【Product name】
Niitaka
【Type】
Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta
【Producing area】
Kamagaya City, Chiba Prefecture (Kamagaya City Plum Industry Association, 㐧二⭕道共撰）
【Origin of name】
Derived from Mt. Niitaka of Taiwan, which was the highest mountain in Japan in 1927 before the war. On December 2, 1941, Japan time, the Japanese Navy Combined Fleet Command sent a coded call “Mt. Niitaka Climb Hitofutamaruhachi” to the MTF sailing over the North Pacific Ocean. The code was ordered to attack US warships, facilities, and bases in Hawaii on December 8th, and MTFs, including six aircraft carriers, began preparing for the attack.
【Major features】
Chiba Lotte Marines (Shin-Keisei Electric Railway Co., Ltd., founded on October 23, 1946, head office, Kunugiyama, Kamagaya City, Chiba Prefecture) will be delighted by all Japanese professional baseball fans. 2022 Marines. It seems that this excellent train will start operating from March 28, 2022 to the end of October 2022. It is an unbearable vehicle for Lotte fans, and it should be used once as a prayer for victory. Currently, Kamagaya City has an area of more than 21 km2, but it seems that the original place name “Kamagaya” was a place name that refers to a smaller area. In the records of the Muromachi period, it is said that what was written as “蒲萱” might be “Kamagaya”. Since we do not know which area the original “Kamagaya” refers to, we do not know the exact origin. The etymology is thought to be a kettle-shaped valley sandwiched between plateaus, a valley with a large amount of water springing kama (holes), a valley with a cluster of cattails (kama-gama), a valley with a scooped cliff, etc. Has been done. Since the birth of Kamagaya Village by the merger of the seven villages of Satsuma, Awano, Hatsutomi, Kamagaya, Michinobe, Nakazawa, and Karuizawa Shinden in 1889, and Kushizaki Shinden Hiji, it has not merged with any municipality until now. For this reason, the old village name merged at this time is still used as a large character. Kamagaya is a city with a total area of 21.08 km2 spread over the gentle green land of the Hokuso Plateau in the northwestern part of Chiba Prefecture. The city has a well-developed road network with four railway lines, the Tobu Noda Line (Tobu Urban Park Line), the Shin-Keisei Line, the Hokuso Line, and the Narita Sky Access Line, and is within 25 km of the city center. It has developed as a residential city near the capital. According to the leveling survey conducted in Chiba Prefecture, the altitude of Kamagaya City is about 13 to 28 m, which is higher than the neighboring cities. There is a record that it was not submerged even in the “Holocene glacial retreat” where seawater entered deep into Tokyo Bay about 10,000 to 5,500 years ago, and it has the characteristic that it is hard to be submerged even if the sea level rises due to an earthquake or the like. Enriched child-rearing / education environment: The city is continuing to have zero waiting-list children at the “nursery school” and “after-school children’s club,” and is said to provide detailed support from pregnancy to childbirth and child-rearing. In addition, elementary and junior high schools have a full range of specialized staff and support teachers, all school buildings have been made earthquake-resistant, air conditioners have been installed in all classrooms, and the ICT education environment (tablets) seems to be substantial. “Pear production” has a long history as a production area, and cultivation has been started since the end of the Edo period. As for the sales channels, in addition to shipping to the market from early on, direct sales and courier services are popular, and it is said that the orchards are especially popular as tourist farms from inside and outside the prefecture. Chiba Prefecture’s pears are the number one in Japan in terms of both cultivated area and yield, and city always occupies the top position in the prefecture. In recent years, it seems that it is proceeding with replanting to a new variety “Akizuki Pears”, which is proud of its taste. It was bred by crossing at the Fruit Tree Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and registered as a new variety (No. 19 of Agriculture and Forestry) in 1998. A red pear with a yellow-reddish-brown skin that can be harvested from mid-September to late September by multiplying “Niitaka Pears” and Hosui Pears with Kosui Pears. It is a large fruit of about 500 g, sweet with a sugar content of about 13 to 14 degrees, has a fruity taste with little acidity and a soft meat, and is characterized by a long shelf life of about 2 weeks, and is expected to spread as a new variety. The city has put a logo mark and catchphrase on agricultural products produced in Kamagaya to promote the branding of fresh, safe and secure agricultural products. Kamagaya Agricultural Products Branding Logo Mark / Catchphrase: This logo mark expresses freshness, safety, and security with lively agricultural products with the motif of pears and vegetables that represent Kamagaya City. When permitting the use of logo marks and catchphrases, it is said that they meet strict usage standards for pesticides and fertilizers. There are about 150 pear farmers in Kamagaya city, and there are many farmers who sell directly. It is said that the pears at the direct sales office, which are ready to eat and are lined up immediately, are a bit different from those purchased at supermarkets. Also, I heard that varieties that are not suitable for distribution (those that do not last for a long time and are few in number) can only be found at direct sales offices. “Akemizu Pears（Asian pear selected and bred from hybrids obtained by crossing “42-6” (Kumoi Pears x Kosui Pears) to “Shinsui Pears” at the Kanagawa Prefectural Horticultural Experiment Station in 1970）” is a sweet and delicious red pear that can be taken from late July to late August before lantern festival. Slightly small, slightly sour, and freshly sweet. Kosui Pears Early August to mid-August No sourness, soft, juicy and sweet. It is a perennial favorite as the first pear of the pear season. Eat early as it does not last for about 5 days at room temperature. “Natsuhikari Pears” Harvested at the border between Kosui Pears and Hosui Pears from mid-August to late August. It is fresh and has a high sugar content, and its unique sweetness is popular. “Akiakari Pears” Harvested at the border between Kosui Pears and Hosui Pears in late August. The flesh is a little soft and sweet, the acidity is mild and the juice is plentiful. A delicious pear with a mellow sweetness. Shurei Pears; Harbin pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. hondoensis) is harvested between Kosui Pears and Hosui Pears in late August. It has a strong sweetness and a crisp texture. A variety for enthusiasts with a short season. The taste is so fascinating that some people buy it for this variety. Hosui Pears Late August to mid-September A good balance of sweetness and acidity, with a lot of juice and a rich taste. Ripe Hosui Pear is truly the supreme taste. It lasts about 10 days at room temperature, which is better than Kosui Pears. Kaori Early September to late September As the name suggests, it has a good scent and a strong sweetness. The larger the green pear, the sweeter it tends to be. The flesh is slightly thick, but it is rich in juice and delicious. Since the harvest time is short and it does not last long, it is mainly sold at direct sales offices. “Akizuki Pears” from early September to late September. The flesh is dense, soft and juicy. It has little acidity and strong sweetness. It has a good color and shape, and has a good taste, so it is ideal as a gift. “Akinohohoemi Pears” A new variety born in Kamagaya from early September to late September (registered in 2015). Very sweet, juicy impact with no acidity. From the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries variety registration website, application number 27452, application date 2012/10/05, application publication date 2013/02/01, registration number 24370, registration date 2015/06/19, Breeder’s right duration 30 years, breeder’s right extinction date Name and address of breed registrant, Shigeru Tanaka (Keyakidai, Shiroi City, Chiba Prefecture) Name of the person who raised the registered varieties Shigeru Tanaka, Outline of the characteristics of the plants of the regional registered varieties The tree shape is open, the branch length is medium, the branch thickness is medium, the internode length is medium, and the skin is grainy. Medium size, many short fruit branches, medium flower bud size, flower bud shape oval, leaf blade shape round, leaf blade tip shape sharp, leaf blade base shape Round, leaf blade sawtooth shape is serrated, leaf blade length is short, leaf stalk length is short, petal color is white, petal size is medium, petal shape is round, The number of petal cuts is medium, the shape of the fruit is circular, the depth of the stalk is slightly shallow, the width of the stalk is slightly wide, the depth of the stalk is medium, the width of the stalk is medium, the size of the fruit is large, and the peel. The color is yellow-reddish brown, the size of the fruit points is medium, the coarseness of the fruit points is medium, the rough slip of the fruit surface (limited to varieties without red) is medium, the length of the fruit stalk is slightly short, and the fruit stalk is thick. The leaf is thick, with or without stalk, the shape of the fruit core is heart-shaped, the size of the fruit core is small, the color of the fruit is white, the hardness of the fruit is medium, the coarseness of the fruit is medium, and the sweetness of the fruit is Slightly high, low acidity of fruits, a little more fruit juice, medium