【Product name】
Lemon (Mie Nanki mandarin orange)
【Type】
Citrus limon
【Within the jurisdiction】
Mie Prefecture Ise City, Toba City, Shima City, Owase City, Kumano City, Tamaki Town, Watarai District, Watarai Town, Minamiise Town, Taiki Town, Kitamuro District Kihoku Town, Mihama Town, Kiho Town (JA Ise, JA Zennoh) Mie)
【Origin of name】
The place of origin is said to be eastern Himalayan. Originally, it was “limbu” in Hindu, Chinese, “lemon”, and the transliteration in English was “lemon”. Arabic is “laimun”, “limun”, and Latin is “limo”, French, Spanish, “limon”. Over time, it has not been clarified directly.
【Major features】
In Mihama Town, Minamimuro District, Mie Prefecture, which is known as a town where mandarin oranges can be harvested all year round, the shipment of high-grade citrus “dekopon (Citrus reticulata Siranui)” is at its peak. The parent species is a variety called “Shiranui” made by multiplying Kiyomi and Ponkan, and only those that meet the high criteria of sugar content of 13 degrees or more and acidity of 1 degree or less can be named. It is citrus. From the outside, the calyx part is raised, and about 200 farmers are cultivating dekopon around MIHAMA Town. At the “JA Ise Mie Nanki Unified Fruit Sorting Plant” in the same town, the shipping work of SUMO mandarin has reached its peak, and at the workplace, the sugar content and acidity are checked using an optical sensor, and only agricultural products that meet the standards are selected. It seems that the work of packing the boxes carefully one by one is being carried out. The shipping work is carried out until the beginning of April every year, and it seems that about 250 tons will be shipped to the markets in Mie and Aichi prefectures. The area under the jurisdiction of the “Ise Agricultural Cooperative” is located in the Nansei area of Mie prefecture, and seems to be blessed with a relatively warm climate. In addition to the Hokusei and Chusei regions of Mie prefecture, it is also close to large consumption areas such as Nagoya and Osaka, so as you will see later, in addition to paddy rice and wheat and soybeans as crops, vegetables, fruit trees, and tea It seems that cultivation is flourishing. In May 2011, the “Vegetable Making Study Group” was established within the JA Ise jurisdiction in Mie Prefecture. It seems that there are 15 members who have graduated from the “Vegetable Study School” that JA is conducting for new farmers. At the time of the establishment, the JA staff and the members of the study group were considering new cultivation items, and it seems that a seed company in the prefecture and a wholesaler in Nagoya City proposed to grow Aletta. It seems that he decided to try cultivating Aletta in order to try cultivating new crops. I heard that the planted area was about 50 ares. Aletta will be seeded after the end of July, raised for about 20 days, and then planted in a field with plenty of compost. Then, after the end of December, when the growing top flower buds are about the size of a ping-pong ball, cut the main stem so as to leave side buds and harvest (because the side branches grow one after another even after the top flower buds are harvested. It seems that side branches can be harvested in sequence). After harvesting, weigh the pieces to 150 grams, pack them in bags, and ship them to the collection point. At the time of 2012, it seems that it was shipped to the Nagoya market. It seems that 2011, the first year, was a year of trial and error. Although there are cultivation guidelines, there are some things that cannot be understood only with letters and photographs, so it seems that there were many things to learn while cultivating. For example, if the position to cut off the top flower buds is too high, many side branches will come out, but each one will become thin, and if it is too low, the number of times the side branches will be harvested will decrease. The method of cutting the top flower buds, which greatly affects the harvest of the side branches, seems to be one of the issues to be examined. In addition, it seems that the shipping preparation work, which is the most difficult work for producers, was also an issue. Aletta grows quickly from March to April when the temperature begins to rise, and it seems that harvesting work will be concentrated during this time, and shipping preparation work will be overwhelmed. The harvest time recommended by JA is after 16:00, and the collection will be the next morning, but if the harvest is done in the evening and the preparation work is done, it seems that the work may be overwhelmed until midnight. In order to reduce the work of producers, it seems that they are conducting a trial of bulk shipping that can omit bagging work, but it seems that they were considering changing the harvest time in the future. In addition to this, it seems that various discoveries were made through cultivation. Aletta is a vegetable that is a mixture of broccoli and kale (a vegetable used as a raw material for green juice), and was registered as a variety in March 2011. