thyroid gland, hormones have the function of lowering the calcium concentration in the blood by delaying the breakdown of bones.）; It is made up of four parathyroid glands behind the thyroid gland in the neck. As the calcium concentration in In blood rises, the amount of hormones produced by the parathyroid glands tends to decrease. It stimulates bones to release calcium into the blood and reduces the amount of calcium excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Increases calcium absorption by stimulating alimentary canal to increase calcium absorption by promoting the activation of vitamin D in the kidneys.
マグネシウム: Mg; Vinegar has been known to solubilize insoluble calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in food, however, the difference in solubilization ability among various kinds of vinegar has not been investigated. In this study, solubilization of Ca and Mg from coral powder and beef bone powder was compared with several kinds of vinegar. Calcium solubilization was observed to be high in grain vinegar, cider vinegar and wine vinegar, and low in rice vinegar and un-polished rice vinegar. On the other hand, magnesium solubilization was high in rice vinegar, wine vinegar and cider vinegar, and low in grain vinegar and un-polished rice vinegar. Calcium solubilization of coral powder was significantly negatively correlated with the pH of vinegar, while Mg solubilization was not. Comparison of solubilization of Ca in un-polished rice vinegar and acetic acid solution suggested that the phosphorus content was also responsible for solubilization in un-polished vinegar. These results suggest that ingredients in vinegar, as well as acidity and pH, affect solubilization of Ca and Mg from food when cooked with vinegar. Characterization of Solubilization of Insoluble Calcium and Magnesium with Various Kinds of Vinegar,Nakano Central Research Institute, Nakano Vinegar Co., Ltd. and Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University with Nippon shokuhin kagaku kogaku kaishi = Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology 45(11), 655-662, 1998-11-15）
リン: P;（Leakage in urine causes symptoms such as hypoproteinemia, decreased renal function, and hyperphosphatemia.）The amount of phosphorus per 1 g of protein contains about 15 mg, and the intake correlates with the protein intake. The role of combining and strengthening bones and teeth. Higher blood phosphate levels tend to make bones brittle. Calcium tends to combine and become coal in other than bones such as blood vessels and tendons.
鉄: Fe; It is attracting attention as one of the world’s three major deficient micronutrients along with vitamin A and Iodine（I2; In 1811, Discovered by burning seaweed with potassium carbonate, which is the raw material for potassium nitrate by Bernard Courtois（仏）.）Non‐heme iron（Fe）（Included in vegetables, eggs and milk.）; By taking it with foods rich in high-quality protein and vitamin C, the absorption rate into the body is improved. Fe shortage of women due to blood loss, a big problem for expectant mother and lactating women whose demand increases. Due to the metabolism of the body, about 1 mg of iron（Fe）is lost in adult men and about 0.8 mg in women per day. Ferritin（A globular protein complex consisting of 24 proteins.）has a role of suppressing deficiency and excess, and is also called stored Fe. About 90% of anemia is iron deficiency, which is deficient in fe, one of the important materials of hemoglobin.
銅: Cu; It has been known for a long time as a trace essential mineral, which is present in the human body at about 80 mg. It binds to proteins and plays a role in catalyzing a wide range of in vivo reactions. Tendency to be mainly present in bone, skeletal muscle and blood. Although it is involved in hematopoietic function as well as Fe, no reports have been heard regarding the adverse effects of chronic overdose, except for some diseases. Monovalent compounds exist as insoluble salts and complex salts. Divalent salts and complex salts are common. It is absorbed from the small and duodenum and transported to the liver through the portal vein. I hear that the lower the intake, the higher the absorption rate, and the higher the intake, the lower the absorption rate. Large amounts of divalent iron and tin ions competitively inhibit the absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract. Inborn errors of copper metabolism（Wilson’s disease）: Protein binding: Hepatolenticular degeneration. It acts as a Cu enzyme and acts as a catalyst for various reactions such as O2 transport, electron transfer, redox, and O2 addition. Important for Fe metabolism and transport, removal of active oxygen, and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Deficiencies can result from hereditary malabsorption or are acquired, but are not found in the normal life of healthy people. On the other hand, cases of symptoms are given to Babies whose main source of nutrition is low-content milk. Insufficiency may cause anemia, leukopenia, and bone abnormalities that do not respond to Fe administration. In addition, there are decreased immune function, cardiovascular abnormalities, and abnormal cholesterol and glucose metabolism. However, this is less frequent.