size of seeds, oval shape of seeds, medium at the beginning of flowering, medium at maturity, no self-compatibility, presence / absence of fruit cracking Is nothing. Compared to the control cultivar “Hosui Pears”, the application cultivar “Aki no Hohoemi Pears” has extremely strong and weak calyx retention, thicker stalks, and occurrence of pear symptoms. Distinguishing is recognized by the fact that there is no such thing. Compared with the control variety “Akizuki Pears”, it is said that distinction is recognized by the fact that there are more short fruit branches, the width of the leaf blade is medium, and the number of ventricles is medium. Niitaka Pears Mid-September to early October. The flesh is a little coarse, but it has no acidity and an elegant sweetness. If stored well, it will last for a month. “Akimitsuki Pears” Debuted in the 3rd year of Reiwa with a new variety (registered in 2017) developed by Chiba prefecture over 12 years from mid-September to early October. The fruits are larger than Niitaka Pears, the flesh is soft and smooth, and there is plenty of juice. Strong sweetness and low acidity. Can be stored at room temperature for about 1 month. “Kanta Pears” A new variety developed by NARO (registered in 2015) from late September to early October. Harbin pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. hondoensis) with soft flesh and moderate acidity and excellent taste. Emerging early October to late October The flesh is soft and moderately sour. It is very storable and can be enjoyed for the New Year if stored well. Smile From mid-October to mid-November It has high storability and is also available for New Year holidays. The larger the ball, the sweeter it becomes and the less sour it is, so the sweetness stands out. “Oshu Pears” Late October to mid-November There is acidity immediately after harvesting, but it is stored and shipped when the acidity disappears. It is very storable and can be enjoyed during the New Year. It has little acidity and a refreshing sweetness, making it a popular last pear. “Shinsetsu Pears” Late November to mid-December large ball’s winter pear, which was born from the crossing of “Oku Sankichi Pears” and “Imamura Aki Pears” from the beginning of December, is on the market. The flesh is a little rough, but it has a fresh, crispy texture and a light sweetness. Immediately after harvesting, it has a sour taste, but when it is stored and the sour taste disappears, it is sold. It is extremely storable, can be stored at home for a month, and can be eaten deliciously until the spring of the following year. National / prefectural designated cultural properties and nationally registered cultural properties: 国指定記念物（史跡）: 下総小金中野牧跡, 東中沢, 鎌ケ谷市他, （鎌ケ谷市）平成19年2月6日, 県指定記念物（史跡）: 小金中野牧の込跡, 東中沢, 個人, 昭和42年3月7日, 国登録有形文化財（建造物）: 澁谷家住宅主屋ほか3件, 中佐津間, 個人, 令和2年8月17日, 国登録有形文化財（建造物）: 丸屋ほか2件, 鎌ケ谷, 個人, 令和2年8月17日. The remains of Higashibayashi (Hatsutomi 803, etc.), the remains of the old stone tools (Jidai) surveyed during the construction of Hatsutomi’s fifth junior high school, and one of the oldest ruins found in the city. At that time, at the end of the ice age, the average temperature was 5 to 6 degrees lower than it is now, and it seems that grasslands and coniferous forests were spreading around Kamagaya City. The use of earthenware has not begun, and only stone tools are found. In the investigation of Paleolithic ruins, it is often seen that flakes and chips generated during the production of stone tools and stone tools are concentrated and excavated. The landing point where the relics are concentrated is called a “block”. The main “blocks” have been found in 17 places. It is believed that the Paleolithic era was a mobile life centered on hunting, and the dwelling was like a simple tent, and these “blocks” are one of the few clues that can be used to infer the behavior of people at that time. In addition, these “blocks” erupted the Aira caldera near Kagoshima Bay in Kyushu, which is estimated to have erupted between 25,000 and 29,000 years ago.Since it has been confirmed in the stratum below the Aira-Tn volcanic ash, which is the source, it is presumed that this site was formed before that time. Knife-shaped stone tools that are thought to have been used to cut spear tips and objects. National Historic Site-Shimousa Kogane Nakano Maki Site (Shimousa Kogane Nakano Maki Trace (Tokkome)) Higashinakazawa 2-1: For the Edo Shogunate to meet the demand for war horses , The remains of Nakano Maki, one of Koganemaki, which was set up under direct control. Capture is a facility that drives, captures, and sorts wild horses. Of the captured wild horses, three-year-old horses are trained for riding or sold to the labor force of the local residents rice field. The other horses were released into the field again, but for the year-old horses born this year, a branding iron was stamped on their hips