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration website, the types of agriculture, forestry and fisheries plants, Brassica oleracea L. convar. Botrytis (L.) Alef. Var. Cymosa Duch. X Brassica oleracea L. var. Sabellica L. (Broccoli variant x Kale, Saverica variant) Name of registered variety: Aletta, name of variety at the time of publication of application Application number 21692, date of application 2007/11/16, date of publication of application 2008/03/04, registration number 20556, Date of registration 2011/03/15, Duration of breeder rights 25 years, Date of extinction of breeder rights Name and address of variety registrant, Mr. Atsushi Higashimura (Shimoroku, Sabaura Town, Yatomi City, Aichi) Breeding of registered varieties Name of the person who did it, Mr. Yusuke Higashimura, Outline of the characteristics of the plant of the registered variety: Leaf color is dark green, Yes axis color is medium purple, grass height is medium, stem thickness is thick, stem length is Medium, side branch development is medium, total number of leaves is extremely large, leaf length is slightly long, leaf width is wide, leaf shape is obovate, leaf tip shape is round, leaf curve is flat, leaf edge There are few waviness, few notches on the leaf edge, leaf color is dark green, leaf pigment is light, waxiness is medium, the shape of the flower sphere is round, the unevenness of the flower sphere is medium, the weight of the flower sphere is small, The diameter of the flower bud is extremely small, the height of the flower sphere is medium, the basic color of the flower sphere is green, the division of the flower sphere green is green, the size of the flower bud is medium, the occurrence of leafy is small, and the flower The length of the leprosy stalk is quite short, the thickness of the flower stalk is quite thin, the color of the flower stalk is light green, the greenness of the cross section of the inner stem of the flower stalk is light green, the occurrence of side branch flower stalks is high, and the harvest. The period is extremely late. The application cultivar “Aletta” is distinguished from the control cultivar “Stick Senor” by the fact that the color of the hypocotyl is medium purple and the harvest time is extremely late. Compared to the control variety “Green Voice”, the color of the hypocotyl is medium purple, and the harvest time is extremely late, which makes it distinctive. It is also classified as rapeseed, and although it looks like broccolini stalks, it can eat all the leaves and buds of stalks. Some people may think that it is a bittersweet vegetable that inherits the kale gene, but Aletta is less bitter when eaten raw, and the stems are sweet. In addition, the buds contain about three times as much carotene and vitamin K as broccoli, and have been popular since they were released as vegetables that are good for the body. As of 2018, it is a production center of Matsusaka beef that is widely recognized as a brand beef, and there seems to be a pig farming management that is trying to build a brand as Tamaki pig. In addition, there are dairy associations that have milk plants in the adjacent area, although they are outside the jurisdiction, so it seems that the farming is well-balanced as a whole. In the policy issue of improving the self-sufficiency rate of pure domestic feed, the fact that the cultivating sector and the dairy / livestock sector are in the jurisdiction and adjacent areas seems to be advantageous from the viewpoint of grasping feed demand and reducing distribution costs. As a result of the transfer of rice for feed in JA Ise jurisdiction, it seems that rice was cultivated on 29,000 hectares, which is 65% of the 45,000 hectares. Of these, rice for main food and rice and deceased rice accounted for 26,900 hectares (excluding deep digging of 1,400 hectares), accounting for more than 90%, but the planted area of newly demanded rice, mainly feed rice, was 1800. It seems that it had reached hectares (6.2% of the rice cultivation area). When feed crops and rice WCS (rice fermented roughage) are added to this, it becomes about 2100 hectares, and it seems that about 4.7% of the entire paddy field was used for feed production. It seems that it has occupied more than 6% of the rice cultivation area in just eight years since the subsidy for new demand rice was fully implemented. For rice farming, it seems that the future task was to secure consumers for stable feed rice production, how to increase the ratio in the situation where the demand for main food rice cannot be expected to increase due to the declining population and aging population. Agricultural income per house of paddy field cultivation in Mie Prefecture is significantly lower