【Product name】
Setoka
【Type】
Citrus L.
【Wholesale area】
Hada, Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture (Kagami Fruit Agricultural Cooperative Association)
【Origin of name】
The variety names are Hayasaki Seto（Known as the strait between the Shimabara Peninsula and the Amakusa Islands）, “Setouchi region”, and “fragrance”. Old: Named registered varieties: Registration number: Tangor Norin No. 8 Registration date: August 21, 1998（Kuchinotsu No. 19）
【Major features】
In early March 2022, a child in Karatsu picked up a ginkgo that had fallen from a maiden hair tree in an elementary school and donated a portion of the money he earned to support Ukraine in Eastern Europe. Ukrainian people are having a lot of trouble from the children, so please use it. It is said that it was the children of Ikisa (Ochi Town) Elementary School who donated 20,000 yen to the Karatsu City Council of Social Welfare. Every year at the elementary school, as part of the comprehensive study, all the school children and staff collect the ginkgo nuts that have fallen from the maiden hair tree, which is said to be over 170 years old, and sell them to local facilities. The yield is about 100 kg and the sales are 90,000 yen, which is the highest ever, and it seems that they have decided to donate a part of 20,000 yen for the Ukrainians. Water and food will eventually run out, so it seems that donations will be sent to the Ukrainian Humanitarian Crisis Relief Fund of the Japanese Red Cross Society through the Karatsu City Council of Social Welfare to use it as money to buy water and food. Intensifying fighting across Ukraine has left many citizens in tension and anxiety. Citizens’ casualties, including children, have already been reported, and the infrastructure essential to civilian life has been severely damaged. Also, fearing the damage of the conflict, many people seem to have evacuated to Poland, Romania, Slovakia, etc. In response to this situation, the Japanese Red Cross is the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the humanitarian crisis response in Ukraine carried out by the Red Cross of each country, and neighboring countries and other countries that accept refugees from Ukraine. We are looking for overseas relief funds to support the relief activities in Ukraine. The domestic grapefruit “Sagan Ruby”, which is rare in Japan, is harvested every year in Karatsu City. “Sagan Ruby” is a grapefruit that was researched and developed by the Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University about 33 years ago, and was registered as the first variety in Japan in 2013, about 9 years ago. At the house of about 5 ares in the Hada district of Karatsu city, it seems that the Kagami Fruit Agricultural Cooperative in the district has been cultivating for about 18 years. According to the Kyoka Fruit Agricultural Cooperative Association, there are currently two cultivated “Sagan Ruby” in Karatsu City and one in Kashima City. The number of producers is steadily increasing, and the cultivation area will continue to expand. A citrus variety developed by the Faculty of Agriculture under the university brand of Saga University (Saga City, Saga Prefecture). It is a citrus fruit similar to grapefruit, and it is cold-resistant and easy to grow in Japan. It seems that efforts are being made with the cooperation of the Saga Agricultural Cooperative Association (Saga City) and local farmers. “Sagan Ruby” was registered as a trademark in April 2008 (No. 5131519). The right holder is Saga University, a national university corporation. Kuchinotsu, Minamishimabara City, Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Citrus Club (Kuchinotsu, Minamishimabara): It takes about 15 years to develop and nurture. Friends of Nagasaki Koi（Yearning）Mikan（Mandarin）; “Setoka” : It is famous as a tangor that was bred by crossing “Murcott” with kiyomi with Angkor No. 2 of the breeding system. A small-nucleus variety with large fruits, soft and juicy, aroma, high sugar content and good taste. Middle-aged Citrus L. matures from January to February. The fruit surface is smooth, the fruit shape is oblate with a high waist, and the skin is orange to dark orange. Thin, easy to peel, with a medium aroma similar to Angkor or Murcott. The flesh is dark orange, the sac is thin, the flesh is soft and juicy, and the number of seeds tends to be small, about 0-5. And it seems that parthenocarpy（Ovary wall and flower bed enlarge and form fruit without fertilization）is strong. The fruiting is good and it is easy to get results every year. Strong tendency to streptomyces spp., Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. It is Susceptibility against citrus tristeza virus (ctv), and the incidence of stem pitting（Easily propagated by Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy, and also propagated by cotton aphids at a low rate）is high. Since one ball is heavy, it is necessary to manually support it so that the branches do not break due to its own weight as it grows. Application No. 10852 Date of application 1998/04/09 Date of publication of application 1999/03/18. Registration number 9398 Registration date 2001/10/18. Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act, Act No. 83 of May 29, 1998 : 25 years of breeder’s rights ; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, NARO.Unique sweetness, chewy texture, and wonderful fragrance. Citrus “Three great elements.” The history of Nagasaki mandarin is that in 1780, the Omura feudal lord, “Sumiyasu OHMURA”, the Satsuma feudal “Nagashima mandarin” (Izumi District (former: Azuma Town) Nagashima-cho, Wenshu mandarin), and Ikiriki Village, Nishisonogi District (currently Isahaya). It is said that the cultivation was started by Mr. Yuiemon Tanaka, Mr. Rinemon Tanaka, and Mr. Tsuguemon Nakamichi of the city, formerly Tarami Town, Nishisonogi District. （Citrus Unshiu has heard that the seeds brought back from China by the envoy to Tang China began to bear fruit and were found in Kagoshima. High-quality “Satsuma mandarin” was cultivated from the Ikiriki region, and saplings began to be shipped nationwide, and it is called “Ikiriki-based Satsuma”. In 1876, it seems that oranges were sold by hand in the castle town. In addition, from around 1887, the production area of mandarin oranges was expanded in Ikiriki Village, and even today, the area is the main production area in Nagasaki Prefecture. From 1961, “Act on Special Measures for Promotion of Fruit Tree Agriculture (Government Ordinance No. 145)”, the Nagasaki Prefecture Citrus Promotion Plan was formulated, and the citrus cultivation area increased rapidly throughout the prefecture. Demand for fruit trees in Japan is generally declining and stagnant, and there is a growing tendency for small quantities to be sold as other items and for good quality. Many fruits, including mandarin oranges, are in overproduction. There are increasing demands from other countries to expand imports of fruits and fruit products. In order to achieve sound development, it is necessary to deal with the overproduction trend of fruits. Induce production that responds to trends. Fostering independent fruit tree farmers who can be the core players in the production area. And it is necessary to further strengthen the constitution of fruit tree agriculture. The system for promoting fruit tree agriculture was strengthened（Partial amendment of Law No. 15, July 1, 1985）. From NARO, the fruit of Setoka is a large fruit of 200 to 280 g, the fruit surface is smooth, and the fruit shape is oblate with a high waist. The pericarp is orange to dark orange, thin and easy to peel. It has a medium aroma similar to that of Angkor or Murcott, and has a good taste with a ripening period of February and a sugar content of 12 to 13%. The flesh is dark orange, the sac is thin, the flesh is soft and juicy, and the number of seeds is small at about 0-5. It is also characterized by its strong parthenocarpy. The tree is medium to slightly weak, and the tree is medium to open. The fruiting is good and the results are planned every year. It is strong against Elsinoë fawcettii（Wart-shaped or scab-shaped lesions on leaves, fruits, and branches. Citrus unshiu is weak and rarely occurs in midnight citrus, but lemon is weak. Wart-type lesions occur by the middle stage of spring leaf elongation, and lesions occur even after the end of elongation. Wart-type lesions form up to 1 cm in diameter in fruits, and lesions form above that.）, Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri（Occurs on leaves, green branches and fruits. The lesions on the spring leaves are initially round, pale yellow, and water-soaked spots, which later expand to cork in the central part and become rough, and the circumference 0.5 mm width is water-soaked and further around. Produces a fairly wide yellow halo. The lesions on the back of the leaves are also corked and rough, but it seems to be a light brown raised scab. In summer and autumn leaves, citrus leaf miner often invades through wounds such as feeding damage and wind sway, so it seems that lesions generally tend to form along the wound. The petioles are also easily affected and the leaves fall violently. On the fruits and green branches, water-soaked dark green lesions are formed at first, and then they become cork and become light brown raised scabs. Overwintering lesions on leaves and branches are the primary source of transmission, but lesions on treetops in summer and autumn are especially important. In addition, in Spring cankers infected at relatively low temperatures in autumn, the amount of pathogenic bacteria released is even higher than in the lesions of summer-autumn treetops, making it more important as a source of transmission. The leaves are infected with stomata from the new leaf development stage to the growth arrest stage, and then when the tissue hardens, it is infected from the wound caused by the wind and the feeding damage scars of Phyllocnistis citrella. The main infection period for spring leaves is from early May to mid-June. Following the infection of spring leaves, it