to distinguish them from other pastoral horses rice field. The branding iron was decided for each pasture, and Nakano Maki was a staggered seal. Although the sales and payments of Noma were small, the Shogunate’s income was stable. It was the work of Seiko gathered from the surrounding villages to drive the wild horses here in the annual wild horse catching. The appearance of catching wild horses seemed to be heroic, and it was an important annual event that many spectators visited from Edo. The capture of Nakano Maki is the only existing one in Kogane Maki, and one of the three former sections remains as it is. It was designated as a national historic site on February 6, 2007 because it is important to know the production of war horses that supported the military power of the Edo Edo Shogunate. Nakazawa Shell mound 2-10 Higashinakazawa, etc. Kaigarayama Park A horseshoe-shaped shell mound with a diameter of about 130 m on the west plateau. It is the largest shell mound in the city and one of the largest in the prefecture in terms of scale and content. As a result of conducting nearly 30th survey from the latter half of the 1960s, a large number of dwelling traces have been found. In addition to a large amount of earthenware and stone tools as excavated items, special relics such as earthen figures are also found. Many have been excavated. It is believed that clay figurines were used for rituals, and it can be seen that the spiritual life was rich and diverse. Since many animal bones have been found in the shell layer, it can be seen that hunting was actively carried out along with the utilization of marine resources. In stone tools, in addition to the stone tool attached to the tip of the bow and arrow, the stone ax (fu), the stone ax (fu), and the stone (fu) Many stone plates, ground stones, etc. have also been excavated, such as digging up soil, cutting trees (lithic stone ax, ground stone ax), and collecting nuts (stone plate, ground stone). It can be seen that the nuts were peeled and ground with stones). The ruins were formed from the found relics, mainly in the latter half of the Jomon period (about 4,000 to 3,000 years ago), and from the middle to the late period (about 5,000 to 2,300 years ago). It is presumed to reach. It is a clay figurine excavated from the Nakazawa shell mound. The clay figurines are thought to have been used to pray for fertility and recovery from illness, and most of them are excavated in a broken state. The human face pottery on the lower right side is a rare one in which a human face is expressed inside the pottery. City-designated cultural property Kamagaya Great Buddha (Kamagaya Daibutsu) Kamagaya 1-5 (inside the Great Buddha Cemetery): In the 5th year of 1776, Daikokuya (Fukuda) Bunemon of Kamagaya inn was a founder of Edo Kanda for the memorial service of his ancestors. It is a 1.8-m-high statue of Shaka Nyorai. There are about 50 monks in the memorial service for opening the eyes. At the Yao Zen, a high-class restaurant in Edo, prepared dishes for 300 people, and at that time, “Shirogane in the pot, Hiragane, Kogane,” It is said that the singer was sung and stabbed with a plate, and the state of the ancestors of the Kamagaya inn can be seen. It is a cultural property. Designated in March 1972. Niitaka Pear is called “King of Pears” because of its size, shape, and deliciousness. Akio KIKUCHI, a horticultural scholar from Aomori Prefecture and the first professor of the Kyoto University horticultural science department, who was involved in the mating of many pears, was selected and trained at the Tamagawa Orchard of Tokyo Prefectural Horticultural High School. Among the pears produced in Japan, it is the third most produced variety after Hosui and Kosui. It is one of the largest pears and is characterized by its sweetness with little acidity and its mellow aroma. It is also popular as a gift because of its attractive size. It was said that it was born in the Taisho era by crossing the “Amanokawa Pears” native to Niigata Prefecture and the “Chojuro Pears” from Kanagawa Prefecture. In fact, for a long time since its birth, it seems that it was thought to be a variety that was a combination of “Amanokawa” native to Niigata prefecture and “Imamura Aki Pears” native to Kochi prefecture. In recent years, it is a famous story that attracted attention because of the survey results that it is highly likely that “Chojuro” in Kanagawa Prefecture is the parent instead of “Imamura Aki Pears”. The main feature is that the surface is rugged, but the flesh is white and juicy. The impression is that it is sweet and has a light acidity, and the texture is in good harmony. The taste itself is elegant and the shape is large. Also, because it has a long shelf life, it can be stored in the refrigerator for nearly a month. Please enjoy the pear “Niitaka Pears” in KAMAGAYA and let us know what you think.