than the national average, and since paddy field cultivation is carried out by small-scale part-time farmers, the next issue is who will be responsible for future feed rice production. Seems to be mentioned. Regarding the transition of rice collection, it seems that the subsidy for new demand rice began in earnest in 2008, and the production of feed rice has also been carried out within the JA Ise jurisdiction. However, the ratio is small, 2504 bales equivalent to 4.0% of the total collected amount in 2011, and the price of main food rice produced in 2011 and 2012 increased due to the impact of the 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake, so in 2013 There was no production of rice for feed, and it seems that the production in 2014 was very small. However, it seems that it has changed significantly from the 2015 production. The reason for this is not only that the price of rice for main food produced in West Japan, which had been rising due to the earthquake, fell below the pre-earthquake level in 2014, but also that the direct payment subsidy for rice was reduced to 7,500 yen from 2014. It seems. The price of rice for main food was on the rise due to the nationwide conversion to feed rice and the elimination of over-planting of rice for main food. It seems that rice production for feed was selected from the viewpoint of stable rice cultivation management because it can receive 80,000 yen and small rice can be added to the shipment amount. As a result, the ratio of feed rice to the total amount collected was 14.8% (11,309 bales) produced in 2016, 3.7 times the ratio and 4.5 times the quantity produced in 2011. Regarding this change, it seems that there was an effort within the JA Ise jurisdiction. Specifically, it seems that three of the collection facilities that had been dispersed in the jurisdiction were integrated and a new country elevator was installed. As a result, daily collection during the harvest season has become possible, and the burden of storage until collection in rice farming has been greatly reduced. Omitted below. The production of rice for feed within the JA Ise jurisdiction was triggered by the issuance of a direct payment subsidy for the utilization of paddy fields, but JA Ise’s efforts to expand production were triggered by the construction of a new country elevator. However, it seems that rice production for feed is becoming indispensable for stable rice cultivation, as it has reached nearly 15% of JA Ise’s collection volume in just two years after the new country elevator was installed. In addition, the top 10 producers in the jurisdiction account for 78.0% of the collected amount. Since the bearer is also an ambitious producer who is trying to expand the scale, it seems that the efforts at JA Ise are steadily producing results from the intention of the policy. However, since the promotion of full-scale feed rice production has just begun, it seems that it has not expanded to the promotion of farming cooperation centered on feed rice. It seems that some rice farming businesses in the jurisdiction are trying to secure stable demand and save distribution costs through farming cooperation centered on feed rice or rice WCS. Not only Matsusaka beef fattening management but also pig farming management (Tamaki pig) exists in the jurisdiction. Since all of them have been established as brands, it is a big challenge to change the composition design of feed, which is one of the factors that determine the quality. There is no doubt that it will be the key to maintaining and improving the food self-sufficiency rate and food supply capacity in the future. This is because for rice farming, feed rice production that is not affected by fluctuations in the price of main food rice can be procured at a stable price for dairy and livestock farming. There is no doubt that it is expected that the potential can be pursued because it is a regional agriculture with a well-balanced cultivation. In late December 2019, the harvest of Meyer lemons reached its peak in the jurisdiction of JA Ise Mie Nanki district, and the peak of shipment was reached at the JA unified citrus fruit sorting plant in Mihama Town. Growth in 2018 was worried that the rate of excellent products would decline due to abnormal weather such as repeated typhoons and lack of sunshine due to the long rainy season, but it seems that the finish was also good. Meyer lemons handled by JA have been cultivated for about 20 years, and since the cost of animal damage control can be kept low compared to other citrus fruits, the motivation of producers to cultivate them has improved and attracted attention. Meyer lemon has a lot of fruit juice, is rich, and has a mild taste and a refreshing aroma. Taking advantage of these characteristics, the Chu-Hi “Iseji Meyer Lemon Craft Chu-Hi” and “Golden Meyer Lemonade” jointly developed by JA and Takara Sake