亜鉛: Zn; Zinc‐deficiency symptom: A state in which the zinc concentration in the blood is below 80 μg / dL to 130 μg / dL. Dermatitis, stomatitis, alopecia, pressure ulcer due to lack. Loss of appetite, developmental disorders, hypogonadism, susceptibility, dysgeusia, anemia, infertility, etc.Various symptoms occur and tend to improve with zinc supplementation.
マンガン: Mn; Functions as an enzyme activation and a component of metal enzymes. It is a silver-white metal with an atomic number of 25 and an atomic weight of 54.94, and its surface is oxidized in the air. I hear that 12（For a weight of 70 kg）to 20 milligramme is present in the body of an adult. It acts directly with many elements, gradually reacts with water, and is easily dissolved in acids. Absorbed by inhalation, oral or transdermal: Ingested from the diet, it dissolves as divalent by gastric acid and becomes trivalent by the oxidative mechanism of intestinal cells. It is absorbed, transported to the liver through vena portalis, secreted from the bile into the intestinal tract, and mostly excreted as feces. Since absorption competes with Fe, manganese tends to be less likely to be absorbed if the iron content in the diet is high. It is abundant in mitochondria, and is contained in high concentrations in pigmented areas in the body such as the retina, hair, and skin pigmented areas. It suggests specific and non-specific effects on many enzyme activities such as oxidoreductase, hydrolase, dehydrogenase, and transferase. It is also a component of arginine-degrading enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Examples include connective tissue and bone formation, inner ear growth formation, glucose tolerance, fertility, lipid metabolism, growth and involvement in brain function.
モリブデン: Mo; In the human body, it acts as a component of the molybdenum enzyme that catalyzes the redox reaction. I’ve heard that hypervitaminosis is not a problem because it is relatively less toxic than other heavy metals. It dissolves in hot concentrated sulfur acid, but does not react with H2O, hydrochloric acid（HCl）,and dilute sulfuric acid（H2SO4）and does not dissolve. It is abundant in the liver and kidneys in the body and tends to be easily absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. Xanthine oxidase（NAD+-xanthine dehydrogenase）, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase are known as constituents. Insufficiency often causes tachycardia, hyperventilation, night blindness, etc. due to long-term complete parenteral nutrition. However, I heard that the administration is expected to improve the symptoms. In healthy people, hypervitaminosis is not a problem in a normal diet because it is excreted quickly even if it is ingested excessively. Chronic poisoning can cause gout-like symptoms such as joint pain and hyperuricemia. Acute poisoning can cause gastrointestinal disorders with diarrhea, leading to coma and heart failure. It is abundant in cereals, legumes and nuts.
ヨウ素: I; It is taken into the thyroid gland and synthesizes thyroid hormone. It is indispensable because it promotes metabolism and, in the case of children, promotes growth together with growth hormone. Seaweed is especially contained, and kelp is by far the best, followed by hijiki seaweed. I heard that it is the main component of Lugol’s（Created in 1829 by French doctor J.G.A. Lugol.）iodine used for disinfection such as treatment of inflammation and teeth. The most in demand is the raw material for X-ray contrast and opaque media, which is used for the diagnosis of blood vessels and various organs. Used as a stabilizer to prevent chemical deterioration of polyamide（polymer）. Iodine deficiency is prevented by making it easier to take iodine on a daily basis by using salt with elementary compounds added to the soil.