In Kamagaya, Chiba Prefecture, which has been around since the Edo period, there seems to be many years of accumulated technology for making delicious pears. Even now, there is a fact that he is working hard to improve his technique in order to make more delicious pears. It seems that the soil created with great care has been laid the foundation for the healthy growth of pear trees by applying organic matter such as compost to the pear garden over many years. Healthy trees are not only resistant to disease, but also produce delicious fruits that please consumers and producers. Also, pruning work, fertilizer method, all seem to be done with an emphasis on taste. In addition, in each production area of Chiba prefecture, pesticides are used properly, and not only the history of pesticide application is recorded, but also the entire pear garden is covered with a fine mesh to prevent the invasion of pests, and female pests called pheromones are used. We are producing delicious pears by making various efforts such as filling the pear garden with the smell of pears and preventing the outbreak of pests by preventing mating.
In Kamagaya, Chiba Prefecture, which has been around since the Edo period, there seems to be many years of accumulated technology for making delicious pears. Even now, there is a fact that he is working hard to improve his technique in order to make more delicious pears. It seems that the soil created with great care has been laid the foundation for the healthy growth of pear trees by applying organic matter such as compost to the pear garden over many years. Healthy trees are not only resistant to disease, but also produce delicious fruits that please consumers and producers. Also, pruning work, fertilizer method, all seem to be done with an emphasis on taste. In addition, in each production area of Chiba prefecture, pesticides are used properly, and not only the history of pesticide application is recorded, but also the entire pear garden is covered with a fine mesh to prevent the invasion of pests, and female pests called pheromones are used. We are producing delicious pears by making various efforts such as filling the pear garden with the smell of pears and preventing the outbreak of pests by preventing mating.
There are about 150 pear farmers in Kamagaya city, and there are many farmers who sell directly, and you can see the spectacle of overflowing from the end of summer to the beginning of winter for consumers who enjoy shopping. Kamagaya City Agricultural Products Branding Logo mark “Kamatan” is a cute character created to improve the brand image of agricultural products and spread the charm of Kamagaya nationwide.
According to the documents reported to the county office by the Kamagaya village office in 1901, the area of cultivated land at that time was 5.9 hectares (59000 m2) and the number of cultivated houses was 27 houses. The varieties are Kanto pear, Seliruy Pears, Wase Aka Pears, Chusen Pears, Shirayuki Pears, Ohira Pears, Shinchu Pears, Iikoga Pears, Banroku Pears, etc. It seems that the market price was about 1 yen per (Japanese yen: the corporate price index in 1901 was 0.469, and in 2019, 698.8 can be confirmed. Is it about 1,490 times?). With the introduction of Chojuro Pears in the Taisho era 100 to 110 years ago, the yield gradually increased. After that, pear cultivation declined temporarily due to the Pacific War at great cost, but it seems that it became a major industry due to the spread of three Pears (Shinsui, Kosui, Hosui) and the expansion of cultivated land area.
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