Brewery have been sold since 2018, which seems to have led to an increase in the production motivation of growers. In recent years, consumers have become more health conscious, and attention has been paid to safe and secure domestic lemons, and demand for processing has also increased. The fruit sorting at the fruit sorting plant will continue until mid-January, and it seems that it is expected to be shipped to markets in the prefecture, Chukyo, Kansai, and Kanto areas, and about 80 tons will be shipped. In 2021 of the previous year, “Nice Stick” using Meyer Lemon from Mie Prefecture is on sale from YAMAZAKI BAKING CO., LTD. (Headquarters location: Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo). “White Nice Stick Lemon Jam & Lemon Cream” is a sandwich of jam and cream made from Meyer lemon juice from Mie prefecture on a moist white dough bread. The refreshing and refreshing taste was a product suitable for summer. It was sold at supermarkets in the Tokai / Hokuriku area (Aichi, Gifu, Mie, Fukui, Ishikawa, Toyama prefectures and Shizuoka, Nagano prefectures) until the end of September. Meyer lemon is said to be a hybrid of orange and lemon, and has a low acidity, a mellow taste and a good aroma. I heard that it is suitable for cooking and processing because the skin is thin and there is a lot of fruit juice. Production in Japan is still low, and the JA Ise Mie Nanki district (Kumano City, Mihama Town, Kihoku Town) is one of the leading production areas in Japan. Now, let’s get into the introduction of this product. In 1940, the deceased Yuji Kikuchi of Hachijojima introduced it from Tinian Island in the Northern Mariana Islands of the Federated States of Micronesia to Hachijojima. After that, seedlings taken from the original forest grown on Hachijojima were brought to Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands in 1973. Returned to Japan from the US occupation after World War II. The distance from the Ogasawara Islands to Tinian is about 1400 km, and Guam is nearby. Kikuchi Lemon (Saipan Lemon) is an evergreen tree of the Rutaceae family. It seems to be a sport of Meyer lemon found in China. It seems that the mother species, Meyer lemon, was born from a natural cross between lemon and sweet orange. Therefore, the impression is that there is little acidity. The altitude of the tree is about 1 to 3 m. Compared to ordinary lemons, the acidity of the flesh is mild and the skin is not very thick, and when matured on the tree, the skin is not very thick and there is no bitterness. Also, because it is sweet, it is said that the peel is used for every meal on Hachijojima. The fruits are somewhat smaller than regular lemons, but rounded. When sweetened, it becomes orange. The impression that Yap Lemon (Kikuchi Lemon, Saipan Lemon) has fewer seeds and lighter skin and flesh than Meyer Lemon. We must not forget how this variety came to this day. Thanks to Frans Nicholass Meijer (1875-1918), a Dutch plant hunter employed by the US Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. It seems that the name is also associated with him. “Mie Nanki Mikan” : Considering the evaluation points when certifying the Ise Agricultural Cooperative (formerly Mie Nanki Agricultural Cooperative at the time of certification) as a certified business operator, Mie Brand certification of “Mikan” by other business operators in the future Pay particular attention to the following points. We are working on the production of high quality mandarin oranges based on unified cultivation standards and selection standards. When accrediting a producer group, etc., it is possible to identify the producer, there is a strong connection to production guidance and quality control to the producer, and the responsibility of the supplier is clear. It is mentioned that efforts are being made in production, distribution, and sales in order to demonstrate its superiority and uniqueness over oranges produced in other prefectures. In addition, with the strong guidance of agricultural cooperatives and the activities of the producers’ subcommittee, each producer will utilize organic fertilizers, reduce herbicides, record cultivation history for each field, and the association will publish the control history on its website. We are working on production that is safe, secure and environmentally friendly. Citrus unshiu: Taking advantage of the characteristics of gravel soil, warm and rainy climate, etc., each fruit produced by multi-cultivation is selected for content quality using a highly accurate non-destructive sugar acidity sensor, and is of a high level. It seems that only those that have cleared the selection criteria of are special products. Furthermore, it seems that it is working to create high-value-added products by differentiating it from other production areas, such as by assessing changes in sugar content and acidity at the national level every year