seems that the infection is repeated to spring branches and summer and autumn treetops. Infection of fruits is from immediately after flower fall to late September, mainly by secondary infection from leaves. Winds and rains accompanied by strong winds with wind speeds of 6 to 8 m or more, especially typhoons in summer, are the most important factors that promote the onset of disease. There is a difference in resistance depending on the type of citrus, and I heard that Satsuma mandarin is moderate.）, is susceptible to citrus tristeza virus (CTV), and seems to have a high incidence of stem pitting. As an aside, the mid-late citrus “Setoka” seems to produce a certain amount of softened fruits with low sugar and high acidity, mainly in greenhouse cultivation. Greenhouse-grown “Setoka” is often sold as a high-class fruit in units of one, and it seems that such low-quality fruits may rarely be subject to complaints from consumers. The quality of softened fruits during the harvest period is slightly smaller than that of normal fruits, the skin color is yellow, and the skin is thin. It seems that the fruit surface is smooth and the fruit is soft. Brix in fruit juice is about 30% lower than normal fruit, and acid seems to be about 40% higher. Fruits two months before harvest, which is the coloring period, tend to be late in coloring. Regarding the details of the components in fruit juice, fructose, glucose, and sucrose that make up sugar are all low, and sucrose, which is the main sugar, is about 70% lower. In addition, the content of almost all amino acids composed is low, and the total amount of all amino acids seems to be about 30% lower. The incidence rate by fruit set site is particularly high in the inside, and it seems that it is estimated to be about 12%. The incidence of other parts is 1 to 4%, and it seems to be about 3% on average. In the fruit of softening disease, the photosynthetic product made from the leaves did not transfer from the fruit stalk (fruit axis) to the fruit by the experiment using the stable isotope of carbon, and the phloem (fruit axis) by microscopic observation. It has been confirmed that callose (β-1,3-glucan), which is a kind of polysaccharide, is accumulated in the phloem in the fruit stalk). It seems that callose blocks the phloem and inhibits the translocation of photosynthetic products to the fruit, leading to quality deterioration. It seems that the methods to prevent the shipment of softened fruits are to remove the inner fruits as much as possible at the time of fruit picking and to pick small fruits that are late in coloring during the coloring period about 2 months before harvesting. In addition, it seems that fruits that are slightly softened by small balls that are yellowish compared to fruits with a normal appearance are excluded at the time of harvesting or home sorting. If a joint fruit sorting plant with an optical sensor is available, it seems effective to eliminate fruits with low sugar content. Consumers should choose a uniform color, a smooth surface, a glossy surface, and a bluish tint on the calyx. Also, the ones that feel heavy when you hold them are delicious with a lot of juice. The shape may be more delicious if it is flat than if it is tall. “Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture” : It is located in the northwestern part of the prefecture. The city area covers about 36 km east-west and about 30 km north-south, with a total area of about 487.60 km2. It occupies about 20% of the whole prefecture. The eastern part of the city is Itoshima City and Saga City, Fukuoka Prefecture. The southern part is Taku City, Takeo City, and Imari City. The western part borders Matsuura City, Nagasaki Prefecture, separated by Genkai Town and Imari Bay. The northern part faces the Genkai Sea. In the eastern part, the Sefuri mountain range slopes gently toward Karatsu Bay. The central part has a flat part along the basin of the Matsuura River, and the western part has a hilly Uwaba plateau. Karatsu Bay, which forms the land, has strip-shaped Matsubara and sandy beaches on both wings, and Takashima is located in the center of the bay. etc. Agriculture : Early paddy field remains including continental ground stoneware and carbonized rice were concentrated and discovered in the northern Kyushu region, such as the Itazuke site located at Hakata Ward, Fukuoka City, Nabatake site located at Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, Magarita site located at Fukuoka Prefecture and Notame site located at Fukuoka Prefecture. The essence of art that connects the modern era to the future. Traditional ceramic art of ‘Karatsu ware’ dates all the way back to the Momoyama period. In the beginning of karatsu ware, cloudy straw ashes glaze was used frequently. But after the Meiji Restoration, karatsu ware lost the clan’s patronage, and the number of kilns which canceled production increased, they doubted whether it continued. ‘Ichiraku 2 Hagi 3 Karatsu’ : Designated as a traditional Japanese craft along with the branch Takeo