【効果効能】
抗癌作用: Anti-cancer effect
抗酸化作用: Antioxidant effect
抗菌作用: Antibacterial effect
抗腫瘍性: Anticancerous
肩こり: Stiff shoulder
腰痛: Lumbago
髪の毛健康: Hair health
風邪予防: Prevention of cold
美肌・美容: Beautiful skin and beauty
老化防止: Prevention from getting older
ダイエット: Diet
むくみ解消: Edema
利尿効果: Diuretic effect
利尿緩下: Diuretic relaxation
女性ホルモン: Female hormones
細胞増殖分化: Cell proliferation and differentiation
妊婦: Expectant mother
貧血: Anemia
疲労回復: Recovery from fatigue
視力維持: Maintaining eyesight
消化促進: Digestion promotion
殺菌効果: Bactericidal effect
骨粗しょう症: Osteoporosis
新陳代謝: Metabolism
ストレス解消: Stress relief
活性酸素抑制: Reactive oxygen species suppression
喉・呼吸器安定: Throat, respiratory stability
皮膚粘膜強化: Skin and mucous membrane strengthening
高血圧: Elevated blood pressure
肥満: Corpulence
生活習慣病: Life style related disease
血中コレステロール緩和: Blood cholesterol relief
コレステロール: Triglycerides
二日酔い: Overnight drunkenness
心筋梗塞: Heart infarction
脳梗塞: Brain infarction
血栓予防: Thromboprophylaxis
食欲不振: Anorexia
精神安定: Tranquilize
胃潰瘍: Gastric ulcer
胃腸障害: Gastrointestinal injury
Kurume City, which boasts the highest agricultural output in the prefecture, is promoting a branding business with the aim of increasing the name recognition and consumption of excellent agricultural products, which are the city’s main agricultural products. Salad vegetables are a type of head lettuce of the genus Lactuca indica of the Asteraceae family. They are rich in vitamin C and iron, and are characterized by less bitterness. They are suitable for soups and fried foods as well as raw foods. Going back to the past, the prefecture’s shipment of salad vegetables was the highest in Japan for the second consecutive year in 2015 and 2016. According to the prefecture, the shipment of salad vegetables in the city in 2015 will be 1081 tons, which accounts for more than 80% of the whole prefecture. The sales amount was about 600 million yen, which was the largest production area in the prefecture, and the commercial value was highly evaluated. In February 2017, the JA Kurume Salad Vegetable Subcommittee certified the international food safety standard for agricultural products, “Global GAP (a standard that can internationally prove that it is a good company practicing sustainable production activities)”. Has led to the expansion of sales channels.
In Japan, four types of lettuce are mainly cultivated: head lettuce, non-heading leaf lettuce, semi-heading standing lettuce, and non-heading stem lettuce. There are also crispy head types and soft butter head types that have different textures. It is said that the origin of lettuce cultivation is ancient Egypt about 2500 years ago. After that, lettuce cultivated in various parts of Europe was bred repeatedly, and in the 16th century, it seems that various lettuce such as head lettuce, leaf lettuce, cos lettuce, and stem lettuce were cultivated mainly on the Mediterranean coast.
Environmentally friendly farmer (as recognized by law) certification (Eco-farmer is a plan to introduce a highly sustainable agricultural production method, soil preparation, and a production method that integrates reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and prefectural governments. A farmer certified by the governor), JA Kurume Salad Vegetables Subcommittee, Kirari Kurume. About 5 years ago, the Kurume salad lettuce department had 13 members, cultivated in 2017 with 11.2 hectares, annual shipment of 1160 tons, and sold to 33 fruit and vegetable market wholesalers and 16 other companies. It was. The area of salad lettuce planted in Fukuoka Prefecture is the second largest in Japan, but when limited to soil cultivation, it is the first in Japan. The average age of 13 people is 50 years old, and it seems that there are many young producers as a production group. Cultivation began in the jurisdiction area around 1981, a subcommittee was formed in 1993, and if it was not a corona disaster, a study session was held on the afternoon of the third Friday of every month, and it seems that they have been studying repeatedly.
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