and further tightening the selection criteria. In addition, taking advantage of the characteristics such as the decrease in acidity at an early stage, high-quality Satsuma mandarin is shipped from mid-September earlier than other production areas, and the market evaluation is high, and it seems that it is forming one of the highest prices in Japan. Kara Mandarin, Kara（Dr. H. B. Frost of the University of California, Riverside in the United States bred King Mandarin in 1915 in Wenzhou, Owari, and named and announced it in 1935. It was introduced to Japan by Dr. Chozaburo Tanaka in 1955 as a seed, and then introduced to Japan by Hogi at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ehime Fruit Tree Experiment Station, etc.）: Taking advantage of the warm and rainy climate even in winter, and taking advantage of the characteristic that acid reduction progresses when there is a lot of rain, we have established a cultivation technology for sweet and depleted fruits ahead of other production areas. In addition, in order to cultivate high-quality fruits, we selected gardens based on a suitable site map and triple-packed the fruits, and selected the contents of each fruit using a non-destructive sugar acidity sensor. Shipped as “Nanki oranges (kara)”. Similar to Satsuma mandarin, taking advantage of its characteristics such as the decrease in acidity at an early stage, the color is shipped earlier than other production areas, forming the highest unit price in Japan. We are working on branding the entire “Nanki oranges” and contributing to the promotion of the entire Mie Nanki region as a “production center where oranges can be harvested throughout the year”.
Producers say that after harvesting, they are focusing on controlling pests, such as spraying chemicals on sprouts and leaves in order to leave the mature shoots of the following year. In addition, in order to maintain the vigor of the trees in the summer, thorough management is carried out so that fertilizer does not run out. We also pay attention to the selection work so that the fruits are not damaged. It is said that when you harvest a lemon that looks beautiful, you will naturally smile. The characteristic of Meyer lemon, which is a specialty of this region, is that it is quick to color and has a rich and mild texture.
NANKI, the southernmost point of Mie Prefecture (Kumano City, Mihama Town, Kiho Town (also as a bed town to Shingu City, there are two TV relay stations, Kiho Narukawa TV relay station and Kiho Konouchi TV relay station, including Mie TV broadcasting. , CBC TV, Tokai TV Broadcasting, Nagoya TV Broadcasting, Chukyo TV Broadcasting are used in service)) faces Kumano Nada and is blessed with a warm climate where it rarely snows even in winter. It’s a production area. The bright south-facing slopes and the warm breeze carried by the Kuroshio are comfortable. Nanki mandarin oranges cultivated in such a local climate are deeply colored and have a rich taste with a harmony of sweetness and acidity, and are popular with fans. In addition, due to the climate such as warm and heavy rainfall, it is a region suitable for cultivating mandarin oranges that can be shipped early, and taking advantage of its characteristics such as the decrease in acidity at an early stage, it is shipped earlier than other production areas and is the highest level in Japan. It forms a unit price. Producers’ efforts such as reducing herbicides, utilizing organic fertilizers, and opening the control history to the public on the homepage are the reason why we can add peace of mind to our proud taste.
In 2020, JA will open a free employment agency and conduct cultivation training at its subsidiary Orange Agri Co., Ltd. to solve the labor shortage for harvesting “Mie Nanki oranges” which is becoming more serious due to aging and lack of successors. We are providing support for new farming, but the current situation is that we are not catching up. Participating in Kogakkan University, Kogakkan University, Ise City (April 30, 1882, Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko (NARINORI) issued a letter, and the Ministry of Interior finally approved the installation on May 26, 1883. It was after 1885 that the students were recruited and started full-scale educational activities.) The students said, “It’s hard even for young people, so it’s even harder for aging producers. The power of the students helps. I’m participating because I wish I could be, “he said at the time. Producers who have accepted the activity are in areas where labor shortages are serious, and such efforts are appreciated. I want students to come as part-time jobs. Also, through the experience, he hoped that agriculture would become one of the student’s future options. I hope that the current corona sickness will be improved soon and I will return to my previous life.
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