Kokaratsu ware. Tadazane’s younger brother, the Lord of the Mikawa-Yoshida Domain (present-day Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture), and Tadatomo OGASAWARA (whose descendants were lords of Karatsu Domain, Hizen Province [present-day Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture] at the time of the Meiji Restoration) invited Sohen Yamada, one of the ‘Four Heavenly Kings’ (as the closest followers of the founder of the Sansenke（Omote, Ura, Mushakoji（Kankyu hermitage））tea ceremony, SEN no Sotan, were known), to revive the matcha ceremony, though separately from the Ogasawara style. Tadazane（Shimousa Country Koga Castle : Mr. Fuchu Ogasawara）stayed the position as the lord of the Kokura Domain until the end of Edo period and the line of Tadatomo which was relocated to some places, was finally relocated to the Karatsu Domain, Hizen Province (presently Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture) holding 60,000 koku and the line of Nagatsugu was finally relocated to the Anji Domain, Harima Province (presently Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture) holding 10,000 koku as the result of change of rank due to misrule and extinction of the family line. Now, let’s return to the story of mandarin oranges. This is a bud mutation of Wase Miyagawa found by Hisahiko UENO（Ueno-Wase）of Hamatama Town, Higashimatsuura District, (today’s Karatsu City,) Saga Prefecture in 1970, and was registered as a new variety in 1985. Also, It is a bud mutation of Miyakawa-wase found by Mr. Hirofumi Morita（Morita Citrus Unshiu）of Nanayama Village, Higashimatsuura District (today’s Karatsu City,) Saga Prefecture, and was registered as a new variety in 1980. A long-established company that the city is proud of Miyajima Soy Sauce Co., Ltd. (founded a soy sauce brewery in Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture in 1882. About 140 years of continuous production of soy sauce and miso, which can be said to be the origin of Japanese food. It is said that he continues to seek more delicious, rich and reliable taste while responding to the voices of people and the times. Based on traditional fermentation technology, various sauces, powdered soy sauce, liquid soy sauce, brewed meat sauce, etc. It seems that it has expanded the range of food manufacturing technology to noodle soup, dressing, spices, canned foods, retort foods, frozen foods. Creating the future from the origin of deliciousness.) Is a short movie, delicious is connecting omoi. Will be delivered from 12:00 on January 13, 2022 (Thursday). The concept of the image is delicious, but it seems to connect thoughts. An excellent older sister who is loved by everyone. She has mixed feelings about her sister and she hates her sister. The lunch box that her sister cooks with her thoughts gently draws the heart of her sister who has left her. And the taste of her sister’s bond was the taste of her mother, who had long been accustomed to it. Delicious is something that connects people’s feelings. It seems that the “family bond” is expressed through the story of the sisters. With the idea of “connecting people and supporting people’s happiness through food,” this work, delicious, connects people’s thoughts. Was produced.
The new varieties that NARO has developed so far are lined with influential agricultural products such as Setoka ORANGE and Harumi ORANGE, which are still popular today, but behind the history of these varieties being accepted by consumers. , It seems that the steady efforts that have been accumulated over the years are hidden. In a new breeding method that incorporates the latest genomic technology, buds are sprouting from fruit seeds produced by crossing parent varieties, and at that point, DNA sequence data is examined to extract excellent individuals. Even at the stage of sprouting, it seems that predictive models and computer analysis will give some idea of what kind of fruit will be produced. Since it is not necessary to grow the selected individual into a large tree until the fruit arrives, the speed of new variety development will be greatly increased. Recently, it seems that the accuracy of prediction has improved and the range of applications has expanded due to the mathematical and statistical analysis of a large amount of DNA information such as genomic selection and genome-wide association study. It seems that the entire genome of citrus fruits other than Satsuma mandarin has been deciphered.
Since greenhouse cultivation is carried out in the northern part of Saga and open field cultivation is mainly carried out in the southern part, it seems that the climate of Saga, such as average precipitation, is well matched to the cultivation. Also, because it is blessed with abundant land and pure water, it is very sweet and fragrant, so in recent years it has been attracting attention because it has no habit and is delicious. Due to its high popularity, the market value has increased and it remains difficult to obtain.
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